[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编103.doc

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考研英语历年翻译真题

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

考研英语翻译历年真题

1、1994年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.According to the new school of scientists; technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71Science moves forward; they say; not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72 "In short" ; a leader of the new school contends; "the scientific revolution; as we call it; was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "73Over the years; tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo; Newton; Maxwell; Einstein; and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to; and derived great benefit from; craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes ; genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy; an astronomer of the second century; whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 74 Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story; according to the new school of scientists; was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses .Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. 75Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa 反之 often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.精美译文新学派的科学家认为;技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量..71他们说;科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识;不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西..72新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之;我们所称谓的科学革命;主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用;这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及..73工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了..为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说;像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅..鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用..那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心..74伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空;以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转;而不是围绕地球..但是;在新学派科学家看来;这件事中真正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改进和发展..联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去..75政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入;还是相反;这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量..题目解析：71 、Science moves forward; they say; not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.结构分析：宾语从句的主句Science // moves forward; // 主句插入结构they say; // 并列结构 1 not so much 原因状语结构through // 多重定语the insights / of great men / of genius // 并列结构2 as 原因状语结构because of // more ordinary things // 举例like / improved techniques and tool.词义推敲：move forward：向前发展..they say：间接引语作插入结构——前置..they：指代the new school of scientists技巧：单复数对应：according to – saynot so much... as... 是as … as …和……一样多的否定形式;理解为：“与其……倒不如……”..through因为技巧：not so much... as是个并列结构;也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同;所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为;由于..the insights / of great men / of genius：天才伟人的真知灼见..多重后置定语——后浪推前浪;从后往前翻译..insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 洞察力；心智的敏锐——真知灼见;远见卓识genius：天才more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things;也是先翻译定语;再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西..like：such as参考译文：新学派科学家们说;科学之所以发展;与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见;不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西..得分重点：插入结构;并列结构;原因状语结构72、 "In short" ; a leader of the new school contends; "the scientific revolution; as we call it; was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "结构分析：直接引语作宾语从句介词短语作状语“In short;” // 主句a leader / of the new school // contends; // “直接引语中的主语the scientific revolution; // 插入结构as we call it; 直接引语中的谓语// was largely // 多重定语the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments // 定语从句主语that // 谓语expanded // the reach / of science // 介词短语作方式状语in innumerabledirection.”词义推敲：in short 简而言之a leader of the new school contends：新学派的一位领导人物说/认为school学派..contend：to maintain or assert 主张或声称the scientific revolution：科学革命revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大变革在一情况下的突然或瞬时改变as we call it我们所称之谓的;我们所说的largely：for the most part; mainly 大部分地；主要地the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments 一系列器具的改进、发明和使用..a series of一系列expand扩大;张开reach range or scope of influence or effect. 影响力产生影响或效果的范围或领域参考译文：“简而言之”;新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说;“我们所谓的科学革命;主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用;而这些改进、发明和使用 / 这使科学发展的范围无所不及 / 使科学发展无所不及 / 在无数方面拓展了科学的领域..”得分重点：插入结构;定语从句;方式状语73 、Over the years; tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.结构分析：73 介词短语作时间状语Over the years; // 主语tools and technology / 反身代词themselves // 后置定语as / 多重定语 a source of / fundamental innovation 谓语 // 被动结构have largely been ignored // 方式状语by historians / and philosophers of science.词义推敲：over the years 多年来a source of fundamental innovation：根本革新的源泉fundamental：of or relating to the foundation or base; elementary 基础的基础或基本的或与此有关的；根本的innovation：the act of introducing something new 革新介绍新东西的行为tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ... 很大程度上被忽视philosophers of science 科学思想家们参考译文：多年来;工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了..得分重点：反身代词;被动结构74、 Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.结构分析：74 主句专有名词Galileo's greatest glory // was // 表语从句that 时间状语in 1609 // 从句主句he // was // the first person // 多重定语to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens // 目的状语to prove // 宾语从句that 并列结构1 主语the planets // 谓语revolve // around the sun // rather than 并列结构 2 省略结构revolvearound the earth.词义推敲：Galileo 伽利略——专有名词greatest glory was that：最伟大的成就是glory：a highly praiseworthy asset 引以为豪的东西——成就;业绩;贡献that：引导表语从句不做成分;没有实际含义..而汉语又没有这样的形式上的要求;所以不译..turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens 把新发明的望远镜对准天空turn … on 转向——对准;观察to prove that：用以证明;去证明that 引导宾语从句;既不作成分;也没有实际含义..rather than而不是the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth 行星围绕太阳转;而不是围绕地球转revolve：绕转;旋转参考译文：伽利略的最光辉业绩/伟大的成就在于他在1609年/在1609年他是第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空;以证实/证明行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的..得分重点：表语从句;宾语从句;专有名词;并列结构75、Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa 反之often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.结构分析：75、并列结构 1 主语从句 Whether // 主语the Government // 谓语should increase // 多重定语the financing of / pure science 介词短语作状语结构/ at the expense of / technology // 并列结构2 or // 固定短语vice versa // 状语结构often // 谓语depends on // the issue/ of 宾语从句which // 指代关系被动结构is seen // as the driving force.