VOLVO 发动机使用说明书
沃尔沃D12-715船用柴油机说明书
Excellent Performance and Cruising RangeThe D12-715 marine diesel engine is spe-c ial l y designed and developed for in s tal -la t ions in fast planing craft fea t ur i ng the lat e st advanced diesel technology. Excellent performance is assured with a rich torque curve matched to the high pow e r output for quick out of the hole ac-c el e r a t ion and high top and cruising speed. Low fuel consumption for long cruising range and low emission levels is assured with:–Electronic Unit Injectors–4-valve technology–Electronically controlled injection tim i ng –High pressure 8-hole injector nozzles–EDC governingThis technology combined optimizesen g ine performance and effi ciency, en s ures effi cient combustion by injecting the right quan t i t y of fuel at the right time, which min-i m iz e s quantity of unburned fuel, re d uc i ng fuel consumption and exhaust emis s ion lev-e ls. The Volvo Penta D12-715 fuel system is designed to give full output regardless of fuel temperature.This technology, in combination with the high power output, gives the boat a wid e r operating range in combination with higher speed.High qualityThe D12-715 is built in the world’s most high l y automated diesel engine factory line with a totally robotic machining and as-s em b ly line with computer controlled audit checks, which ensures the highest quality level.The D12-715 is a further development of the well-proven Volvo Penta in-line six en-g ine concept which ensures high re l i a bil i t y and long term durability.Operation and comfort Electronic remote controls, push button twin engine synchronization and changeof active station ensures easy and smooth op e r a t ion and maneuvering.The electrical control levers are op e r a t e d more smoothly and precisely, requiring much less force.and main t e n ance points contributes tothe ease of ser v ice of the engine.Worldwide service supportin more than 100 countriesThe Volvo Penta parts and servicedeal e r network is a truly internationalop e r a t ion with authorized service deal-e rs around the world. These servicecenters offer Gen u i ne Volvo Penta partsas well as skilled per s on n el to en s ure thebest pos s i b le ser v ice. Con t in u o us andthor o ugh product and ser v ice train i ngen s ures that Vol v o Pen t a prod u cts arewell sup p ort e d.D12-715 – a true marineengine from a true marineengine companyThe D12-715 is a true marine engine asit is developed by a true marine com-p a n y with the best there is to be foundin ma r ine experience and know-how,and built and assembled with the bestpro d uc t ion method there is to be foundin the world.The D12-715 delivers excellent per-f or m ance and cruising range, high re li -abil i t y and durability, in combination withthe high e st level of quality.Automatic twin engine synchronizationre d uc e s noise and vibration levels, andin c reas e s service life of engine.This in combination with the well-bal-a nced D12-715 in-line six cylinder enginewith powerfully dimensioned crankshaftbear i ngs and vibration damper on cam-s haft ensures smooth, vibration-free op-e r a t ion with low noise levels.Low exhaust emissionlevelsThe D12-715 advanced diesel technologygreatly contributes to more effi cient com-b us t ion with higher power and reducednox i ous exhaust emissions.The D12-715 is certifi ed according toIMO.Easy installationThe D12-715 gives a time saving and re-l i a ble installation, as it is a complete de l iv -ered compact and tailor-made propulsionsys t em from one single supplier.Plug-in water-protected harnesses andconnectors, compact dimensions and theEDC system ensures an easy, simple andtime-saving installation.Ease of service andmaintenanceThe EDC system features a self-di a g -nos t ic facility. Easily accessible service* Power rating – see Technical DataD12-715Technical DataEngine designation.......................................D12-715 No. of cylinders and confi guration.............in-line 6 Method of operation.....................................4-stroke,direct-injected, turbocharged diesel engine with aftercooler Bore, mm (in.)