Unit 1 Nouns (a)
noun 语法名词
Unit 1 NounsI. ClassificationProper NounsCollective NounsNounsIndividual NounsCommon NounsMaterial NounsAbstract NounsA. Proper Nouns:一个特定对象单独拥有的名称专有名词的数•一般没有复数•表示一家或同姓同名的几个人可以有复数The Blacks will call on us this afternoon.The Black will call on us this afternoon.B. Common Nouns：专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词1. 个体名词Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西。
Books，a year2. 集体名词Collective Nouns: 表示由个体组成的集体。
army; family3. 物质名词Material Nouns: 看得到，听得到，闻得到，摸得到cake; ice; paper; soil；water4. 抽象名词Abstract Nouns: 表示一些抽象的概念，只能凭想education; love; policy; trust; nature;II. Countable nouns V.S. Uncountable nouns1. 个体名词2. 集体名词：集体名词有时作单数看待有时作复数看。
His family isn’t large.His family are all music lovers.3. 物质名词。
（1）一般不可数。
（2）作可数名词时，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份）Three beers, please. (三杯）（3）作可数名词时，表示特别的意义rains （雨季）snows (积雪）waters(海域)4. 抽象名词。
现代大学英语精读1Unit1课后练习答案
Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false <P.6-7>1F 2T 3F4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary1. Identify the parts of speech of the following words and list the suffixes used. <P.10>Noun suffixes: -tion, -ment, -ing, -ness, -or/erAdjective suffixes: -ful, -less, -edAdverb suffixes: -ly2. Write down the corresponding adverbs, adjectives, nouns or verbs of the following words. <P.10-11>1. Their corresponding adverbs are: Simply, hurriedly, terribly, possibly, miserably, politely, fortunately, practically, physically, favorably, roughly, seriously2. Their corresponding adjectives are: complete, accurate, particular, total, absolute, easy, angry, miserable, exact, final3. Their corresponding nouns are: power <powerfulness>, success <successfulness>, care <carefulness>, tear <tearfulness>, meaning <meaninglessness>, home <homelessness>, price <pricelessness>4. Their corresponding verbs are:express, impress, attend, celebrate, attract, spell, produce, pollute, prevent, oppose, organize, inform, appoint, require, judge3.Translate the following expressions, paying attention to the different use of the suffixes "-ful" and " –less". <P.11>1.一个有用的词11.一只对人无害的动物2. 一条很有帮助的建议12. 一个无耻的撒谎者3. 一次痛苦的经历13.一个无阶级的社会4. 一个含泪的声音14.很有希望的形势5. 一场无望的战争15.一次富有成果的访问6. 一颗无价的宝石16.一支强大的军队7. 一本无用的书17．一个粗心的错误8. 仔细一看18.一个无家可归的孩子9. 一个多事的年份〔多事之秋19.一个牙齿已掉光的老汉10. 一个有害的习惯20.一朵无名的花plete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets <P.11>1. differ2. differently, different3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention8. attentively, attentive2 Complete the following verb + noun collocations or expressions. <P.12>1. Take2. lose/find3. dry4. play5. take/have6. tell/read/write7. change/speak/read/cross8. life/facts/reality/difficulties9. an event/a plan/the news/the death/the marriage10. a country/a place/privacy11. a river/a street/a bridge/a desert/the sea12. an end/a decision/a place13. workers/waiters/servants/people3 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions. <P.12>4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
高三英语语法重新回忆复习(名词代词)Unit 1 Nouns and Pronouns
3. 疑问代词
who， whom， whose， which， what， when
4. 关系代词
who， whom， whose， which， that， as
代词的主要种类：
5. 不定代词
some, something, somebody, someone, any, anything, anybody, anyone, no, nothing, no one, nobody, every, everything, everybody, everyone, each, much, many, little, few, other, another, all, none, one, both, either, neither
物主代词：
表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my， your，his，her， its，our，your， their 1. 作定语， 具有形容词的性质， 起到限定名词和作 动名词逻辑主语的作用 2. 与own连用，表示对比，这种结构也可和of连用
名词性物主代词
mine， yours， his，hers，its，ours， yours， theirs 1. 作表语 3. 作宾语 2. 作主语 4. 与of连③know
④move
名词单复数的一些用法：
4)某些指有生命的东西的集体名词， 视为一个集 体时用作单数， 而强调的是集体中的成员时则用 复数： audience， class， couple， family， government， etc.