词义推敲：whether … or …究竟是……还是……the Government：特指Federal Government..increase the financing of：增加对……的资金投入finance：to supply funds to 给…提供资金pure science 纯理论科学at the expense of 由……付费;以……为代价vice versa 反之亦然 relations being reversedincrease the financing of pure science at the expense of technology － vice versa 还是通过 / 以减少对纯理论科学的投入而增加对技术的投入 // 还是相反the issue of：……问题issue：a point or matter of discussion; debate; or dispute 争议;辩论争议、争论、争执的要点或事件of which：它们中的pure science 和technology中的哪一个引导宾语从句;因为：1、which 是宾语从句的主语;而不是定语从句的宾语；2、of which 的结构无法还原到后面的从句；3、which不等于issue;不是定语从句引导词;而是疑问代词..is seen as：被动结构;可以翻译成主动结构——“把哪一方看成”the driving force 驱动力参考译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入/牺牲技术作为代价来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入;还是相反;这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量..得分重点：主语从句;并列结构;宾语从句;被动结构2、1995年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting; classifying; assigning; or promoting students; employees; and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books; magazines; the daily press; and even in congress. 71The target is wrong; for in attacking the tests; critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools ; with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable ; meaningless; or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades; research productivity; sales records; or whatever is appropriate. 72How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ; reliability ; and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick; objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned ; the skills he has developed; or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has; qualitatively; the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73Whether to use tests. other kinds of information; or both in a particular situation depends; therefore; upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74In general; the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used; they provide a rapid means of getting comparableinformation about many people Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized; but there are many things they do not do.75For example; they do not compensate for gross social inequality; and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.精美译文：标准化教育测试或心理同在广泛应用于协助选拔、委派或提拔学生、雇员和军事人员;这些测试一直是某些人近年来在书本、杂志、日报;甚至国会中进行抨击的目标..71把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的;因为在抨击这类测试时;批评者没有注意到其弊病来自测试使用者对测试不解或使用不当..这些测试本身只是一种工具..它的各种特性可以在规定条件下用适当的精度来测定..测试的结果是在有价值的、无意义的、还是误导的;部分取决于这种工具本身;但主要取决于测试使用者..所有对未来表现的有见识地的预测都是以在某种程度上了解有关过去的表现为基础的:学校学习成绩、研究效益、销售记录或任何符合需要的信息..72这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实;这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性;以及解释这些信息的技能和才智..任何仔细记分的人都知道;所得到的信息总是不完全的;而且这些预测也总是会有错误的..应该根据这种观点去考察标准化测试..标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法;这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能;或者他是属于哪一类型的人..这样得到的信息;从性质上讲;与其它种类的信息一样具有优点或缺点..73因此;在某一特定情况下;究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息;或是两者兼用;须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定;也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素..74一般来说;当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时;测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时;测试的效果则最差..这些测试如能恰当使用;就能提供一种快速的方法来获得有关许多人的可比性信息..有时这些测试能鉴别出一些学生;他们很高的潜在能力过去一直没有被承认..但是也有入场多事情这些测试是不能胜任的..75例如;测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此;它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人;如果在较好的环境下成长的话;会有多大才干..题目解析：71 、The target is wrong; for in attacking the tests; critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.结构分析：71 主句The target // is // wrong; // 原因状语从句for // 状语结构in // attacking // the tests; // 从句的主句critics // divert attention from // the fault // 定语从句主语that // 谓语固定短语lies with // ill-informed / or incompetent users.词义推敲：The target 根据上下文;这里特指标准化测试for in attacking the tests：因为在抨击测试的过程中for：因为in：在…过程中attack：攻击;抨击..critics：one who forms and expresses judgments of the merits; faults; value; or truth of a matter 评论家形成并表达对某一事物的优点、错误、价值或真实性的判断的人divert attention from 原义是引开;引申为没有注意到;忽略lies with 在于ill-informed 不甚了解;消息不灵通的参考译文：把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的;因为在抨击这类测试时;批评者没有注意到 / 忽略了测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当 / 批评家没有注意到错误是由消息不灵通或者不能胜任的使用者造成的..得分重点：插入结构;原因状语从句;定语从句72 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ; reliability ; and appropriateness of theinformation used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.结构分析：72 主语从句How well // 从句的主语the predictions // 从句的谓语被动结构will be validated // by later performance // 谓语并列结构1 固定短语depends upon // 多重定语the amount; / reliability; / and appropriateness // of the information / used // 并列结构2 and 省略结构dependson // the skill / and wisdom // 定语从句with which // 指代关系it // 被动结构is interpreted.词义推敲：How well the predictions will be validated by：在多大程度上为……所证实be validated by：为……所证实..被动结构——最好少用“被”字..validate：to establish the soundness of; orroborate 证实建立…的正确性；确证depends upon 取决于the amount; reliability; and appropriateness of the information used：所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性amount：a number 数字；数量reliability 可靠性;信度——validity效度appropriate：suitable for a particular person; condition; occasion; or place; fitting 适合于…的适合于某特定的人;条件;事件或地点的；适宜的with which it is interpreted定语从句Which指代the skill and wisdom..it指代the information..参考译文：这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实;这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性;以及解释这些信息的技能和才智..得分重点：主语从句;被动结构;并列结构;省略结构;定语从句73、Whether to use tests. other kinds of information; or both ina particular situation depends; therefore; upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.结构分析：73 主语并列结构 1 Whether // to use // tests; / other kinds of information; // 并列结构2 or 省略结构to use指代关系both // 方式状语in a particular situation // 谓语固定短语并列结构11depends; // 插入结构therefore; // upon // 多重定语the evidence / from experience / concerning comparative validity // 并列结构22 and 省略结构dependsupon // 举例such factors // as cost / and availability.词义推敲：Whether to use ...; or to use 究竟是使用……还是使用……or both：或是两者兼用both：指代前句的tests; other kinds of informationin a particular situation 在某一特定情况下particular：separate and distinct from others of the same group; category; or nature 特定的;个别的与同一团体、范畴或种类的其他部分分离和区分出来的the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity：多重后置定语——后浪推前浪;可以翻译为：“关于相对效度的来自经验的证据”such factors as... 诸如……等因素参考译文：因此;在某一特定情况下;究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息;或是两者兼用;须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定/取决于与相对效度有关的来自经验的证据;也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素..