............................................131 (5.16) Stroke, mm (in.).........................................150 (5.91) Displacement, l (in3)...........................12.13 (740.2) Compression ratio...........................................16.5:1 Dry weight, kg (lb).................................1400 (3086) Dry weight with reverse gearZF 325A-EB, kg (lb).............................1570 (3461) Crankshaft power,kW (hp) @ 2300 rpm ................................526 (715) Max. torque,Nm (lbf.ft) @ 1600 rpm.......................2925 (2159) Recommended fuel toconform to.........................ASTM-D975 1-D & 2-D, ..............................................EN 590 or JIS KK 2204 Specifi c fuel consumption,g/kWh (lb/hph) @ 2300 rpm................228 (0.369) T echnical data according to ISO 3046 Fuel Stop Power andISO 8665. Fuel with a lower calorifi c value of 42700 kJ/kg and density of 840 g/liter at 15 °C (60 °F). Merchant fuel may differ from this spec ific a t ion which will infl uence engine power output and fuel con s ump t ion.Rating: 5The engine is certifi ed according to IMO.Technical description:Engine and block—Cylinder block and cylinder head made ofcast-iron—One piece cylinder head—Replaceable wet cylinder liners and valve seats/guides—Drop forged crankshaft with induction hard-e ned bearing surfaces and fi llets with sev e n main bearings —Four valve per cylinder layout with over-h ead camshaft—Each cylinder features cross-fl ow in l et andexhaust ducts—Gallery oil-cooled forged aluminum pis t ons—Three piston ringsLubrication system—Integrated oil cooler in cylinder block—Twin full fl ow oil fi lter of spin-on type andby-pass fi lterFuel system—Six Electronic Unit Injectors, one per cyl-i n d er, vertically positioned at the center inbetween the four valves—Gear-driven fuel pump, driven by tim i nggear—Electronically controlled central pro c ess i ngsystem (EDC – Electronic Die s el Con t rol)—Electronically controlled injection tim i ng—8-hole high pressure injector noz z les—Single fi ne fuel fi lter of spin-on type, withwater separatorTurbocharger—Freshwater-cooled turbo chargerCooling system—Freshwater-cooled charge air cooler—Gear-driven coolant pumps—Tubular heat exchanger or single-cir c uitkeel coolingElectrical system—24V electrical system, 24V/60A al t er n a t orReverse gear—ZF 325A-EB, elec t ri c al l y shiftedOptional equipmentContact your Volvo Penta representative.Not all models, standard equipment and accessories are avail-a ble in all countries. All spec ific a t ions are sub j ect to changewithout notice.The engine illustrated may not be entirely identical to pro-d uc t ion standard engines.3-23©23ABVolvoPenta.AB Volvo PentaSE-405 08 Göteborg, SwedenDimensions D12-715 with ZF 325A-EB Not for installationFuel consumptionRpmPower1.Crankshaft pow errpmTorqueRpm。
柴油发动机说明书(中文)
En dansk version af denne instruktionsbog kan bestilles gratis, op til 12 måneder efter levering, via internet, post eller telefax. Se bestillingsformular i slutningen af bogen. Alle oplysninger gemmes internt hos AB Volvo Penta og overgives ikke til tredje part.
Hay disponible una versión en español gratuita de este manual de instrucciones, la cual puede pedirse, a través de Internet, correo postal o fax, en el plazo de 12 meses después de la entrega del producto. Véase el formulario de pedido en las últimas páginas del manual. Todos los datos recibidos son almacenados de forma interna por Volvo Penta AB y no se ponen a disposición de terceras partes.
Een Nederlandse versie van dit instructieboek kan kosteloos worden besteld tot 12 maanden na aflevering, internet, post of fax. Zie het bestelformulier achterin het boek. Alle gegevens worden intern opgeslagen bij AB Volvo Penta en niet verstrekt aan derden.
