francis-bacon解析培训讲学

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谈读书培根PPT课件

谈读书培根PPT课件

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名人读书的趣事:
孔子韦编三绝的故事 列宁读书趣闻 马克思读书趣闻 头悬梁锥刺股,囊萤映雪、凿壁偷光的刻苦读书 鲁迅嚼辣椒驱寒
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每人从文中选取2~3句读书名 言做精彩的点评。点评角度自主确 定,可以挖掘句子的思想内涵,可 以分析句式,赏析修辞,也可以涉 及遣词造句。
示例:
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,作文使人准确。
—句子分别以“读书”“讨论”“作文”为例论 述了学以致用的观点。句式整齐,使论证更为有力。
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5 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,作文使人 准确。
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名人论读书
▲不好的书也▲任何时候我也不会满足,越是多读书,就越是深刻地感到
不满足,越感到自己知识贫乏。
——【德】马克思
▲读一本好书,就是和许多高尚的人谈话。 ——【德】歌德
好读书(hào)


味同嚼蜡( jiáo) 读好书(hǎo)
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文采藻饰:修饰文词,使之富有文采。
味同嚼蜡 形容写文章或说话枯燥无味。
吹毛求疵:这里指细致到烦琐、挑剔的 地步。
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内容概括
• 读书的目的
• 读书的方法 • • 读书的作用
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当代名人谈读书
• 阅读的最大理由是想摆脱平庸。早一天就多一份人生的 精彩:迟一天就多一天平庸的困扰。(余秋雨 ) 一个人身处逆境的时候,在书中能够得到安慰,书是一 生最好的朋友。(金庸 )

Francis Bacon(英国文学课件)

Francis Bacon(英国文学课件)

• If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English Renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser 风 格的and the drama of Shakespeare, the 格的 intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis Bacon, English philosopher and statesman, one of the pioneers of modern scientific thought.



• Being unwittingly on his deathbed, the philosopher wrote his last letter to his absent host and friend Lord Arundel: • "My very good Lord,—I was likely to have had the fortune of Caius Plinius the elder, who lost his life by trying an experiment about the burning of Mount Vesuvius; for I was also desirous to try an experiment or two touching the conservation and induration of bodies. As for the experiment itself, it succeeded excellently well; but in the journey between London and Highgate, I was taken with such a fit of casting as I know not whether it were the Stone, or some surfeit or cold, or indeed a touch of them all three. But when I came to your Lordship's House, I was not able to go back, and therefore was forced to take up my lodging here, where your housekeeper is very careful and diligent about me, which I assure myself your Lordship will not only pardon towards him, but think the better of him for it. For indeed your Lordship's House was happy to me, and I kiss your noble hands for the welcome which I am sure you give me to it. I know how unfit it is for me to write with any other hand than mine own, but by my troth my fingers are so disjointed with sickness that I cannot steadily hold a pen."

弗朗西斯·培根

弗朗西斯·培根

弗朗西斯·培根英国文艺复兴时期散作家、哲学家•添加义项•同义词•收藏•分享弗朗西斯·培根编辑词条快速导航•关系表中文名弗朗西斯·培根外文名Francis Bacon[4]国籍英国主要成就实验科学近代归纳法创始人教育背景英国牛津大学信仰新教安立甘宗性别男代表作品新工具、学术的进步、新大西岛、培根随笔[5]出生日期1561年1月22日逝世日期1626年4月9日身份唯物主义哲学家、思想家、科学家[6]爵位奥尔本斯子爵展开目录•1人物生平•人物简介•早年经历•政治生涯•2主要成就•思想贡献•哲学贡献•法学贡献•逻辑学贡献•归纳方法•科学态度•3主要作品•4人物名言•5人物评价•6相关影片•7词条图册1人物生平编辑人物简介弗朗西斯·培根弗朗西斯·培根是英国唯物主义哲学家、思想家和科学家,被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”[7]。