得分重点：并列结构;省略结构;插入结构74、In general; the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.结构分析：74 介词短语作状语结构In general; // 主句并列结构1 the tests //work // most effectively // 时间状语从句when // 从句的主语the qualities / 非谓语作后置定语to be measured // 谓语被动结构can be most precisely defined // 并列结构 2 and 省略结构the tests workleast effectively // 时间状语从句when // 从句中的主语从句what // 指代关系is to be measured or predicted // 谓语被动结构can not be well defined.词义推敲：In general 一般的说;大体上work most effectively 最为有效the qualities to be measured：所要测定的特征qualities：特征;特性;品质;品德..作“质量”解时;是抽象名次;没有复数..measure：测量; 测度; 估量; 分派; 权衡; 调节be most precisely defined：很精确界定..precisely 精确地;恰好地;明确地definite：to specify distinctly 清楚地规定and least effectively：测试效果最差..省略了前面的the tests workwhat is to be measured or predicted not be well defined：当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地定义时参考译文：一般的说;当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时;测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时;测试的效果则最差..得分重点：并列结构;时间状语从句;被动结构;省略结构;主语从句75For example; they do not compensate for gross social inequality; and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.结构分析：75 状语结构举例For example; // 主语 they // 并列结构 1 do not compensate for // gross social inequality; // 并列结构2 and thus // do not tell // 宾语从句how able // 从句的主语an underprivileged youngster // 谓语might have been // 虚拟条件句的倒装结构had he grown up // 介词短语作状语结构under more favorable circumstances.词义推敲：they 指代“测试”compensate for 弥补compensate：to serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance 补偿;弥补作为代替品或平衡物使用或提供gross social inequality 明显的/巨大的社会不公gross：glaringly obvious; flagrant 公然的十分明显的；罪恶昭着的inequality：不公平;不平等tell：说明;表明underprivileged youngster：物质条件差的/处于社会底层的/没有特权的年轻人had he grown up = if he had grown up虚拟语气中条件句的倒装grow up：成长;兴起;形成under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下circumstance：the sum of determining factors beyond willful control 客观形势;情况除意志控制外的决定因素的总和favorable：有利的;赞成的;讨人喜欢的参考译文：例如;测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此它们不能说明如果一个物质条件差的年轻人;如果在较好的环境下成长的话;会有多大才干/多么的有本事/多么的能干..得分重点：并列结构;宾语从句;虚拟语气的倒装结构3、1996年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.71Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of socialneeds. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some ; how-ever ; are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take; by persons in authority; act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72This trend began during the Second World War; when several govemments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted; however; that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scien-tific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.73This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support ; like all government support ; requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utilityis more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science; but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally; the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74However; the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past; giving rise to new standards of elegance.精美译文：科学研究的各种领域的相关发展;存在若干原因..71在这些原因中;有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求..另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果..然而;有些发展速度的差异其原因就不尽合理;这是因为某些权威人干对科学理论研究应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法;这些想法起了改变不同科学领域的发展模式的作用..这是一个新问题;也许并非是不可避免的问题;但其趋势却令人担忧..72这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间;当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的..然而;人们可以预见;往往会出现一些问题要求科学做出具体的回答..因此;将科研机构视为一种资源或一台机器;应维持其良好的运行状态..这样做通常是很有价值的..73给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持;看来通常能有效地解决这个问题..此种资助也与所有政府资助一样;需要决定合适的投资对象..根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的..但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中;要做出抉择就特别困难..资助机构的目标是支持“好”的科学;而不资助“坏”的科学;那是值得赞扬的..然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的..人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来..74然而;世界就是如此;完美的体系一般是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的..75同过去一样;将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象;给完美以新的标准..题目解析：71 Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.结构分析：71 并列结构1 Some of / these causes // are // completely 多重定语reasonable results / of social needs. 简单句并列结构2 Others // are // 多重定语reasonable consequences of / particular advances // in science / 分词短语作后置定语being / to some extent / self-accelerating.词义推敲：some of these causes：其中一些原因cause：the producer of an effect; result; or consequence 缘故;原因一种影响、结果或后果的制造者result：the consequence of a particular action; operation; or course; an outcome 结果;后果一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果；结果others：指代关系.. = other causes 其它原因reasonable consequences：合理结果;必然结果consequence：something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition 结果一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果to some extent 在一定程度上self-accelerating 自我加速accelerate 加速;促进;增加数量参考译文：在这些原因中;有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求/社会需求的合理结果;另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果..得分重点：并列结构;多重定语72This trend began during the Second World War; when several govemments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.结构分析：72 主句This trend // began // 介词短语作时间状语during the Second World War; // 定语从句when // several govemments // came to / the conclusion // 同位语从句that the specific demands // 定语从句that 主语a government // 谓语wants to / make 介词短语作状语结构of // its scientific establishment // 同位语从句的谓语cannot generally 被动结构be foreseen // in detail.词义推敲：this trend 这种趋势when引到定语从句;前面一般有表示时间的名词作先行词..从句如果是过去时;那么可以译作：“当时”;“其时”；从句如果是将来时;那么可以译作：“到时”;“届时”..came to the conclusion 得出了一个结论that 引导同位语从句the specific demands 具体要求make… of…向……提出scientific establishment 科研机构establishment：a public or private institution; such as a hospital or school 私人公共机构一个公共或私人机构;如医院或学校cannot be forseen 无法预见in detail 详尽参考译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间;当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的..得分重点：同位语从句;定语从句;被动结构73This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.结构分析：73 主句This // 被动结构seems mostly effectively done // 介词短语作方式状语by supporting // a certain amount / of research // 并列结构 1 not related to // immediate goals // 并列结构 2 but of possible consequence // 介词短语作时间状语in the future.词义推敲：This指代“problem”;这一问题..mostly effectively done：有效解决..mostly：generally; usually 普遍地；通常地done 解决by doing sth. 通过……;以……not … but …不是……而是……;没有……但有……not related to 与……无关relate：to bring into or link in logical or natural association 使有联系使有逻辑的联系或有自然的联系。