沃尔沃TAD1241GE发电机组柴油机使用手册说明书
The TAD1241GE is a powerful, reliable and economical Generating Set Diesel Engine built on the dependable in-line six design.Durability & low noise Designed for easiest, fastest and most economical installation. Well-balanced to produce smooth and vibration-free opera-tion with low noise level.To maintain a controlled working tem-perature in cylinders and combustion chambers, the engine is equipped with piston cooling. The engine is also fitted with replaceable cylinder liners and valve seats/guides to ensure maximum durabil-ity and service life of the engine.Low exhaust emissionThe state of the art, high-tech injection and charging system with low internal losses contributes to excellent combus-tion and low fuel consumption.The TAD1241GE complies with EU Stage 2 and TA-Luft -50% exhaust emis-sion regulations.Easy service & maintenance Easily accessible service and mainte-nance points contribute to the ease of service of the engine.Technical description: Engine and block– Optimized cast iron cylinder block with opti-mum distribution of forces without the block being unnessarily heavy.– Wet, replaceable cylinder liners– Piston cooling for low piston temperature and reduced ring temperature– Tapered connecting rods for reduce risk of piston cracking– Crankshaft induction hardened bearing surfaces and fillets with seven bearings for moderate load on main and high-end bear-ings– Case hardened and nitrocarburized trans-mission gears for heavy duty operation– Keystone top compression rings for long service life– Viscous type crankshaft vibration dampers to withstand single bearing alternator tor-sional vibrations– Replaceable valve guides and valve seats – Over head camshaft and four valves per cyl-inder Lubrication system– Full flow oil cooler– Full flow disposable spin-on oil filter, for ex-tra high filtration– The lubricating oil level can be measuredduring operation– Gear type lubricating oil pump, gear drivenby the transmissionFuel system– Non-return fuel valve– Electronic Unit Injectors– Fuel prefilter with water separator and wa-ter-in-fuel indicator / alarm– Gear driven low-pressure fuel pump– Fine fuel filter with manual feed pump andfuel pressure switch– Fuel shut-off valve, electrically operatedCooling system– Air to air intercooler– Coolant filter as standard– Gear driven, maintenance-free coolantpump with high degree of efficiency– Efficient cooling with accurate coolant con-trol through a water distribution duct in thecylinder block. Reliable sleeve thermostatwith minimum pressure dropTurbo charger– Efficient and reliable turbo charger– Extra oil filter for the turbo chargerElectrical system– Electronical Diesel Control III (EDCIII), anelectronically controlled processing systemwhich optimizes engine performance. It alsoincludes advanced facilities for diagnosticsand fault tracing– Three different ways for the customer toconnect his controls and instrument to theengine. CAN SAE J1939 interface, CIU(Control interface unit) and Stand aloneconnections.– Sensors for oil pressure, oil temp, boostpressure, boost temp, coolant temp, fueltemp, water in fuel, fuel pressure and twospeed sensors.Features– Maintained performance, air temp 40°C– Tropical cooling system (55°C)– Fully electronic with Volvo Penta EDC III– Dual frequency switch (between 1500 rpm and 1800 rpm)– High power density– Emission compliant– Low noise levels– Gen Pac configurationVOLVO PENTA GENSET ENGINE TAD1241GE1500 rpm, 354 kW (481 hp) – 1800 rpm, 387 kW (526 hp)Power StandardsThe engine performance corresponds to ISO 3046, BS5514 and DIN 6271. The technical data applies to an engine without cooling fan and operating on a fuel with calorific value of 42.7 MJ /kg (18360 BTU/lb) and a density of 0.84 kg/liter (7.01 lb/US gal), also where this involves a deviation from the standards. Power output guaranteed within 0 to +2% att rated ambient conditions at delivery. Ratings are based on ISO 8528. Engine speed governing in accordance with ISO 3046/IV, class A1 and ISO 8528-5 class G3Exhaust emissionsThe engine complies with EU stage 2 emission legislation according to the Non Road Directive EU 97/68/EEC. The engine also complies with TA-luft -50% exhaust emission regulations.Rating GuidelinesPRIME POWER rating corresponds to ISO Standard Power for continuous operation. It is applicable for supplying electrical power at variable load for an unlimited number of hours instead of com-mercially purchased power. A10 % overload capability for govering purpose is available for this rating.MAXIMUM STANDBY POWER rating corresponds to ISOStandard Fuel Stop Power. It is applicable for supplying standby electrical power at variable load in areas with well established electrical