高考英语 语法复习专题 (重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练)名词和主谓一致
（一）分类
（二）转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻辑意义一致原则What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at English?
Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Twenty pounds is too dear.
如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式
Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。
I don’t think physics is easy to study.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。
The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
就近/远一致原则当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?
the re be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.
No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
名词考点聚焦
名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、
熟词新意也经常涉及。因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.
A. too much
B. a number of
C. plenty of
D. a good many
【解析】答案为C。“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B和D两个选项。根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。”选择答案C。too much
意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___
pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large
amount of
【解析】答案为B。【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大
量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中
的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
①Most air pollution is caused by the burning of___ _ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels
B. articles
C. goods
D. products
【解析】答案为A。由题干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案A项意为“燃料”。articles意为“物品”；goods意为“货物、商品”；products意为“产品”。
②To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,
the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our”.
A. Sky
B. Life
C. Arts
D. Voices
【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的声音，因此用“voices”。
③—Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment
B. situation
C. place
D. chance
【解析】答案为A。句意：“我们出去散散步好吗？”“对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意为“某一时刻，片刻”；situation意为“情
形，状况”；place意为“地方”；chance意为“机会”。
④The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .
A. atmosphere
B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
【解析】答案为A。句意：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere 意为“气氛，氛围”；state意为“状态”；situation意为“形势，局面”；phenomenon
意为“现象”。
⑤What’s the of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or
even simply hang out for a
while?
A. sense
B. matter
C. case
D. opinion
【解析】答案为A。本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意为“意义、意识”；matter意为“问题，麻
烦”；case意为“情况，问题”；opinion意为“意见，看法”。四个选项中只有A
项符合语境。
二是考查搭配方面的辨析：主要考查固定句型中的名词、名词与动词的搭配以及名词与介词的搭配等。
①The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living
after graduation.
A. prediction
B. promise
C. plan
D. contribution
【解析】答案为B。句意：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make
a promise意为“许诺、答应”其后的“that”从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行
词“promise”的内容，其它选项不合句意。
②I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real .
A. exchange
B. bargain
C. trade
D. business
【解析】答案为B。bargain用作名词时，意为“廉价货，便宜货”，a real bargain意为“真便宜”。
③It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use
B. help
C. time
D. way
【解析】答案为A。“it is no use后接动词+ing形式”或“动词+ing形式短语”表示“做某事没有用”。
④I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ________ to me.
A. meaning
B. importance
C. sense
D. significance 【解析】答案为C。因为make sense意为“有意义、讲得通、有道理”是固定习语。
⑤Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ________ of litt le children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
【解析】答案为B。within one’s reach意为“伸手拿（够）得到”，是习语。
主谓一致考点聚焦
◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are
B. is
C. being
D. to be
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
◆one, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to go
to university.
—So do I.
A. hope
B. hopes
C. hoping
D. hoped
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。
◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致
①—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ________invited.
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。
②A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明指的是同一个人，应为单数。
◆定语从句中的主谓一致
He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可
知应使用现在完成时。
◆quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of g ood earth ______ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
◆the number of与a number of的区别
①As you can see, the number of cars on our roads__________ rising these days.
A. was keeping
B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping
【解析】答案为C。在“the num ber of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。
②Now adays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _______ in the clothing industry.
A. is working
B. works
C. work
D. worked
【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays 可知应使用一般现在时。
◆分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致
①The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_____ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【解析】答案为D。“one-third”是指“20台笔记本中的三分之一”，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。
【答案】
②_____ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
【解析】答案为C。分子大于“1”时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式，并且分数修饰的是不可数名词“land”，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆倒装句中的主谓一致
①At the foot of the mountain ________.
A. a village lie
B. lies a village
C. does a village lie
D. lying a village
【解析】答案为B。这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是“a village”。
②On top of the books_______the photo album you’re looking for.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
【解析】答案为A。作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。
◆表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致
A survey of the opinions of experts _________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.
A. show; are
B. shows; is
C. show; is
D. shows; are
【解析】答案为B。主句中的主语是“A survey”为单数，后有“of”短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是“three hours”，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语
动词用单数形式。
◆一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致
Every possible means _____to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
【解析】C。答案为“means”前有“every”修饰，说明是单数；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。
◆由连词“or， eit her…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，whether…or…”
等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）
Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
【解析】答案为D。“either…or…”连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近的主语保持一致，锁定答案为A或D项。根据句意颁奖这一行为尚未发生，故选择D项。
◆主语后有“as well as， no less than， with， along with， together with， rather
than， but， except， including”等短语作插入语时的主谓一致（遵循就远一致原则）,
即跟它们前面的主语一致。
①We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________
so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
【解析】答案为A。主语“time”和谓语动词之间插入了“of”短语作定语来迷惑考生，必须分析句子成分和结构才能慧眼识别出主语为“the time”。
②The father as well as his three children_________skating on the frozen river every
Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D. are going
【解析】答案为C。本题的主语是“father”，“as well as”短语是插入成分，其后的名词不是主语的一部分。
1.When I was a child, my parents often taught me how to deal with dangerous .
