上海海事大学国际物流Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
合集下载
International Payment(国际支付)
2021/6/30
(6) Paying bank
A bank nominated by the issuing bank to make payment under the credit.
Always the drawee of a draft stipulated in the credit. It may be the issuing bank itself.
Once the beneficiary accepts the credit, he must deliver the goods in compliance with the contract.
Then he tenders to his bank or any other bank all the relevant documents as stipulated in the credit.
It is located in the place of the beneficiary and is usually the issuing bank's branch or correspondent acting as an agent of the opening bank in accordance with the instructions given.
2021/6/30
3. Procedure for letter of credit operations
(Issuance —Amendment—Utilization)
BUYER (Applicant/Buyer)
②
ISSUANCE ① Contract
SELLER (Beneficiary/Seller)
(6) Paying bank
A bank nominated by the issuing bank to make payment under the credit.
Always the drawee of a draft stipulated in the credit. It may be the issuing bank itself.
Once the beneficiary accepts the credit, he must deliver the goods in compliance with the contract.
Then he tenders to his bank or any other bank all the relevant documents as stipulated in the credit.
It is located in the place of the beneficiary and is usually the issuing bank's branch or correspondent acting as an agent of the opening bank in accordance with the instructions given.
2021/6/30
3. Procedure for letter of credit operations
(Issuance —Amendment—Utilization)
BUYER (Applicant/Buyer)
②
ISSUANCE ① Contract
SELLER (Beneficiary/Seller)
unit 6 letter of payment
Open an L/C in one’s favor for the amount of …covering… through the Bank… 通过…银行就…订单开立以…为受益人的…信用证
L/C 常用搭配
我们今天通过中国银行大连分行就第3422号定单开立了 以你方为受益人的不可撤消的信用证，金额为9千美元。
Introduction
付款方式
汇付
信汇 票汇
信用证
保兑 信用证 电汇 不可撤消 信用证 跟单 信用证 承兑 交单
托收
付款交单
即期付款 交单 见票远期 付款交单
Introduction
Terms of Payment
Remittance
L/C
Collection
Documents against Acceptance
我们可以按60天付款交单的方式进行交易。 (on…basis)
• We can do the business on 60 days D/P basis.
I suppose D/P or D/A should be adopted as the mode of payment this time.
写作要点及要求
要求支付方式的要点: 开头:1)提及有关订单或合同,说明写信目的; 正文:2)提出有利的付款条件; 3)说明选择此付款条件的原因; 结尾:4)期望:接受付款条件。
汇付
对于你方以电汇方式不晚于11月30日预付全 部货款，我方表示感谢。(total amount)
• We should express thanks that you pay the total amount to us in advance by T/T not later than 30 November.
外贸函电写作Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
promissory note本票 check/cheque支票
• Terms of payment frequently used （支付方式） L/C ---confirmed, irrevocable L/C Remittance汇付 1. T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇是目前使用较多的一种汇款方式，其业务流程是：先由
• The buyer who places the order is not in charge or does not have the authority to open the L/C. This is often the case in a large company like chain store, in which the Finance Department, not the Import Department, is in charge of the L/C applications.
• 托收(Collection) 托收是出口商为了向进口商收取销售货款或劳务 价款，开立汇票委托银行代收的结算方式。出口商将作为货权凭 证的商业单据与汇票一起通过银行向进口商提示，进口商只有在 承兑或付款后才能取得货权凭证。 托收有光票托收和跟单托收之 分。跟单托收按交单条件的不同，又有“付款交单”和“承兑交 单”两种。而付款交单又有“即期付款交单”和“远期付款交单 ”之分，远期汇票的付款日期又有“见票后××天付款”“提单 日后××天付款”和出票日后××天付款”3种规定方法。但在 有的国家还有货到后××天付款的规定方法。所以，在磋商和订 立合同条款时，须按具体情况予以明确规定。兹分别示例如下： 付款交单——即期D／P at sight 买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇 票，于见票时立即付款，付款后交单。 付款交单——远期D／P after sight 买方对卖方开具的见票后××天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即予承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款，付款后交单。 承兑交单D／A 买方对卖方开具的见票后天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款。承兑后交单。承 兑交单并不意味买方到期一定付款，这取决于买方的信誉。
• Terms of payment frequently used （支付方式） L/C ---confirmed, irrevocable L/C Remittance汇付 1. T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇是目前使用较多的一种汇款方式，其业务流程是：先由
• The buyer who places the order is not in charge or does not have the authority to open the L/C. This is often the case in a large company like chain store, in which the Finance Department, not the Import Department, is in charge of the L/C applications.