英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编10.doc

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编10(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.将下列短文译成英语。

(北京外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英汉互译) 2008年11月9日，中国政府出台了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，预计在未来两年时间内投资4万亿人民币。

中国政府在例行的中央经济工作会议召开之前突然宣布该方案，既显示了中国政府抗击金融危机、防范经济增长下滑的信心，也反映了中国政府对国内经济增长前景的预期明显恶化。

该方案刚一出台便引发世界范围内高度关注，并直接推动全球股市上涨。

然而，由于中国政府并未在第一时间详细披露该方案实施细则，近日来围绕该方案的猜测与争议绵延不绝。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.将下列短文译为英语。

(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。

这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。

这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。

它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。

中国人讲“富不过三代”，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。

因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。

所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。

如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。

而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握的资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。

假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。

市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。

权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。

[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编31.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编31.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编31一、翻译1 我们熟悉的握手方式多种多样：有掌心出汗的人；有紧张得把你的手捏得生疼的人；A型气质的人总是乐呵呵地同别人握手，然后急忙停下来，又再继续握。

这种多样性使我们能“感觉到”对方是个什么样的人。

而我们寻求的常常是真诚。

握手还可以传达敬意。

对商界女性来说，握手是有影响力的。

20年前，如果一个女人主动去和男人握手，通常会被认为是爱出风头。

现在女人握手已经是司空见惯了，许多人反而认为旧式的“社交接吻”即使不是傲慢无理也是有背于职场惯例。

2 崇祯五年(1632)十二月，余住西湖。

大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。

是日更定矣，余挈一小舟，拥毳衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。

雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。

湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。

到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒炉正沸。

见余，大喜日：“湖中焉得更有此人!”拉余同饮。

余强饮三大白而别，问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。

及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说相公痴，更有痴似相公者!”3 Translate the following into English．(四川外国语大学2012研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作)在这样一个技术与交流紧密联系的时代，面对面的信息传递对于专业成功显得愈发重要。

我们比任何古人都容易获取更多的信息。

轻敲几下键盘，就可以获取任何专题的大量信息。

尽管我们能够得到的信息急剧增长，但我们一天二十四个小时并没有随之增加。

在这个信息的海洋里，技术反而使我们更难得到合适的信息。

而正因为如此，优秀的公众演讲者成了无价之宝。

聆听条理清晰、语言简洁的报告仍是我们理解新信息最为省事的方式。

然而，尽管公众演讲好处良多，大多数人还是惧怕面对公众进行演讲。

对科学工作者而言，或许更是如此。

除了所有演讲者都面临的担忧之外，他们还必须讲解复杂的专业知识。

考研英语历年翻译真题

一.1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编98.doc

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编98汉译英1 网球是展示生命激情与活力的“运动芭蕾”，广东网球中心的建筑本身是展示力与美的动感舞台，既优雅又富含现代元素。