networks in the event of normal utility power failure. No overload capability is available for this rating.1 hp = 1 kW x 1.36InformationFor more technical data and information, please look in the Gener-ating Set Engines Sales Guide.TAD1241GEAB Volvo PentaSE-405 08 Göteborg, SwedenTechnical DataGeneralEngine designation ........................................................................TAD1241GE No. of cylinders and configuration .......................................................in-line 6Method of operation ...............................................................................4-stroke Bore, mm (in.) .....................................................................................131 (5.16)Stroke, mm (in.) ..................................................................................150 (5.91)Displacement, l (in3) ...................................................................12.13 (740.2)Compression ratio .....................................................................................17.5:1Dry weight, kg (lb) ..........................................................................1380 (3036)With Gen Pac, kg (lb) ...................................................................1645 (3627)Wet weight, kg (lb) ........................................................................1455 (3201)With Gen Pac, kg (lb) ...................................................................1720 (3792)Performance with fan, kW (hp) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power323 (439) 352 (479)Max Standby Power354 (481)387 (526)Lubrication systemOil consumption, liter/h (US gal/h) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power 0.11 (0.029) 0.12 (0.032)Max Standby Power 0.12 (0.032) 0.13 (0.034)Oil system capacity incl filters, liter ................................................................35Oil change intervals at specificationVDS-2, h............................................................................................................600VDS, ACEA E3, h ...........................................................................................400ACEA E1, E2, API CD, CF, CF-4, CG-4, h...............................................200Fuel systemSpecific fuel consumption at Prime Power, g/kWh (lb/hph) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm25 % 216 (0.350) 231 (0.374)50 % 199 (0.323) 208 (0.330)75 % 195 (0.316) 200 (0.324) 100 % 198 (0.321) 202 (0.327)Max Standby Power, g/kWh (lb/hph) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm 25 % 211 (0.347) 225 (0.365)50 % 197 (0.319) 203 (0.329)75 % 195 (0.316) 200 (0.324)100 % 199 (0.323)203 (0.329)Intake and exhaust systemAir consumption at 27°C, m³/min (cfm) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power 23.5 (830) 28.0 (989)Max Standby Power 25.0 (883) 29.0 (1024)Max allowable air intake restriction, kPa (In wc) ...............................5 (20.1)Heat rejection to exhaust, kW (BTU/min) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power 250 (14217) 272 (15468)Max Standby power 276 (15696) 306 (17402)Exhaust gas temperature after turbine, °C (°F) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power 490 (914) 465 (869)Max Standby Power 505 (941) 490 (914)Max allowable back-pressure in exhaust line, kPa (In wc) ...........10 (40.2)Exhaust gas flow, m³/min (cfm) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime power 58 (2048) 66 (2331)Max Standby Power 63 (2225) 72 (2543)Cooling systemHeat rejection radiation from engine,kW (BTU/min) 1500 rpm 1800 rpm Prime Power 17 (967) 18 (1024)Max Standby Power 18 (1024) 20 (1137)Heat rejection to coolant kW (BTU/min)Prime Power 123 (6995) 139 (7905)Max Standby Power 125 (7109) 143 (8132)Fan power consumption, kW (hp) 9 (12)15 (20)Standard equipment Engine Gen PacEngineAutomatic belt tensioner • •Lift eyelets • •FlywheelFlywheel housing with conn. acc. to SAE 1 • •Flywheel for 14” flex. plate and flexible coupling • •Vibration dampers • •Engine suspension Fixed front suspension • •Lubrication system Oil dipstick• •Full-flow oil filter of spin-on type • •By-pass oil filter of spin-on type • •Oil cooler, side mounted • •Low noise oil sump • •Fuel systemFuel filters of disposable type • •Electronic unit injectors• •Pre-filter with water separator • •Intake and exhaust system Air filter without rain cover• •Air filter with replaceable paper insert • •Air restriction indicator• •Air cooled exhaust manifold• •Connecting flange for exhaust pipe • •Exhaust flange with v-clamp • •Turbo charger, low right side • •Crankcase ventilation • •Cooling systemTropical radiator incl intercooler •¹) •Gear driven coolant pump • •Fan hub • •Thrust fan – •Fan guard – •Belt guard– •Control systemEngine Management System (EMS) with••CAN-bus interface SAE J1939 and stand alone interface AlternatorAlternator 60A / 24 V • •Starting systemStarter motor, 6.0kW, 24 V••Connection facility for extra starter motor • •Instruments and sendersTemp.