• 托收(Collection) 托收是出口商为了向进口商收取销售货款或劳务 价款，开立汇票委托银行代收的结算方式。出口商将作为货权凭 证的商业单据与汇票一起通过银行向进口商提示，进口商只有在 承兑或付款后才能取得货权凭证。 托收有光票托收和跟单托收之 分。跟单托收按交单条件的不同，又有“付款交单”和“承兑交 单”两种。而付款交单又有“即期付款交单”和“远期付款交单 ”之分，远期汇票的付款日期又有“见票后××天付款”“提单 日后××天付款”和出票日后××天付款”3种规定方法。但在 有的国家还有货到后××天付款的规定方法。所以，在磋商和订 立合同条款时，须按具体情况予以明确规定。兹分别示例如下： 付款交单——即期D／P at sight 买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇 票，于见票时立即付款，付款后交单。 付款交单——远期D／P after sight 买方对卖方开具的见票后××天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即予承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款，付款后交单。 承兑交单D／A 买方对卖方开具的见票后天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款。承兑后交单。承 兑交单并不意味买方到期一定付款，这取决于买方的信誉。
国际商务函电之付款方式terms-of-payment
• 尽管如此，在当今国际市场出口竞争日益 激烈的情况下，出口人为了推销商品占领 市场，有时也不得不采用托收方式。如果 对方进口人信誉较好，出口人在国外又有 自己的办事机构，则风险可以相对小一些。 • 托收对进口人比较有利，可以免去开证的 手续以及预付押金，还有可以预借货物的 便利。当然托收对进口人也不是没有一点 风险。如，进口人付款后才取得货运单据， 领取货物，如果发现货物与合同规定不符， 或者根本就是假的，也会因此而蒙受损失， 但总的来说，托收对进口人比较有利。
Types of L/D • Confirmed and unconfirmed L/C • Sight and usance L/C • Transferable L/C • L/C without recourse and with recourse • 有追索权信用证/无追索权信用证
• Back to Back Credit背对背信用证
• 根据受益人对信用证的权利可否转让，可分为： • ①可转让信用证(Transferable L/C)。指信用 证的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求授权付款、承 担延期付款责任，承兑或议付的银行(统称“转 让行”)，或当信用证是自由议付时，可以要求 信用证中特别授权的转让银行，将信用证全部或 部分转让给一个或数个受益人(第二受益人)使用 的信用证。开证行在信用证中要明确注明“可转 让”(transferable)，且只能转让一次。 • ②不可转让信用证。指受益人不能将信用证的权 利转让给他人的信用证。凡信用证中未注明“可 转让”，即是不可转让信用证。
Unit Seven
Terms of payment
Modes of payment
1. Remittance
2. Collection
外贸英语函电与单证课后答案第6章 付款方式4
Key to 6.1 1. (1) mail transfer (2) payment by installment (3) terms of payment (4)cash with order (5) sight bill (6)remittance (7) 票据 (8) 预付款 (9) 托收 (10) 凭单付款 (11) 占压资金 (12) 备齐所定货物
4. (1) The irrevocable L/C gives your experts the protection of bank’s guarantee. (2) In order to settle the terms of payment, we are prepare to give our serous consideration to any helpful proposals. (3) In order to conclude this business, we are willing to give our payment of 50% L/C and the balance by D/P at sight. (4) We would be grateful if you would expedite establishment of the L/c so that we can ship the order in time. (5) Partial shipment are permitted because we can’t supply all the goods you ordered at one time. (6) We have opened an L/C in your favor through the Bank of China for an amount of $ 80,000 . (7) We are glad to inform you that the L/C No. 450 for the amount of $ 25,000 has been established in your favor through the HongKong Bank. (8) As the price of your leather shoes is acceptable, we are going to place a trial order with you if you agree with the terms of payment by D/P (9) Under such circumstances, we find that both the shipment and validity of the L/C should be extended respectively. (10) We will not be able to ship the goods in times if the amendments to the L/C come are too late.