A. organizations
B. situations
C. regulations
D.
positions
【答案与解析】B situation“情形，境遇”；organization“组织”；regulation“规
章，条例”；position“位
置，职位”。
2.It is said that the police have offered a large for information leading
to the robber’s arrest.
A. award
B. prize
C. reward
D.
welfare
【答案与解析】C reward指对提供信息帮助抓捕盗贼的人应给予报酬、酬谢。welfare“福利”；award
表示因成绩优异或表现好而“获奖”；prize表示在比赛中因获胜而“得
奖”。由此可知，最佳答案为C。句意：据说警察已为逮捕该盗贼而提供
的信息提供重谢。
3. The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad on the employer.
A. impression
B. expression
C. experience
D. opinion 【答案与解析】A make a bad impression on sb. 给某人留下不好的印象。
4. Surely you can find the museum, for it is within easy of your hotel.
A. walk
B. reach
C. distance
D. space
【答案与解析】B within easy reach 在附近(距离不远) 。句意为：你一定会找到那个博物馆的，因为离你的宾馆很近。
5.Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. comparison
B. possession
C. preference
D. advantage
【答案与解析】C 句意为：我们每个人都有可能养成对某些娱乐活动的偏爱。preference 意为：偏爱，爱好。符合语境。
6.Much to the of the worried parents, their son finally came back safe and
sound.
A. relief
B. regret
C. anger
D. disappointment
【答案与解析】 A relief 安慰、宽慰。句意为：使这位焦虑的母亲大为宽慰的是，她们的儿子终于安然无恙地回来了。regret 遗憾、后悔；anger愤怒；
disappointment失望。
7.Apart from his monthly salary as a sales manager, he also gets a travel ________ that covers hotel bills.
A. insurance
B.
circumstance C. allowance D. competence
【答案与解析】C travel allowance 出差补贴。句意为：作为一名销售经理，除了他的月薪以外，他还有出差补贴。insurance 保险，.
circumstance 环境，competence 能力，权限。
8.Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a _______ as if he doesn't
know
what he really wants to.
A. fantasy
B. contradiction
C. dilemma
D. conflict
【答案与解析】C 句意：杰克很不果断，他总是觉得自己处在进退两难的境地，好像他不知道自己真的想干什么。fantasy“幻想”；contradiction “矛盾”；
dilemma“困境；进退两难”；conflict“冲突；矛盾”。 dilemma符合
题意。
9.A hot cup of tea on such a cold night was a real ________ to me.
A. respect
B. moment
C. comfort
D. fortune 【答案与解析】C 在寒冷的日子里喝上一杯热茶应该是令人舒服的事，所以用comfort。
respect尊敬；moment时刻；fortune财产；运气。
10.In order to put an end to poverty, the World Bank has switched its ______ to
providing technical assistance and
long-term loans to developing countries.
A. concern
B. process
C. struggle
D. focus
【答案与解析】D focus 意思是：焦点，重点。句意为：为了结束贫穷，世界银行已经把【工作的】重点转移到向发展中国家提供技术帮助和长期的贷款。11.—Mr. Anderson is popular with his students, for he is kind, strict and
knowledgeable.
—No wonder he has such a good ___.
A. expectation
B. contribution
C. reputation
D. regulation
【答案与解析】C 第一个人所说的：因为和蔼、要求严格、知识渊博而深受学生欢迎应该是声望高的原因，因此选C，意思是：声望、名望。expectation 期待、
期望；contribution贡献；regulation 规则。
12.There’s no doubt that the past years have seen _______of the progress in economy
of the country , as more and more people moved into new houses.
A. impressions
B. views
C. signs
D. features
【答案与解析】C sign 迹象。怪不得这些年见证了这个国家经济进步的迹象，因为越来越多的人们喜迁新居。impression 印象；view 观点、景色；feature特
征。
13.Courageous people think quickly and act without .
A. anxiety
B. consideration
C. delay
D. intention
【答案与解析】C without delay意为：毫不迟疑地。句意为：勇敢的人思维敏捷，行动果断。
14.—I really admire the people full of . I'm always tired.
—You’d better take more exercise.
A. power
B. strength
C. force
D. energy
【答案与解析】D full of energy，意思是：充满活力的。句意为:----我很羡慕那些充满活力的人。我总是感到很疲劳。---你应该进行更多的训练。
15.The event not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but also raised a lot of
money to help starving people.