①has ④go
②are ⑤are
③has ⑥is
英语语法与写作unit 1 Basic Parts of a Sentence (1)
2. Hard-to-find subjects
Most frequently, a subject comes first in a sentence and usually goes before a predicate. However, there are some exceptions.
Here comes the bus. There existed a great tribe centuries ago.
2. Imperative sentences
An imperative sentence gives an order/ command, or makes a request: The subject you is understood. It doesn’t need to be stated.
linking verbs
expresses an action, such as do, act, make, walk, take, break, react, write, see, say, buy, build and so on
express the existence or state of being of the subject
Have you applied for the job? When did the witness report the accident?
4. Inverted Sentences An inverted Sentence is a sentence built in the way that the predicate
predicates verbs
direct objects predicate nouns predicate adjectives adverbs adverbial phrases
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级上知识点清单(背诵版)
2024秋沪教牛津新七年级上知识点清单handout（背诵版）Unit 1 Friendship重点词汇一、词性分类1.Nounsguitar吉他courage勇气;胆量friendship友谊;朋友关系admiration钦佩;赞赏respect尊敬;尊重support支持;鼓励trust信任;信赖survey调查quality品质;品德appearance外貌thought想法end 结局heart心2. verbsimprove改进;改善describe描述;形容rise 上升3. adjectiveshonest诚实的patient有耐心的confident自信的;有自信心的personal个性的caring 关心他人的;体贴人的straight直的dark褐色的;乌黑的same同—的;相同的basic基本的;基础的glad高兴的;愉快的4. adverbshowever然而二、词性转换1. courage n.勇气;胆量—encourage v.鼓励2. admiration n.羡慕;钦佩—admire v.羡慕;钦佩3. respect n.尊敬;尊重—respectful adj.表示敬意的;尊敬的4. support v.支持—supportive adj.支持的;鼓励的5. trust n.信任—trustful adj.轻信的trustworthy adj.值得信赖的6. appearance n.外貌;出现—appear v.出现;显得;似乎7. improve v改进;改善—improvement n.改进;改善8. describe v描述—description n.描述9. honest adj.诚实的—honesty n.诚实—dishonest adj.不诚实的10. patient adj.有耐心的—patience n.耐心impatient adj.没有耐心的11. confident adj.自信的;有信心的—confidence n.信心三．一词多义1. respect n.& v尊敬;尊重 3. trust n. & v.信任;信赖2. support n.& v支持;鼓励 4..straight adj.直的adv.笔直地;径直重点短语1. be good at擅长10. watch over照管;监督2. turn to sb. for help向某人求助11. rise into 上升到3. after school放学后12.cry out大叫;叫喊4. be willing to do 愿意做某事13. cry oneself to sleep哭着入睡5. thanks to多亏了14. wake up醒;醒来6. count on依靠(=depend on)15. come and go来去7. medium height中等身高16. take somebody's place替代某人8. modern dance现代舞17. come along 出现9. take care of照顾(= look after / care for)核心句式1. What do you like doing?你喜欢做什么?2.Li Hua is helpful and patient.李华乐于助人且有耐心。
unit1知识点
unit1知识点
以下是Unit 1的知识点：
1. 问候和自我介绍：
- 问候的常用表达：Hello, hi, good morning/afternoon/evening, how are you?
- 自我介绍的常用句型：My name is xxx. I am xx years old. I come from xxx.
2. 介绍家庭成员：
- 家庭成员的称呼：father, mother, brother, sister, grandparents, etc.
- 介绍家庭成员的常用句型：This is my father/mother/brother/sister. His/Her name is xxx.
3. 询问和回答个人信息：
- 询问名字：What's your name?/What's your full name?
- 询问年龄：How old are you?
- 询问国籍：Where are you from?
- 回答个人信息的常用句型：My name is xxx. I am xx years old. I come from xxx.
4. 简单的日常用语：
- 感谢：Thank you. Thanks a lot.
- 道歉：I'm sorry. I apologize.
- 请问：Excuse me, can I ask you a question?
5. 时态：
- 一般现在时：表述经常发生的事情、事实和真理。
- 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。
这些是Unit 1的主要知识点，希望对你有帮助！。
综合英语教程 第二版 第一册 unit one A
Education Does Count
In college, I read all kinds of things and attended
different kinds of classes. For me, classroom is not the
An Integrated Skills Course
7. look to sb. for sth. / to do sth. : 指望，依赖 e.g. 1. 我经常向我父亲寻求建议和支持。
I often looked to my father for advice and support. 2. We're looking to you to advise us on how to proceed.