4. (1) The irrevocable L/C gives your experts the protection of bank’s guarantee. (2) In order to settle the terms of payment, we are prepare to give our serous consideration to any helpful proposals. (3) In order to conclude this business, we are willing to give our payment of 50% L/C and the balance by D/P at sight. (4) We would be grateful if you would expedite establishment of the L/c so that we can ship the order in time. (5) Partial shipment are permitted because we can’t supply all the goods you ordered at one time. (6) We have opened an L/C in your favor through the Bank of China for an amount of $ 80,000 . (7) We are glad to inform you that the L/C No. 450 for the amount of $ 25,000 has been established in your favor through the HongKong Bank. (8) As the price of your leather shoes is acceptable, we are going to place a trial order with you if you agree with the terms of payment by D/P (9) Under such circumstances, we find that both the shipment and validity of the L/C should be extended respectively. (10) We will not be able to ship the goods in times if the amendments to the L/C come are too late.
外贸英语Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
Collection has two big types: clean collection(光票 托收)and documentary collection(跟单托收).
(3) Collection(托收)
According to the ways documents are released to the drawee, documentary collection is classified as follows
1 SitInuasttirounmal eTnastsk of Payment
(1) Draft(汇票) (2) Invoice(发票) (3) Check(支票) (4) Promissory Note(本票)
(1) Draft(汇票)
A draft is a written three-party instrument signed by a drawer(出票人)that directs a drawee(受票人/ 付款人) to pay a definite sum of money to or to the order of a specified party (payee)(受款人) at sight or at a specified future date unconditionally. It is sometimes called bill of exchange or bill.汇票是出 票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在将来某确 定的时间无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票 人的书面三方票据。
(2) Invoice(发票)
An invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and says how much money you owe for them. According to different uses, invoices can be divided into several types, such as commercial invoice(商业发票), shipping invoice(装运发票), trade invoice(贸易发票), sample invoice(样品发票).
(3) Collection(托收)
According to the ways documents are released to the drawee, documentary collection is classified as follows
1 SitInuasttirounmal eTnastsk of Payment
(1) Draft(汇票) (2) Invoice(发票) (3) Check(支票) (4) Promissory Note(本票)
(1) Draft(汇票)
A draft is a written three-party instrument signed by a drawer(出票人)that directs a drawee(受票人/ 付款人) to pay a definite sum of money to or to the order of a specified party (payee)(受款人) at sight or at a specified future date unconditionally. It is sometimes called bill of exchange or bill.汇票是出 票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在将来某确 定的时间无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票 人的书面三方票据。
(2) Invoice(发票)
An invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and says how much money you owe for them. According to different uses, invoices can be divided into several types, such as commercial invoice(商业发票), shipping invoice(装运发票), trade invoice(贸易发票), sample invoice(样品发票).
上海海事大学船舶贸易课件 第六章 二手船买卖
（%）
50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 10以下
（二）按每载重吨单价指标估算二手船 的价格
• • • •
P1----- 已知的二手船价格（单位：美元） P2----- 需估算的二手船价格（单位：美元） DWT1---- 已知船价的二手船载重吨 DWT2----需估算船价的二手船载重吨
6. 买方接船准备工作 • 为船舶进行船旗国登记 Ship’s certificate of registry • 为买入的船舶融资/贷款 • 在交船港作出接船准备 • 其他（安排保险、租船合约等）
7. 潜水员或进干坞检查船底或水下部分
8. 卖方递交通知书 Notice of readiness
（不是严格意义的交船文件）
12. 船舶无登记负担证书 certificate of free from registered encumbrances 登记负担：例如卖方向银行借贷并将 船舶作抵押；
此证书由船旗国当局签发。
13. 原船舶登记注销证书 deletion 法律交接时卖方提供，用于买方永久 登记船舶。
4. 买方派船员上船熟悉操作
5. 卖方准备交船工作 • 通知买方交船时间与地点 Estimated time of arrival at the intended place of delivery • 交船前进干坞检查船底 • 准备交船文件且符合交船保证 • 在交船港作出交接船舶准备 • 安排船舶文件交接，通知卖方融资银 行、保险公司等方面
二、NSF下二手船买卖流程
1. 买卖双方订立买卖合同 双方通过经纪人介绍，达成以NSF为 标准格式的买卖合同。
2. 买方支付保证金 deposit • 为什么要支付保证金？ • 卖方损失低于或高于保证金的情况 • 船舶交接时保证金的处理
新编外贸英语函电写作教程Unit 6 Terms of Payment
诚望双方努力尽快促成交易。
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Specimen Letters
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Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
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Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
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Letter 3 Urging Establishment of an L/C