网球中心是集竞技、休闲于一体的立体体育文化公园。

两个网球场错落有致，形成富有张力的线条轮廓，契合体育运动所带来的动态之美。

2 漓江是数千年来无数文人志士获得灵感的地方。

两岸是连绵的山峰，平静的河水倒映出魔幻般的美景，宛如童话一般。

山峰在薄雾笼罩下时隐时现，令人陶醉。

泛舟漓江，每个转弯处都能找到新奇，或见懒洋洋的水牛拉着大车，或见渔民在狭窄的竹筏上悠然自得。

3 陕西榆林红石峡“来我们榆林，第一要看镇北台，第二要看红石峡。

那红石峡都出了名了，专有摄制组上这儿拍电影哩!”在前往榆林的长途汽车上，两个当地人这么跟我们说。

既然如此，当然要去。

不过，对当地人的“老王卖瓜”也做了一些思想准备。

却不料，红石峡果真是个了不得的去处!它竟然是陕西省内最大一处摩崖石窟群。

但见峡谷两侧赭红色的岩壁上惊人地布满大大小小的石刻和洞窟，一条湍急的清流则在谷底刷刷地流淌。

静静往那儿一站，立刻就被中华大地那千古的历史、文化以及大自然的熏风吹醉了!4 一些国际环境组织近年来已改变了保护策略。

他们努力拯救整个自然环境，而不是在一段时间内只力图拯救一个物种。

许多专家感到在过去15年中，最成功的是世界上几乎所有国家都有了国家动植物保护区和保护公园。

这意味着天然的野生生物区将继续供养着许多种相互依存的野生动植物。

5 有一个谚语：直到我们失去了某件东西，我们才会彻底认识到它的价值。

当朋友已经死去时我们常常才能珍惜朋友的爱，甚至比他生前更加珍惜。

直至我们离开学校或大学，才开始了解教育给我们的无穷机会，而学校教育也己不再了。

同样的，只有当人身体虚弱或生病时才会了解健康的可贵。

答案见麦多课文库。

考研英语翻译历年真题

考研英语翻译历年真题翻译是考研英语中最具挑战性的题型之一，对考生的语言运用和理解能力有着较高的要求。

历年真题是备考中的重要资源，通过分析历年真题可以了解翻译题的出题特点和难点，有针对性地进行复习和训练。

1、2019 年考研英语翻译真题The advantage of being clear with oneself is that it makes it easier for others to understand one's actions and motives. When people have insight into their own desires and needs, they will be better able to communicate these desires and needs to others. Clear communication helps to develop mutual understanding and trust. Similarly, a person who understands herself will find it easier to develop intimate relationships. Self-awareness helps to build self-confidence and self-esteem, which in turn make it easier to connect with others on a meaningful level.2、2018 年考研英语翻译真题Every human experience, surely, had shown that there are people who –eroding only a fraction of an inch per hundred years – finish up by covering the Earth with mulch. They are the heavy baggage brigade of human beings; carriers of the vital statistics that aggregate national wealth when they are in it, but that subtract it when they are out. Here at the top of the Pinyon Compact, population is officially listed as classified, living where not even salvage corps collectors will stoop to pick them up when they are through.There, on one side of an invisible line, are the married – those links of matrimony forged and fast closed after cons. On the other, the Mexicans.3、2017 年考研英语翻译真题As western countries increasingly delegate public responsibilities to non-state sectors, the voluntary sector is gaining strength. In recent years, the concept of "social entrepreneurship" has emerged as a key new variable. In both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations, entrepreneurs have come to the realization that society's needs and wants can be addressed with business solutions. The "double bottom line" phenomenon involves considering financial indicators and broader social and environmental changes.4、2016 年考研英语翻译真题Achebe's works are often described in terms of their distinctive style and technique. His use of English, which is sometimes modified to include Igbo words and phrases, has been described as unique. His novels are also characterized by their explorations of cultural identity, colonialism, and the clash of cultures. Achebe's writing captures the complexities of Nigerian society and its history, while also addressing universal themes and issues that resonate with readers around the world.5、2015 年考研英语翻译真题The emergence of the symbolic culture of Homo sapiens constitutes a major discontinuity in the evolution of Homo sapiens. The symbolic culture enhanced the capacity of Homo sapiens to act creatively and efficiently on their universe, in the full consciousness that they did so. Often behavior guided by the socially defined forms and structures of the symbolic functionperhaps gave undue emphasis on the latter employing the creative use ofnew symbolic meanings, were in fact the driving forces having made those symbolic objects and words functional tools in the first place.通过对历年真题的分析，我们可以得出以下几点备考建议：1. 加强对英语语法和词汇的掌握。

考研英语翻译试题真题.doc

考研英语翻译试题真题历年考研英语翻译试题真题(一览)Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)1. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。

2. 他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。

3. 我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。

4. 很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。

5. 昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。

翻译Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)1. The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and favorable weather condition.2. The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.3. What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation.4. It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.5. If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved.Section VIII English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.(1) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(2) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.(3) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(4) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders”with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”(5) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.(6) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(7) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.(8) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.翻译Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)1. 如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。

英语笔译考研考试题目及答案

英语笔译考研考试题目及答案### English Translation and Interpreting Postgraduate Entrance Examination Questions and Answers#### Section A: Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points)Question 1: Choose the best word to fill in the blank.The novel is set in the 19th century, reflecting the social conditions of the era.A. periodB. timeC. ageD. epochAnswer: C. ageQuestion 2: Translate the following sentence into English.“尽管困难重重，我们仍然决定继续前进。

”A. Despite the difficulties, we still decided to go forward.B. Although the difficulties, we still decided to go ahead.C. Even if there are many difficulties, we still decided to continue.D. Even though the difficulties, we still decided to proceed.Answer: A. Despite the difficulties, we still decided to go forward.#### Section B: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage 1:In the field of translation studies, the concept of "dynamic equivalence" has been widely discussed. It refers to the translator's effort to convey the same effect on the target audience as the original text had on its source audience.Question 1: What does "dynamic equivalence" mean in the context of translation?A. The translator's effort to make the text sound natural in the target language.B. The translator's effort to maintain the original meaning without changing the structure.C. The translator's effort to convey the same effect on the target audience as the original had on its source audience.D. The translator's effort to change the structure to make the text more understandable.Answer: C. The translator's effort to convey the same effect on the target audience as the original had on its source audience.Passage 2:The role of interpreters in international conferences iscrucial. They facilitate communication between speakers of different languages, ensuring that the message is accurately conveyed without any loss of meaning.Question 1: Why are interpreters important in international conferences?A. They help in organizing the conference.B. They provide a record of the proceedings.C. They ensure accurate communication between speakers of different languages.D. They act as cultural advisors to the participants.Answer: C. They ensure accurate communication between speakers of different languages.#### Section C: Translation (30 points)Question 1: Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese."The art of translation is not merely a mechanical process of converting words from one language to another. It requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural nuances that may affect the meaning of the text."Answer:翻译艺术不仅仅是将单词从一种语言转换为另一种语言的机械过程。

