北京语言大学832普通语言学科目模拟试题(一)

北京语言大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业832普通语言学科目模拟试题（一）Part 1. Answer the following questions and write down your answers on your answer sheet. (共50分)1.write down the correct sound segments according to the sounddescriptions.(1)voiced bilabial plosive sound：——(2)voiceless alveolar fricative:——(3)high front tense unrounded vowel:——(4)mid central lax unrounded vowel:——(5)mid central vowel to high back vowel:——2.write down the correct phonetic detail about the underlining part. （1） help:______（2） play:———（3） tenth：———（4） button:_______（5） button:________3.write down the word formation process on your answer sheet.(1)smog:______(2)bike:______(3)WTO:______(4)Editor:______(5)Sputnik:_______4.Make sure the sense relations between different words(1)word & universe:_______(2)warm & cool:--------(3)alive & dead:______(4)buy & sell:_______(5)animal & cow:______5.please write down the meanings of meaning in G. Leech’s opinion.(1)what is communicated through association with another sense ofthe same expression.________(2)what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes ofthe speaker or writer.________(3)what is communicated by virtue of what languages refersto._______(4)logical, cognitive, or denotative content______(5)what is communicated of the social circumstances oflanguage use._______Part 2. Fill the blanks with the correct answers.(50分)1. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.2.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.nguage has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.4.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________ theory.5.Linguistics is the __________ study of language.6.Modern linguistics is __________ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.7.----refers to the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language.8.The description of a language as it changes through time is a __________ study.9.Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.10.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s __________.11.The process involving an alternation in the sequence of sunds is ------.12.The relation between “dog” and “animal”is that of -------.13.In English the theme and theme are expressed by ____and______.14.The language knowledge of UG related to a particular language is known as_____.15.A relation holding between elements replacement with each other at a particular place in a structure is called_______.Part3 Definitions.(20分)(1)Duarity(2)Phoneme(3)Morphology(4)Concord(5)Connotative meaningPart 4. answer the following questions （30分）（1） what are the main concerns of semantics?（2）In what ways do people cooperate in theirconversations?北京语言大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业832普通语言学科目模拟试题（一）参考答案Part1.1.[b][s][i:][ə][ei]2.velarization, Devoicing, Nasalaization, Glottalization, Syllabification3.Blending, Abbreviation, Acronymy, Back-formation, Borrowing4.Synonymy. Gradable antonymy, Complementary Antonymy, Converse Antonymy.Hyponymy.5. Reflected meaning,Affective meaning, Connotative meaning, Conceptual meaning, social meaning.Part21.human2.recusive3. metalingual4. yo-he-ho5.scientific6. descriptive7.phoneme 8. diachronic 9. langue 10. competence 11.metathesis 12.hyponymy13. subject predicate 14.parameters 15. paradigmatic relation.Part31.Duarity: It means the property of having two levels of structures, sucn thatunits of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels there is a structure of sounds , which are meaningless by themselves. But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meanig, which are found at higher level of the system. To talk about duarity we must notice that langusage is heirarchical.2.Phoneme:it is a basic unit of phonological study, which refers to the explicitsound contrast:the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts.3.Morphology: it is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structureof words and the rules by which words are formed. Morphology mainly concerns the inflectional and derivational reseaching fields.4.concord:it is also called agreement; it is a syntactic relation between wordsand phrases which are compatible, in a given construction, by virture of inflections carried by at least one of them. There are two types of concord:notional agreement and grammatical agreement.5.connotative meaning:it means what is communicated by virtue of what languagerefers to, which was firstly put forward by G. Leech.Part4.1.Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concernedwith meaning of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it, e.g.meaning of morphemes and sentences.The following are waht the key concepets look like:semantic components, denotation of words, sense relations between words such as atonomu ans synonymy,sense relations betwwen sentences such as entailment and presupposition.2.Herbert Paul Grice noticed that in daily conversations people do not ususallysay things directly but tend to imply them.we follow the cooperative principle:Quantity; Quality;Relation:Manner.。