Core Vocabulary stipulation: 规定，条款 expedite: 加快，加速
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Enhance Your Grammar
1. As we are ______ of these goods, please expedite shipment after receiving our L/C.
的原因 3. 见卖方Step 3，表达与对方合作的意愿
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Enhance Your Grammar
1. We suggest that you ______ our representative in Beijing for your requirements.
A. will contact
A. to an effect
B. to this effect
C. to that effect
D. to the effect
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Mini Case
Please write a reply to a letter pressing for overdue payment. You may use the ideas given below.
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Specimen Letters
2020/10/16
14
Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
2020/10/16
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Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
2020/10/16
Letter 3 Urging Establishment of an L/C
Core Vocabulary stipulation: 规定，条款 expedite: 加快，加速
2020/10/16
24
Enhance Your Grammar
1. As we are ______ of these goods, please expedite shipment after receiving our L/C.
的原因 3. 见卖方Step 3，表达与对方合作的意愿
2020/10/16
20
Enhance Your Grammar
1. We suggest that you ______ our representative in Beijing for your requirements.
A. will contact
A. to an effect
B. to this effect
C. to that effect
D. to the effect
2020/10/16
33
Mini Case
Please write a reply to a letter pressing for overdue payment. You may use the ideas given below.
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上海海事大学 高洁
Export Credit Insurance(出口信用保险)
• 国家为了推动本国的出口贸易、保障出口企业的收汇安全 而制定的一项由国家财政提供保险准备金的非营利性的政 策性保险业务。 • Sinosure（简称中国信保）是我国唯一的政策性出口信用 保险公司。于2001年12月成立，由中国政府全资拥有，注 册资本金40亿人民币。
中国出口信用保险公司
China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation
上海海事大学 高洁
Export Credit Insurance(出口信用保险)
政治风险
• 贸易过程中发生的由不可抗拒原因导致的风险
– 进口国发生国内战争、政治动乱、进口限制或者禁止、关税上调 、外汇交易限制或者禁止等无法控制的国家或政府行为； – 进口国发生自然灾害等原因使无法出口、不能回收货款； – 海外投资中购买的股票及投资实体等被强制没收。
上海海事大学 高洁
Open Account(赊销)
Definition
• The exporter conducts international business in a manner similar to the way it conducts business domestically. • The exporter ships the goods, accompanied by an invoice, and expects the importer to pay within a defined time period (3060 days). • The exporter shows complete trust in the importer.
– COFACE 法国信用保险集团 – Unicredit Beijing 北京联信征信咨询有限公司
Exposure (承受力风险)
• The relative consequences of a bad-debt risk for an exporter.
上海海事大学 高洁
Open Account(赊销)
Applicability
• The exporter is confident that the importer will pay (e.g. longstanding business relationship). • The exporter is competing with companies that offer Open Account terms. • The exporter wants to create goodwill.
商业信用风险
• 由于进口企业自身原因带来的危险
– 进口方破产、亏损等经营方面的理由而使货款未能收回，接受买 方信贷一方无法按照合同约定归还贷款； – 进口企业破产等原因导致出口中断。
上海海事大学 高洁
赔付比例
• 政治风险：90％
• 商业风险：1.买方破产或丧失偿付能力：90％
2.买方拖欠：90％ 3.拒收货物：80％ • 特殊情况：东欧等少部分国家和地区的商业风险赔付比例 为50％，可视情况予以适当提高。
上海海事大学 高洁
Alternative Terms of Payment
• • • • • • Cash in Advance Open Account Letter of Credit Documentary Collection Procurement Cards TradeCard
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
Case(1)
• 中国出口商D公司从2002年起与美国A公司开始海产品贸易，双 方曾签署2笔海产品贸易合同，A公司付款情况正常。2003年， D公司再次与A公司签署了第3笔合同，向A公司出口价值10万美 元的扇贝，支付方式为D/A(Documents against Acceptance)30天。 • 为防范可能发生的信用风险，D公司向中国信保投保了出口信 用保险。D公司按照约定出运了货物，A公司如期承兑汇票并提 取了货物。应付款日届至后，A公司未能支付货款。在D公司多 次敦促下，A公司才答复因产品存在质量问题，遭最终买家退 货，故拒绝支付货款，但却未提供任何书面证据。 D公司要求A 公司提供SGS检验证明，A公司未予答复。在多次协商无果后， D公司遂委托中国信保追讨欠款。 • 思考：D公司的欠款是否能够顺利追回?
Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
Characteristics of International Payment Issues
• • • • • • Reduced Credit Information Lack of Personal Contact Difficult and Expensive Collections No Easy Legal Recourse Higher Litigation Costs Mistrust
上海海事大学 高洁
Risks in International Trade
Country Risk
• Political & economical risk • The probability of not getting paid by an importer, because the importing country has:
International Factoring（国际保理）
• A means of financing international receivable accounts. • The firm can ask a factoring company to advance funds on a receivable account.
上海海事大学 高洁
Case(2)
• SGS：Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A.的简称，译为“通用公证 行”。SGS是一家认证机构，其总部在瑞士的日内瓦。它可以做管理 体系认证，也可以做产品认证以及化学测试。 • 许多国家实施“全面进口监管计划”COMPREHESIVE IMPORT SUPERVISION SCHEME(CISS)，这些国家的进口法规规定，进入这些国 家的货物必须由SGS在出口供货国进行装船前检验。SGS介入的目的是 协助CISS国家政府对海关和（或）外汇管理系统的管理。
– Insufficient foreign exchange reserves. – Not allowed the creditor to pay the debt (political embargo).
Commercial Risk
• The probability of not getting paid by an importer, because the importer does not have the funds to pay the debt or refuses to pay the debt.
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
Case：买家风险动态跟踪
• 中国信保一保户与德国一买家进行贸易，在中国信保获得 的限额为200,000美元，OA 30天。合作情况一直较好。 • 2006年2月中国信保接到信息，该德国买家财务情况发生 异动，付款能力出现问题，信保通知保户暂停和其贸易。 • 到2006年9月，该买家情况有所好转，信保建议保户和该 买家采用较为保守的支付方式D/P(Documents against Payment)进行贸易，避免发生收汇风险。 • 次年2月，德国买家经营完全恢复正常，中国信保同意保 户采用OA 支付方式继续和其进行贸易。通过中国信保的 风险管理机制，即帮助保户保住了客户，又规避了风险。
上海海事大学 高洁
中国出口信用保险公司
——短期出口信用保险业务
• • 一般情况下保障信用期限在一年以内的出口收汇风险。 适用于出口企业从事以信用证（L/C）、付款交单（D/P）、承兑交单（D/A）、赊销（ OA） • 结算方式自中国出口或转口的贸易，以及银行在出口贸易项下受让的应收账款或未到 期债权。 承保风险： • 商业风险——指买方破产或无力偿付债务；买方拖欠货款；买方拒绝接受货物；开证行 破产、停业或被接管；单证相符、单单相符时开证行拖欠或在远期信用项下拒绝承兑。 • 政治风险——指买方或开证行所在国家、地区禁止或限制买方或开证行向被保险人支付 货款或信用证款项；禁止买方购买的货物进口或撤销已颁布发给买方的进口许可证；发 生战争、内战或者暴动，导致买方无法履行合同或开证行不能履行信用证项下的付款义 务；买方或开证行付款须经过的第三国颁布延期付款令。 损失赔偿比例： • 政治风险所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为90%。 • 破产、无力偿付债务、拖欠等其他商业风险所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为90%。 • 买方拒收货物所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为80%。 • 出口信用保险（福费廷）保险单下的最高参与比例可以达到100%。
Cash in Advance(现金预付)
Definition
• The exporter requests that the customer provide payment in advance(SWIFT), before shipment of the goods can take place. • It is the ultimate “risk-free” alternative for the exporter. • The risk is completely transferred to the importer. Applicability • This method is only justified in rare cases. • It could be used when the importer is perceived as being very high risk (commercial or country risk). • It should be avoided.