A. information
B. knowledge
C. instruction
D. awareness
【答案与解析】C awareness 意识。句意为：这个事件不仅能够提升人们对于世界饥饿的意识，而且也筹集了更多的资金来帮助那些饥饿的人们。information 信
息，knowledge 知识；instruction指示，命令。
16.It’s really a ____________ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.
A. challenge
B. puzzle
C. failure
D. disadvantage
【答案与解析】A句意：对于一个青少年来说中学毕业后去国外学习确实是个挑战。
puzzle“难题”；failure“失败”；和disadvantage“缺点；不利条件”
均不符合题意，challenge“挑战”符合题意。
17.This restaurant has become popular for its wide___ of foods that suit all tastes
and pockets.
A. range
B. circle
C. area
D. division
【答案与解析】A range范围。句意：这家饭店因为其适合各种口味和不同经济水平的食品
而变得很深受欢迎。circle 阶层，领域；area 领域，方面；division部门，界限。
18.In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the____ between life and death.
A. division
B. difference
C. separation
D.
sense
【答案与解析】B make the difference be tween …and…。意思是：在……和……之间有生差别。句意为：发生自然灾害时，几分钟甚至几秒钟的提前警告，都
能产生生死之别。
19.AIDS control and prevention is a to Chi na as well as the whole world.
A. surprise
B. challenge
C. reaction
D.
threat
【答案与解析】B challenge挑战。符合语境。句意为：艾滋病的治疗和预防对于我们中国和整个世界来说都是一个巨大的挑战。surprise 【一件】惊讶的事；
reaction 反应；threat 威胁。
20.So far, I haven't adapted to the fast of the life in Toronto.
A. step
B. style
C. pace
D. manner 【答案与解析】C step 步伐，style 风格；pace步速、节奏， manner习惯，方式。句意为：到目前为止，我还没有适应多伦多快节奏的生活。
21.Rose is Mr. Smith's secretary, so she has _______ to all his business e-mails.
A. power
B. account
C. way
D. access
【答案与解析】D access 接触，使用。句意为：Rose是史密斯先生的秘书，所以他有权阅读他的商务邮件。power 力；account 账号； way 方法。
22.—Would you like this gold necklace, Madam?
—It's beautiful, but out of my price ___.
A. control
B. reach
C. aim
D. range
【答案与解析】D out of range在……的范围外。句意为：--夫人，你要买这件首饰吗？
---很漂亮，但是超出了【我提供的】价格范围。
23.The local government provided _______ for the homeless soon after the flood.
A. possessions
B. accommodations
C. souvenirs
D. groceries
【答案与解析】B 既然是帮助无家可归者，那么四个选项中只有accommodation（住处、
膳宿）符合。句意为：洪水过后，当地政府向无家可归者提供了住所。
possession 财产；souvenir 纪念品；grocery 食品杂货店。
24. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ______.
A. convenience
B. consideration
C. interruption
D. imagination
【答案与解析】A at one’s convenience 意思是：在某人方便的时候。句意为：你们所
提供的任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。
25.Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A. who is
B. that is
C. who are
D. whom are
【答案与解析】C 此处为强调句型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构”It is
／was+被强调部分+ that／who+其他”，首先排除D；谓语的单复数根据
所强调的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，
因此根据you确定谓语为are。
26.The family as well as their dog ________ on the roof by the flood.
A. was trapped
B. trapped
C. were trapped .
D. trapping
【答案与解析】C 分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使
用，后面的成分不能做主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，
所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意为：
那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。
27.Britain ____ many other industrialized countries, ____ major changes over the
last 100 years.
A. together with; have experienced
B. as well as; have
experienced
C. in common with; has experienced
D. instead of; has
experienced
【答案与解析】C
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。in common with意为“和……一样”,谓语动词单复数跟前
面的主语保持一直。句意：与其它工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里
经历了重大的变化。 A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及
用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，
不合句意。
28.Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_______ sent to the
disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A. has been
B. have been
C. is being
D. are
being
【答案与解析】A 这里的主语是Some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
时间状语为since+过去时，所以用完成时。
29. All possible means , but we can’t persuade him to change his mind.
A. has tried
B. has been tried
C. have
tried D. have been tried
【答案与解析】D mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表复数。排除A和B。所有可能
的方法都（被）试了，要用被动语态。
30.What the remote areas need ________education to children and what the children
need ________good
textbooks at the moment.