An Integrated Skills Course
10. in short: 简而言之，总之 e.g. 1. In short, you should study hard for a better future. synonym:
in brief; to sum up; all in all; in conclusion
An Integrated Skills Course
9. try out : 试验，考验 e.g. 1. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes. 2. The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
• 2. advice n. ［u］:建议
• Collocations:
• take one's advice (听从某人建议）
高级英语第一册Unit 1 (文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案)
《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns。
Unit1单词讲解牛津译林版英语七年级下册
1.palace n. 皇宫，宫殿a)固定搭配：palace museum 故宫博物院b)例句：The Buckingham Palace is the Queen's official residence in London.(白金汉宫是伦敦女王的官邸。
)2.next to prep. 紧邻，在……近旁a)固定搭配：next to sb./sth. 紧邻某人/某物b)例句：The park is next to my house. (公园紧邻我的房子。
)3.town n. 镇，城镇a)固定搭配：a small town 小镇b)例句：I grew up in a small town in France. (我在法国的一个小镇长大。
)4.Canada n. 加拿大a)例句：Canada is a large country in North America. (加拿大是北美的一个大国。
)5.France n. 法国a)例句：The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in France. (埃菲尔铁塔是法国的著名地标。
)6.Japan n. 日本a)例句：Cherry blossoms are a symbol of spring in Japan. (樱花是日本的春天象征。
)7.Russia n. 俄罗斯a)例句：The Kremlin is located in the heart of Moscow, Russia. (克里姆林宫位于俄罗斯莫斯科的中心。
) abbr. (=United Kingdom) 英国a)例句：The UK is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, andNorthern Ireland. (英国由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
)9.London n. 伦敦a)例句：London is the capital city of the UK. (伦敦是英国的首都。
新标准大学英语第三册第一单元 词汇分类 Unit 1 words
• Reading skill: using narrative skills • Speaking skill: descriptive and narrating skills • Students will be encouraged to discover themselves by discussing the philosophical questions about life.
V. brace 使做好准备，支住 moor 停泊 brim 充满
criticize 批评 clamp 夹住，n，夹具，钳子 defy v违抗，经受得住
辨析： humorous adj 幽默 hummus n，鹰嘴豆泥 humidity n，湿度 humility n，谦虚，谦逊
Prompt adj， 不延迟，adv， 准时的 promote v促销，提升 pronto ad 现在，即刻
• A high flyer: refers to someone who has the ability and determination to continue to be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student.
v,提出，，，供考虑
capture v. n.抓住，捕获 captivity n,监禁 captain n, 船长
• 词组：
• • • • 一会儿： for a moment in a moment moments later
• at the moment=now • in a moment of 一时 • at the very moment 就在那时
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Chapter 1 名词1．分类：（1）专有名词——人、地方、机构的专有名称，中心词第一个字母大写；（2）普通名词：一类人或东西或一个抽象概念的名称；可分四类：a. 个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体；b. 集体名词——若干个体组合成的集合体的名称；c. 物质名词——表示无法分为个体的实物；d. 抽象名词——表示动作、情感、状态等抽象概念；个体名词可数名词普通名词集体名词物质名词名词不可数名词专有名词抽象名词注意：有些名词的类属要根据具体语境来进行判断试判断：IronAn ironGlassA glassAuthorityAn authority第一节名词的数【规则一】可数名词和不可数名名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词一般指可以用数目来计算的名词，如“apple”。
我们可以说“three apples”。
要注意的是，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却不可数，如news, furniture, bread, information等。
这时要表示“一个”这类概念，就需要加上a piece of 等短语作定语。
如：一条新闻 a piece of news 一份情报 a piece of information一点真理an atom of truth 一块面包 a piece of bread一块肥皂 a cake of soap 一根棒糖 a stick of candy一件家具a piece of furniture 一件衣裳an article of clothing一块煤 a piece of coal 一笔钱 a sum of money一点乐趣a bit of fun 一块巧克力a bar of chocolate一群牛 a herd of cattle 一页书 a page of book一片玻璃 a blade of glass 一件首饰 a piece of jewelry一滴雨 a drop of rain 一块冰 a lump of ice一把沙 a handful of sand 一道闪电a rush/flash of lightening名词考试衔接：1. Lightening is a _________ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud toanother. CET-4: 1996)A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon2. In a sudden ________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach. (2000)A. attackB. burstC. splitD. blast3. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give ________ you need. (2000)A. all the informationB. al the informationsC. all of informationD. all of the informations【规则二】集合名词表示若干个相同个体组成的一个集体的名称的词叫集合名词，army, audience, class, crowd, group, team, committee, family, board, staff, couple, crew, firm, government, jury, party, public等。