英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编2.doc

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(中国矿业大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)Autumn is blatantly vital season, contrary to the allegations of sorrowful poets who misconstrue the message of dying leaves. A more realistic poet, Archibald Macleish, says that " Autumn is the American season. In Europe the leaves turn yellow or brown and fall. Here they take fire on the trees and hang there flaming. Life, too, we think, is capable of taking fire in this country: of creating beauty never seen. "Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. Yale Lecturer William Zinsser hit the nail squarely, " The whole notion of New Year"s Day as the time is autumn. Popular pleasure shows itself in those hastening steps and brightened smiles encountered as the air grows nippier. Some psychiatrists have patients who grow almost alarmed at how congenial they suddenly feel. " The season of autumn does induce a quickening of the blood and a heightening of humankind"s sensual pleasures. Yet the very jubilant excesses that ensue often lead, at last, to the well-known post-Thanksgiving "holiday blues". In darker ways still, fate and tragedy have made some American Novembers seem crueler than April.Autumn is honest: it does not pretend to be heaven. Yet almost everybody recognizes that the season"s character transcends those familiar bracing days, crystal nights, bigger stars, vaulted skies, fluted twilights, harvest moons, frosted pumpkins and that riotous foliage that impels whole traffic jams of leaf freaks up into New England. What is not recognized is that autumn is richly enhanced simply by what it is not. Specifically, it is not summer, winter or spring.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(中国矿业大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)I am fond of loitering about country churches, and this was so delightfully situated that it frequently attracted me. It stood on a knoll, round which a small stream made a beautiful bend and then wound its way trough a long reach of soft meadow scenery. The church was surrounded by yew trees which seemed almost coeval with itself. Its tall Gothic spire shot up lightly from among them, with rooks and crows generally wheeling about it. I was seated there one still sunny morning watching two laborers who were digging a grave. I was told that the new-made grave was for the only son of a poor widow. While I was meditating on the distinctions of worldly rank which extend thus down into the very dust, the toll of the bell announced the approach of the funeral. They were the obsequies of poverty with which pride had nothing to do. A coffin of plainest materials, without pall or other covering, was borne by some of the villagers. The sexton walked before with an air of cold indifference. There were no mock mourners in the trappings of affected woe, but there was one real mourner who feebly tottered after the corpse. It was the aged mother of the dec eased, the poor old woman whom I had seen seated on the steps of the altar. She was supported by a humble friend, who was endeavoring to comfort her. A few of the neighboring poor had joined the train, and some children of the village were running hand in hand, now shouting with unthinking mirth, and now pausing to gaze with childish curiosity on the grief of the mourner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Translate the following passages into Chinese．(深圳大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语)As miracle goes, a number of Black Americans so nonchalantly taking the reins of huge companies does not, of course, really rank with the parting of the sea. However, it does say something significant concerning better opportu-nity in an arena that, until very recently, might as well have hung "Blacks Not Allowed"signs. And, if nothing else, the successes of such high-profile Afro-Americanfigures as new corporate titans offer the black youngsters a glance at a possible future and a loftier path, and serve as a reminder to all of us, black or white, that a nation is at its best when talent triumphs over precedent, when preconceptions make way for excellence in whatever package excellence arrives.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Disappointment is the stuff bad dreams are made of, dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there"s never enough of it to go around in a zero-sum game where one person"s winning must be offset by another"s losing. We have been growing up in a nation where, according to the gospel of a famous football coach, winning is not the most important thing—it is the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment due to the final grade B might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Carrara, shut in by the great hills, is a very picturesque town in Italy. Few tourists stay there: and the people are nearly all connected, in one way or another, with the mining of marble. There are also villages among the caves, where the workmen live. It contains a beautiful little Theatre, newly built: and it is an interesting custom there, to form the chorus of laborers in the marble mines, who are self-taught and sing by ear. I heard them in a comic opera, and in an act of "Norma" : and they performed remarkably well:unlike the common people of Italy generally, who(with some exceptions among the Neapolitans)sing terribly out of tune, and have very disagreeable singing voices.Neapolitans: 那不勒斯人（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationality, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time: it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward.He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long rides and came back with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man.* fallible: able to make mistakes （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2011研，考试科目：基础英语)The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for laboratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real laboratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens: but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2010研，考试科目：基础英语)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying VanGogh"s legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh"s global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives" ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists" painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous: existing or found everywhere* apotheosis: the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(广东外语外贸大学2010研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)The relationship that science keeps with art has long been from one-sided wish. That is, while science is in deep love with art, art requites this love by being arrogant and unapproachable. Many renowned scientists love art all their lives. They know art, and are very good at getting fulfillment from art to enhance their noble spirit or to help relieve themselves from burdens of life. On the contrary, few of literary artists love and understand natural science and engineering technology. Among the reasons why artists stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas. However, leaving aside mathematics and bypassing a stack of recondite knowledge, we are still able to understand and appreciate the basic principles of a science. It is just like we are still able to give a sympathetic response to its main melody, greatly admiring the music although we can read nothing of the score of Mozart"s musical pieces.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(广东外语外贸大学2009研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)Modernization and economic development neither require nor produce cultural westernization. To the contrary, they promote resurgence of, and renewed commitment to, indigenous cultures. At the individual level, the movement of people into unfamiliar cities, social settings, and occupations breaks their traditional bonds, generates feelings of alienation, and creates crises of identity to which religion frequently provides an answer. At the societal level, modernization enhances the economic wealth and military power of the country as a whole and encourages people to have confidence in their heritage and to become culturally assertive.As a result, many non-Western societies have seen a return to indigenous cultures. It often takes a religious form, and the global revival of religion is a direct consequence of modernization. In non-Western societies this revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-Western cast, in some cases rejecting Western culture because it is Christian and subversive, in others because it is secular and degenerate. The return to the indigenous is most marked in Muslim and Asian societies.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．