生于贵族家庭,是掌玺大臣和大法官(王国最高法律官职)古拉斯·培根爵士的幼子。

后于1618也成为了大法官。

晚年脱离政治活动,专门从事科学和哲学研究。

[8]代表作是《论说文集》。

[9]他是新贵族的思想代表,反对君权神授和君权无限,主张限制王权;拥护清教主张改革,但反对革命。

他对中世纪的经院哲学,提出必须清除它给人们造成的错误认识和偏见(他称之为假相),以便给认识和科学扫清道路。

他继承了古代唯物主义传统,承认自然界是物质的,认为构成一切事物的最小单位是真正的分子,即事物的简单性质,它是有限的不变的。

千差万别的事物都是由它的不同排列和组合构成的。

运动是物质固有的最重要的特性,运动是有规律的,其形式是多样的。

他称事物运动的规律和规定性为形式。

科学的任务就是发现形式,从而获得行动上的自由,以便征服自然。

提出“知识就是力量”的口号。

[10]他提出唯物主义经验论的基本原则,认为感觉是认识的开端,它是完全可靠的,是一切知识的泉源。

论学习-弗兰西斯·培根(三个译本)

论学习-弗兰西斯·培根(三个译本)

Of Studies by Francis Bacon【译文】一、王佐良译:谈读书读书足以怡情,足以搏彩,足以长才。

其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其搏彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书种所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然读书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。

书有课浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。

因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,论理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辨:凡有所学,皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。

滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。

如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演算须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。

如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。

二、廖运范译文论读书读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。

人们独居或退隐的时候,最能体会到读书的乐趣;谈话的时候,最能表现出读书的文雅;判断和处理事务的时候,最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。

弗朗西斯培根PPT课件

弗朗西斯培根PPT课件
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Painter Bacon
• was an Irish-born figurative painter of English descent
• known for his bold, austere, graphic and often tortured imagery.
• Bacon's abstract figures typically appear isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.
• Induction implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. In the context of his time, such methods were connected with the occult trends of hermeticism and alchemy
Seal (his father’s former office). • 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor.
3
Francis Bacon, a representative of the English renaissance, is a well-known philosopher , scientist and essayist. He began his professional life as a lawyer, but he has become best known as a philosophical advocate and defender of the scientific revolution

《培根随笔》讲解

《培根随笔》讲解

《培根随笔》讲解培根(Francis Bacon)是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的哲学家、政治家和作家之一。

他的随笔作品以其深刻的思想和丰富的文化内涵而闻名,对人们的思维方式和理解世界的方式产生了重要影响。

本文将对培根的随笔进行解读,并探讨其思想与当代的关联。

一、培根的随笔风格培根的随笔主要受到寓言和散文的影响,他倡导简练、清晰和直截了当的写作风格。

他运用比喻和象征的手法,通过生动的语言和个人体验来传递思想。

同时,培根的随笔也具有辩证性和深刻的洞察力,他善于观察细节、分析问题,并提出自己独到的见解。

二、培根的思想1. 知识的力量培根强调知识对个体和社会的重要性。

他认为知识不仅仅是权力的源泉,而且还可以解放人类思想的束缚,使人们更加理性地思考和行动。

在当今信息爆炸的时代,培根的思想对于我们如何获取和运用知识仍然具有重要的指导意义。

2. 实证主义培根主张通过实证的方法来探索和理解世界。

他反对纯理论和主观偏见,强调通过实验和观察来获取真实的知识。

这与现代科学的方法论十分契合,提醒我们在面对复杂问题时要保持客观和实践的态度。

3. 社会改革和道德重建培根关注社会问题和道德价值观。

他认为社会应该以人类福祉为中心,并提出了一系列改革措施,包括法律、教育和治理的改革。

在当今社会面临的伦理和道德挑战下,培根的思想提醒我们重建社会价值观和个人品质的重要性。

三、培根的影响与当代联系1. 科学与技术发展培根倡导实证主义的思想与科学的发展密切相关。

他对实验和观察的重视为现代科学方法的确立奠定了基础。

同时,培根也预见到技术的发展会对社会产生深远影响,在当今科技高度发达的社会中,培根的思想对于我们审视技术的力量和限度仍然具有启示。

2. 教育与人文关怀培根强调教育对于个体和社会的重要性。

他提倡全面发展,包括知识、智慧、性格和品质的培养。

在当代教育中,培根的思想提醒我们要追求真正的教育目标,培养学生的批判思维和创造力,关注人文关怀和个体成长。

Francis Bacon剖析

Francis Bacon
• knowledge is power • In beauty, that of favor, is more than that of color; and that of decent and gracious motion, more than that of favor 形体之美要 胜于颜色之美,而优雅行为之美又胜于形体之美 • Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. 阅读 使人充实,交谈使人机智,写作使人精确。
The blend of philosophy and socialism
Bacon’s thought of philosophy is inextricably linked with its social thought
reasons:
• The representative of the period of rising bourgeoisie • Advocating the development of production • Eagered to explore the nature • Requiring the progress of science
Works by Francis Bacon
Scientific works
• • • • •
• • • •
literary works
1.The Great Instauration (《伟大的复兴》) 2.Novum Oganum (《新工具论》) 3.The Advancement of Learning (《论学术的进展》) 4.《自然界的大事》 5.《迷宫的线索》