- and oil pressure for automatic • • stop/alarm 103°C Other equipmentExpandable base frame – •Engine Packing Plastic warpping••¹)must be ordered, se order specification - optional equipment − optional equipment or not applicable • included in standard specificationNote! Not all models, standard equipment and accessories are available in all countries. All specifications are subject to change without notice.The engine illustrated may not be entirely identical to production standard engines.E n g l i s h 12-2006. © 2006 A B V o l v o P e n ta。
Volvo D16K550 550hp 16.1L 直六柴油引擎说明书
Volvo Trucks. Driving ProgressThe D16K550 is a powerful 550hp, 16.1-litre, in-line, s ix-cylinder diesel engine equipped with an overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder and common rail injection. The engine meets the Euro 6 exhaust emissions requirements.The D16K550 is designed for heavy and demanding operations. It is based on a robust and dependable design with an overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder and accurately controlled elec-tronic fuel injection.With its extremely high power output, the D16K550 produces impressive torque throughout a broad rev range, resulting in excel-lent driveability even in very hilly road conditions. Because there is massive torque even at low revs, the engine has excellent low-rev pulling performance.The D16K550 is a low-emission engine in terms of both exhaust gases and noise. Euro 6 legislation reduces nitrogen oxide (NO X ) by 80% and particulate emissions by 50% compared with Euro 5. In order to meet legislative requirements, Volvo Trucks has de-veloped an after-treatment system that, in the silencer, combines a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction unit (SCR) and an Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC).The Euro 6 engine features a cooled EGR circuit,which helps the after-treatment system by reducing NO X emissions from the engine.Volvo´s engines together with the emission after treatment sys-tem are highly efficient and are exceeding the legal requirements referred to as Euro 6 Step C version.The D16K 550 can be equipped with VEB+ (Volvo Engine Brake) and EPG (Exhaust Pressure Governor). These systems provide extremely high braking power, further improving safety and reduc-ing wear on the wheel brakes.FACT SHEETEngine D16K550, EU6DSFEATURES AND BENEFITS• Maximum torque within a broad rev range.• Fuel efficient.• Low-emission variant, Euro 6.•Extremely high engine braking effect with EPG and VEB+ (option).• Rear-mounted power take-off with high power output (option).• Extremely clean and environmentally compatible, thanks to two types of closed crankcase ventilation.Efficient combustion for excellent driveabilityThe D16K550 is equipped with a common rail injection system that provide high and precisely timed injection pulses. The com-bustion chamber and inlet manifold are designed for optimum combustion. The gas-fill ratio is extremely high, which contributes to the high efficiency.The design creates a fuel-efficient engine with high power and immense torque within a broad rev range. This gives the D16K550 excellent driveability.The torque curve is improved, giving maximum torque at lower revs compared to Euro 5, giving improved drive-ability and allowing faster rear axle ratios to be used.Fulfilling the Euro 6 standardThe Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) removes hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust gases and produces alsothe nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) necessary for the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to efficiently combust the particulates.The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) collects particulate matter (PM) until it is burned off by the NO 2 produced by the DOC. If needed, an automatic active regeneration process can also remove PM in the DPF .In the mixing zone between the DPF andthe Selective Cata-lytic Reduction unit (SCR), the exhaust gases are sprayed with AdBlue, which forms ammonia in the hot exhaust. When the exhaustgases reach the catalyst, the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) are efficiently transformed into harmless nitrogen gas and water with the help of ammonia.The Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) is the last step before the tailpipe where any remaining ammonia (NH 3) is removed.Hydrocarbon injection into the exhaust pipe is used for keeping the