Every time I sit down to write, and let my mind go easy, the words, it is so dark, or something to do with darkness. Terror. The terror of this city. Fear of being alone. Only one thing stops me from jumping up and screaming or running to the telephone to ring somebody, it is to deliberately think myself back into that hot light...white light, light, closed eyes, the red light hot on the eyeballs. The rough pulsing heat of a granite boulder. My palm flat on it, moving over the lichens. The grain of the lichens. Tiny, like minute animals" ears, a warm rough silk on my palm, dragging insistently at the poresof my skin. And hot. The smell of the sun on hot rock. Dry and hot, and the silk of dust on my cheek, smelling of sun. The sun. Letters from the agent about the novel. Every time one of them arrives I want to laugh—the laughter of disgust. Bad laughter, the laughter of helplessness, a self-punishment. Unreal letters, when I think of a slope of hot pored granite, my cheeks against hot rock, the red light on my eyelids. Lunch with the agent. Unreal—the novel is more and more a sort of creature with its own life. Frontiers of War now has nothing to do with me, it is a property of other people.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.God did not create the universe and the "Big Bang" was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book."Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist, " Hawking writes."It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going. "Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity.Since 1974, the scientist has worked on marrying the two cornerstones of modem physics—Albert Einstein"s General Theory of Relativity, which concerns gravity and large-scale phenomena, and quantum theory, which covers subatomic particles.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2012年研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)The researchers found that these simulated Milky Ways were mostly green valley galaxies, suggesting that the real Milky Way is in this transitional state too, the team reports in a paper to appear in the Astrophysical Journal.Past outbursts from the massive black hole at the Milky Way"s centre may be to blame for this mid-life crisis. Radiation "burps" produced after matter fell into the black hole could have heated and expelled gas from the galaxy.And there may be a brief burst of star formation in 5 billion years, when the Milky Way is expected to merge with Andromeda, a nearby spiral galaxy whose properties also indicate it is a green valley galaxy, the team says.The merger may send residual gas towards the centre of the merged object, triggering a short stellar baby boom before the galaxy settles into old age, says team member Darren Croton, also at Swinburne. The spiral discs of both galaxies will be destroyed in the collision, he says: " The violence of the merger will cement our place as a red and dead elliptical galaxy. "In case this sounds depressing, he notes that red elliptical galaxies are not completely devoid of activity. "Many of them continue to lead very interesting lives in their retirement, " he says, pointing to a nearby elliptical called M87 that has spectacular jets streaming from its central black hole.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Equal and exact justice to all men, ...a jealous care of the right of election by the people...: absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism: ...the supremacy of the civil over the military authority: economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened: the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith: encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid: the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason: freedom of religion: freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected. These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which to try the services of those wetrust: and should we wander from them in moments of error or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2011研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)Now I recognize many are pessimistic about this process. The cynics say that Israelis and Palestinians are too distrustful of each other, and too divided internally, to forge lasting peace. Rejectionists on both sides will try to disrupt the process, with bitter words and with bombs and with gunfire. Some say that the gaps between the parties are too big: the potential for talks to break down is too great: and that after decades of failure, peace is simply not possible.I hear those voices of skepticism. But I ask you to consider the alternative. If an agreement is not reached, Palestinians will never know the pride and dignity that comes with their own state. Israelis will never know the certainty and security that comes with sovereign and stable neighbors who are committed to coexistence.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.There is in all things a pattern that is part of our universe. It has symmetry, elegance, and grace—those qualities you find always in that which the true artist captures. You can find it in the turning of the seasons, in the way sand trails along a ridge, in the branch clusters of the creosote bush or the pattern of its leaves. We try to copy these patterns in our lives and our society, seeking the rhythms, the dances, the forms that comfort. Yet, it is possible to see peril in the finding of ultimate perfection. It is clear the ultimate pattern contains its own fixity. In such perfection, all things move toward death.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．Of course, my first impulse was to prepare this man"s remains for burial(laughter), but upon reflection I said I would reprieve him for a moment or two, and give him a chance to prove his assertion if he could. We stepped into a bookstore, and he did prove it. I had really stolen that dedication, almost word for word. I could not imagine how this curious thing had happened: for I knew one thing, for a dead certainty—that a certain amount of pride always goes along with a teaspoonful of brains, and that this pride protects a man from deliberately stealing other people"s ideas. That is what a teaspoonful of brains will do for a man—and admirers had often told me I had nearly a basketful, though they were rather reserved as to the size of the basket(laughter).（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.In too much of the earth there is want, discord, danger. New forces and new nations stir and strive across the earth, with power to bring, by their fate, great good or great evil to the free world"s future. From the deserts of North Africa to the islands of the South Pacific, one-third of all mankind has entered upon a historic struggle for a new freedom:freedom from grinding poverty. Across all continents, nearly a billion people seek, sometimes almost in desperation , for the skills and knowledge and assistance by which they may satisfy from their own resources, the material wants common to all mankind. No nation, however old or great, escapes this tempest of change and turmoil.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2009研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)Scarlett heard the stairs groan and she got softly to her feet. When Mammy returned she would resume her lecture on Scarlett"s breach of hospitality, and Scarlett felt that she could not endure prating about such a trivial matter when her heart was breaking. As she stood, hesitant, wondering where she could hide until the ache in her breast subsided a little, a thought came to her, bringing a small ray of hope. Her father had ridden over to Twelve Oaks, the Wilkes plantation, that afternoon to offer to buy Dilcey, the broad wife of his valet, Pork. Dilcey was head woman and midwife at Twelve Oaks, and, since the marriage six months ago, Pork had devilled his master nightand day to buy Dilcey, so the two could live on the same plantation. That afternoon, Gerald, his resistance worn thin, had set out to make an offer for Dilcey.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration of the Government consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of Government. In the general proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require, all parties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country, or one class of citizens, or one occupation, for the mere profit of another. "Justice and sound policy forbid the Federal Government to foster one branch of industry to the detriment of another, or to cherish the interests of one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country. " I have heretofore declared to my fellow-citizens that " in my judgment it is the duty of the Government to extend, as far as it may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, manufacturers, the mechanic arts, commerce, and navigation".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。