A. is; are
B. are; is
C. was; were
D. were; was
【答案与解析】A what引导的名词性从句作主语时，是单数还是复数由后面的意义决定。
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 答案：The instructor kept repeating the word words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on of the road. 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 答案：When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies. 4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案：My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty. 5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 答案：If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. 6．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 答案：The teenage year years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 7．(2016·高考四川卷)，but she has to do most of the houseworks. 答案：，but she has to do most of the houseworks housework. 8．(2016·高考浙江卷)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：When I was a very young children child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 答案：Now I am leaving home to for college. 10．My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案：My soccer coach retired last week.
2017高三英语40篇语法填空题(高考新题型)
40篇英语短文语法填空题 1. Fall in Love with English 1 (hide) behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk 2 there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this 3 h e was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through 4 any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and 5 (dislike) joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up 6 over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly 7 he was suffering from, but entirely 8 (agree) with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle 9 problem, she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to 10 (study) English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words.Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English. 2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes V oyages of people from England play an important part in spreading 1 English language. At present, English is frequently spoken 2 an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All 3 (base) on British English, the English spoken in these countries can 4 (understand) well by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes 5 （change）gradually in accents, spellings, expressions and the 6 (use) of vocabulary. Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell 7 country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands 8 driver, ―Come up straight to my apartment by elevator 9 take some gas for my trucks and cabs‖, instead of requesting, ―Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis‖, you can recognize his American identity, 10 the latter suggests that he is British. 3. A Hard Trip My sister was fond of traveling. Ever since graduating, she 1 (determine) to organize a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to use a bicycle to cycle there not 2 (care) about the disadvantages. 3 stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Once she made up her mind to do something, no one could persuade her to change her mind. Finally, we gave in 4 usual though we preferred to take a train. 5 we prepared everything, including the schedule, 6 (rely) weather forecast and the insurance, we began our trip. Our journey was along a river 7 (flow) from a high altitude. Our pace was slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends through deep valleys, 8 the water seemed to boil. Just as I recorded in my journal, it was really 9 hard
初中英语语法主谓一致
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
高考英语语法综合练习 主谓一致
[主谓一致] 高考语法综合练习 选用括号内适当的动词。 1.Two hours__________(is,are)not long enough for this test. 2.One and a half apples__________(is,are)left on the table. 3.One and a half days__________(is,are)all I can spare. 4.There__________(is,are)two pairs of glasses on the table. 5.Traffic police__________(is,are)always very busy. 6.The English__________(likes,like)to be with their family at Christmas. 7.His family__________(is,are)all very well. 8.About twenty percent of the students in our class__________(is,are)girls. 9.All__________(is,are)here.Let's start our meeting. 10.What the children want__________(is,are)storybooks. 11.This is the one of the books on the subject that__________(has,have)ever been written in Chinese. 12.Bread and butter__________(is,are)a daily food in the west. 13.No man and no woman__________(is,are)going to do such a shameful thing. 14.Not only my brother but also I__________(am,is)going there. 15.Mary as well as her classmates__________(has,have)learned to drive a tractor. 16.There__________(is,are)more than one answer to your question. 17.Two thirds of the population of the city__________(is,are)immigrants(移民). 18.The students each__________(has,have)a dictionary. 参考答案： 1.is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。 2.are。如果“one and a half+复数名词”作主语,指时间时谓语用单数,如下题。
名词 高考英语语法重点归纳
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
高考英语语法专题名词.doc
语法部分 第二部分语法专题讲析 专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016 ·天津 ]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015 ·江苏 ]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词 have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有??意识 have a feeling of有??感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑?? take advantage of利用；趁??之机 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与??取得 /失去联系 get relief 得到缓解 give a solution 给出解决方案 put...into practice将??付诸行动
高考英语语法填空：历年语法填空真题20套
最新高考英语考前冲刺语法填空短文改错精准训练历年语法填空真题20套Passage 1(2019课标全国I) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ? 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ? 答案： 1 that 2 poorly 3 of/for 4 to perform 5 have reported
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
高考英语复习：语法 一、名词
高考高频语法复习 一、名词 对应学生用书p158 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 3．(2019·浙江卷)Other American studies showed no ________(connect) between uniforms and school performance. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)． 5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. [答案与解析] 1．belief。考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。 2．competition。考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 3．connection/connections。考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。
(完整)高中英语语法填空20篇
（1） In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und T axis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always
高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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高考英语语法主谓一致专题讲解练习含答案
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致原则 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ?To study French well is not easy. 学好法语不容易。 ?What he said is very important for us all. 他说的话对我们大家很重要。 【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 ?What I bought were three Chinese books. 我买的是三本中文书。 ?What I say and do are helpful to you. 我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。 2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。 ?Both she and he are middle school students. 他和她都是中学生。 【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 ?The writer and artist has come. 那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。 ?To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 ?No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：