集合名词作主语，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；若表示整体中的个体成员，谓语动词要用复数。
由定冠词the加形容词构成的集合名词，其谓语动词通常要用复数。
例如：The audience are dressed differently.（集合名词表示个体概念）The audience is requested to remain seated during intermission. （集合名词表示整体概念）The poor live in terrible conditions.例题：1. The school staff _______ gathered to hear the president give the lecture.A. isB. areC. beD. will2. Class Three _______ unable to agree upon a monitor.A. areB. isC. beD. being【规则三】名词的不规则复数形式【1】个别名词的单复数形式是一样的，如Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, sheep, fish, deer, means, series, species, headquarters等。
这类名词要根据句意来判断它是单数还是复数，然后选择单数或复数谓语动词与之配合。
如：All possible means have been tried. （复数）This is the only means to solve the problem.（单数）【2】有些名词经常是带着-s收尾的，表示某一门学科。
这些名词有：economics（经济学），electronics（电子学），mathematics（数学），optics（光学），acoustics（声学），physics（物理学），politics（政治学），phonetics（语音学），statistics（统计学）等，通常都做单数看待，因此谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：physics is well taughtin this school.例题Economics, several course of which I have taken thus far, _______ to be difficult but useful for almost all students.A. proveB. have been provedC. provesD. are proved但是，当这类名词作“学科”以外解释时常作复数用。
例如：The economics of the project are still being considered.（指经济情况）The acoustics of this hall are faultless.（指音响装置或音响效果）His mathematics are weak.（指数学实践能力）第二节名词的格格（case）是个语法范畴，它表示名词（或代词）与其他词在句中的关系。
【规则一】名词普通格是指不带-s词尾的格的形式。
可以用作定语，一般采用单数形式，修饰另一个名词。
例如：a five-year plan, a million pound note.考试衔接：1. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _______ movie could not hold ourattention. (1996)A. three-hourB. three-hoursC. three-hours’D. three-hour’s2. I walked too much yesterday and________ are still aching now.( 1995)A. my leg’s musclesB. my muscles of legC. my leg musclesD. my muscles ofthe leg【规则二】名词所有格通常名词后加’s构成，多用来表示有生命的东西。
注意：【1】符合名在最后一个此后加’s, 如：my sister-in-law’s friend【2】作为一个整体的词组也是在做后一个此后加’s,如：someone else’s opinion例题1. The colonel reported to the __________ office.A. chief-of – staff’sB. chief’s-of-staff’sC. chiefs-of-staffsD. chief-of staff s’s2. We Should revise the article according to the______ requirements.A. editor-in-chief’sB. editor’s-in-chiefC. editor-in-chiefD. editors-in-chiefs【规则三】由两个或两个以上名词并列组成的词组，如在最后一个名词后加，表示并列名词的共有关系；若在各个名词后都加，即表示并列名次个体间的所有关系。
例如：Jack and Mary’s car. 杰克和玛丽共有的车Jack’s and Mary’s cars 杰克的车和玛丽的车例题The woman over there is ________.A. Julia and Mary motherB. Julia and Mary’s motherC. Julia’s and Mary’s MotherD. mother of Julia and Mary’s【规则四】动名词的逻辑主语如果是名词，一般用名词加’s属格。
例如：Tom’s calling Mary made her very angry, so she hung up on him.考试衔接：________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. (CET-4;1999.1 Q-45)A. the girl’s being educatedB. the girl educatedC. The girl was educatedD. The girl to be educated【规则五】凡不能加’s 的名词，都可与of 构成短语，表示所有关系；有后置定语的名词多用of所有格表示所有关系；表示人、动物、集体、机构、组织等的名词都可以用of 所有格来代替’s所有格。
可以加’s的名词也可改用of加名词的所有格形式。
例如：Her family’s background= the background of her familyDo you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?The people’s support = the support of the people注意：Of 属格的意义和用法与’s属格有许多相识之处，但是of属格在用法上又不能和’s完全等同起来。