after-treatment system clean and efficient. The diesel that is injected by the so-called 7th injector is combusted in the DOC, which increases the exhaust temperature downstream of the DOC. The hot exhaust gases will remove unwanted substances in the DPF and SCR and thereby ensure the efficiency of those components.Low noise emission at idlingThe D16K550 meets the relevant noise emission requirements. The crankshaft and camshaft feature hydraulic vibration dampers that minimise noise and vibrations. Pre-injection of fuel is used to further dampen noise at idling.Crankcase ventilationThe D16K550 offers a choice of two types of closed crankcase ventilation. The CCV-OX is offered as standard. If using the truck in environmentally vulnerable areas there is also the choice of the CCV-C type, recommended down to -25 degrees Celsius.Both systems promote an extremely clean and environmentally compatible engine.Timing and power take-off at the rearThe engine timing mechanism is located at the rear and drives the power steering pump, oil pump, fuel feed pump and air com-pressor. It is a compact, quiet and thoroughly sealed design that saves weight. With the timing mechanism at the rear, the engine’s cooling is also improved since the flow of incoming cooling air is not obstructed.The D16K550 can be equipped with a power take-off designed for propshaft operation or direct-mounted hydraulic pumps. PTO mounting on the engine’s flywheel results in a dependable design and permits high torque levels, up to 1,000 Nm in continuous operation.800600100012001400160018002000Power hpTorque NmEngine speed r/minType designation ..................................................................D16K550, EU6DS Max power output at 1350–1900 r/min ..........................550 hp (405 kW)Max revs ..............................................................................................2000 r/min Max torque at 900–1350 r/min ......................................................2900 Nm*No. of cylinders ....................................................................................................6Bore ...........................................................................................................144 mm Stroke ........................................................................................................165 mm Displacement .........................................................................................16.1 dm 3Compression ratio ......................................................................................16.0:1Exhaust brake power at 2200 r/min ...................................................230 kW Engine braking power (VEB+) at 2200 r/min ...................................470 kW Economy revs ...........................................................................950–1400 r/min Optimum rev range ..............................................................1000–1200 r/min Oil-change volume incl. oil filter ....................................................approx. 42 l Oil filters ..............................................................................2 full-flow, 1 bypass Cooling system, total volume .........................................................approx. 48 l Dry weight (base engine) ......................................................approx. 1472 kg SPECIFICATION* 2800 Nm with manual gearbox.。
D13工业发动机中文使用说明书
开始前 重新安装在维修工作中拆下的所有保护装置，然后再 重新起动发动机。确保没有任何工具或其他物体落在 发动机中。 在空气过滤器未就位的情况下不要起动涡轮增压发动 机。涡轮增压器中正在转动的压缩机涡轮机可能导致 严重伤害。此外还存在外物被卡住并损坏机器的风险。
作为 Volvo Penta 发动机的所有者，我们还想欢迎您到全球经销商网络和维修车间，在那里，我们将为您提供有 关技术建议、维修要求和更换零件的帮助。如欲获得帮助，请联系您最近的授权 Volvo Penta 经销商。
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前言
Volvo Penta 发动机遍布全球。它们可在任何可能的运行情况下使用。这并非巧合。100 年后，作为发动机制造 商，Volvo Penta 品牌名称已成为代表可靠性、技术创新、顶级性能和长久使用寿命的符号。我们还相信，这就是 您需要以及期望从 Volvo Penta 发动机中所获得的。
我们希望您详尽地阅读本操作员手册，并考虑我们提供的有关运行和保养的建议。请注意本手册中包含的安全说 明。
电池 电池包含并且会释放出爆炸气体，尤其是在充电时。 这种气体极其易燃，并且具有高度爆炸性。 在电池或电池舱中或附近不得出现烟雾、明火或火花。 错误连接电池电缆或起动电缆会产生火花，而火花足 以使电池爆炸。
字母索引 ...................................................................................................... 67
沃尔沃发动机使用说明书.1
8 发动机，一般保养........................................... 31 8 润滑系统........................................................ 35 8 冷却系统....................................................... 37 8 燃油系统....................................................... 44 8 电气系统....................................................... 47 9
起动发动机.............................................. 起动之前 .............................................. EMS起动过程 ........................................ 酷寒环境下起动...................................... 切勿使用起动喷射液................................ 用辅助蓄电池起动 .................................