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[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编103
汉译英
1 香港虽为弹丸之地，但却是七百多万市民的安居之所。

人境处时刻守在最前线，为香港、为市民尽心把关，在各个管制站执行有效的出入境管制；在本地打击非法劳工及违反入境条例的罪行；并且积极与其他地方的执法机关合作，共同打击跨境偷渡及行使伪证等行为，致力维护香港的治安及稳定。

此外，入境处亦为市民提供多元化的服务，包括签发高度防伪的身份证和旅行证件；及办理出生、死亡和婚姻登记等。

由此可见，入境处的工作，与香港社会及市民的生活的确息息相关。

选自香港保安局局长在入境事务学院结业会操致辞
2 中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路。

我们立足于自身发展，不搞侵略扩张，不搞以邻为壑，更不会走“国强必霸”的传统大国崛起的老路，而是真诚希望与世界各国和平共处，共同发展。

我们不追求自己的利益最大化，而将认真实行互利共赢的开放战略。

我们将继续为发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助，在平等互利的基础上与发达国家发展合作。

当前，西方国家遇到一些困难，我们没有袖手旁观，而是尽可能提供支持，因为在全球化的时代，帮助别人就是帮助自己，合作是我们的唯一选择。

3 广交会品牌展区是鼓励和引导企业转变外贸发展方式的重要示范平台。

为进一步优化出口产品结构，推动外贸企业转型，本届广交会重新开展了品牌展区企业评审和品牌展位安排工作，并对品牌展区作适度扩容，设展位数10447个，占总展位数的18．6％。

共有1442家企业进入品牌展区，比上一届增加77家。

此外，本届还在细化优化展览现场服务、完善参展商和采购商个性化服务、提升餐饮服务水平、强化对特装布展施工单位的资质认证及现场管理等方面做了改进和完善。

来自法国、美国、丹麦、芬兰、日本、新西兰等6个国家的11家跨国企业将进驻广交会跨国采购服务区。

4 制药行业的全球化与人们的日常生活密切相关，在改善人类健康和与疾病的斗争中，也扮演着不可替代的角色。

AAA公司就是该行业的一个典范，它是全世界最具声望的公司之一。

我认为，AAA公司之所以如此令人瞩目和受人尊敬，原因是多方面的，其中固然包括它卓越的科研成就和出色的业务表现。

然而，AAA胜
人一筹、脱颖而出的真正原因在于该公司多年来一直非常重视社会责任和环境保护，并在这方面投入了大量的人力物力。

5 思维与言语及其同一性问题一直是个争论不休的问题。

胡塞尔(Husserl)认为有脱离任何表达形式的纯粹思维，德里达(Derrida)对此持批判的态度，维特根斯坦则坚持认为没有脱离言语的思维和思想。

这些探讨主要集中于思维与言语表达这个层面，无法推进对思维与言语关系的说明，也无法在它们是否具有同一性的问题上获得共识。

梅洛一庞蒂(Merleau-Ponty)表达现象学主张言语表达奠基于原初的身体表达——身体姿势，而语言则是言语的历史沉淀。

这些观点对研究思维与言语的关系及其同一性问题具有推动作用，它们蕴含着这样的观点：思维是一种特殊形态的表达——言语表达。

同时也对研究聋哑人的思维，说明动物有无思维以及思维和思想的性质具有建设性和启发性的意义。