00502第二节 培根


(4)意义
①培根的自然观和“形式”学说具有浓厚的朴素性和幻想性。 培根的自然观和“形式”学说具有浓厚的朴素性和幻想性。 ②表现出朴素的辩证法的思想: 表现出朴素的辩证法的思想 a、它们说明了物质的质的多样性; 、它们说明了物质的质的多样性; b、肯定了物质和运动不可分以及运动形式的多样性; 、肯定了物质和运动不可分以及运动形式的多样性; c、有意识地把思想和物质联系起来了。 、有意识地把思想和物质联系起来了。
(2)特征
①形式和物质不可分离。 形式和物质不可分离。 ②形式是事物的内在本质规定性。 形式是事物的内在本质规定性。 ③形式的普遍性。 形式的普遍性。 ④形式是为数不多的、永恒的和不变的。 形式是为数不多的、永恒的和不变的。 ⑤形式的效用性。 形式的效用性。
(3)形式和物质的关系
①形式依赖于物质,物质是形式的基础。 形式依赖于物质,物质是形式的基础。 ②具体物质的多样性是由形式的多样性所决定的。 具体物质的多样性是由形式的多样性所决定的。 ③形式是连接物质与思想的必然途径。 形式是连接物质与思想的必然途径。
(1)含义: 含义:
“形式”指的是事物运动的规律,是决定物体的单纯性质 形式”指的是事物运动的规律, 的法则,是事物的本质规定性。 当我讲到形式的时候, 的法则,是事物的本质规定性。“当我讲到形式的时候, 我所指的不是别的,而是绝对现实的法则和规定性, 我所指的不是别的,而是绝对现实的法则和规定性,即支 配和构成各种物质中的简单性质(如热、 重量) 配和构成各种物质中的简单性质(如热、光、重量)以及 能够接受这些性质的主体的简单性质的规律和规定性。 能够接受这些性质的主体的简单性质的规律和规定性。
二、自然哲学立场(唯物主义立场) 自然哲学立场(唯物主义立场)

francis-bacon解析培训讲学

Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies, like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins, shooting for the lungs and breast, gentle walking for the stomach, riding for the head, and the like.
According to Bacon,man's understanding consists of three parts:history to man's memory,poetry to man's imagination and creation,and philosophy to man's reason.
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.
Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.

Lecture 5----Essay, Francis Bacon


读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。 因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天 生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显 有知。 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密, 科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学 使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅, 一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。 滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利 头脑,诸如此类。 如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注, 稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲 学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善 以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头 脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。
读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上 所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细 思。 书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀 嚼消化。 换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体 涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注, 孜孜不倦。 书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限 题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹 如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
Thirdly, these essays, though short, are sinewy, full of wisdom, and elegantly phrased. They offer people useful and practical advice, and encourage people to play more active roles in their social life.
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Life Born in a family that had connections with the court. Went to Cambridge at 12. the founder of English materialist philosophy. The founder of modern science. the first English essayist.
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For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
Poetry
Of Studies
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
Novum Organum 《新工具》
A successful treatise written in Latin on methodology.
The argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study .
Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use, but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Basic Information
As a lawyer, member of Parliament,and Queen's Counsel,Bacon wrote on the questions of law,state and religion,as well as on contemporary politics;but he also published texts in which he speculated onciety,and he pondered questions of ethics even in his works on natural philosophy .
francis-bacon解析
Basic Information
Francis Bacon (15611626) ,a representative of the Renaissance in England ,is a well-known philosopher ,scientist and essayist,one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era.
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
Works
Essays 《论说文》
The Advancement of Learning 《知识的 进步》
Novum Organum 《 新工具》
Essays 《论说文》
The first example of that genre in Englsh literature.
An important landmark in the development of English prose.
The Advancement of Learning 《知 识的进步》
A great book on education
He divides knowledge into two kinds.One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation;the other is the knowledge from the workings of human mind.
According to Bacon,man's understanding consists of three parts:history to man's memory,poetry to man's imagination and creation,and philosophy to man's reason.
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