VOLVO发电机组操作规程
VOLVO发电机组操作规程1 适用范围本规程适用于VOLVO发电机组操作方法及操作过程注意事项等内容和要求。
2 风险识别和控制措施3 操作内容3.1 发动机起动前的检查：3.1.1检查机油油位、机油液面应位于油标尺两刻度线之间，而绝不能低于下刻度线。
检查排水开关是否关闭及冷却系统是否安有堵塞。
检查冷却液及液位。
液位约在加水口盖以下5cm左右。
检查空气滤清器堵塞程度。
当显示器标明阻塞程度超过规定要求时，则更换滤清器，换掉滤清器后，重新安装显示器。
检查燃料是不上足够，如果需要，加满燃料油。
打开为燃油开关。
检查是否漏油、漏水。
关闭总开关。
将摩擦离合器脱开，确保齿轮位于空档，并将发电机置于空档位置。
检查蓄电池系统电压是否正确(24V)。
检查其他方面的电线是否正确。
3.1.2发动机的起动(1)按下“黑色”预热键，启动内置电子预热器，预热50s。
(2)按下预热键，同时按启动按钮(绿)，不超过40s。
(3)柴油机启动后放开启动按钮，然而启动后预热键仍按下5min，直到油压稳定后放开，按了停机键后，令自动停机。
遇到特别冷的天气时则须在柴油机启动后仍按下预热按钮并保持几分钟。
3.1.3发动机启动以后的检查(1)检查仪器显示值是否正常，警示灯必须熄灭。
油压：正常值为400～600kpa；水温：正常值为75～95℃。
如果油压过低，水温太高或水位太低，那么发动机会自动停机并同时报警。
(2)改变发动机转速：可以通过手动调节发动机右侧、仪表盘左侧机械控制杆来调节发动机的速度。
(3)低负载下操作：避免在空载或低负载下长期运行，这样一来会导致耗油量增加和排气管泄漏，原因之一就是在低负载下，油通过涡轮增压器齿轮与空气一起进入管内。
这样一来会导致气门，活塞和排气轮上的积碳。
在低负载的情况下，燃烧温度很低以致不保证燃油完全燃烧，这就以为着燃油可能稀释润滑油并会产生油管漏油。
为减少在低载运行下产生的不良后果，应保证：A.在低载的情况下，将转速降到最低，如果每星期定期空载检查，则运行时间应限制在10min。
VOLVO D13L发动机使用说明书
冷却系统
发动机高温时应避免打开冷却液加液口盖，因在失压 的同时蒸汽或高温冷却液会喷射出来，从而造成烫 伤。
如果当发动机高温时，仍须打开冷却液加液口盖或拆 卸冷却液软管等，则在完全打开加液口盖并开始工作 前，必须先小心缓慢地拧松盖子以卸压，并注意此时 的冷却液温度仍然很高会造成烫伤。
加注ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้油
加注燃油时会有着火和爆炸的危险。禁止吸烟，并必 须关停发动机。
2
安全注意事项
在起动发动机或进行任何维护保养工作之前，请认真仔细地阅读本使用说明书，这有关您的人身安全。不正确 的操作会导致人身伤害和产品或相关设备的损坏。 本章介绍了本说明书中以及在产品上是如何标明有关安全事项的警示。同时还提供了有关使用和维护发动机时 应采取的基本安全措施。 如果仍有不明确之处，则请与您的Volvo Penta经销商联系以取得帮助。 注意！在阅读之前，请核对所用的使用说明书应与您的发动机型号对应相符。如不符合，请与您的
关停发动机 在打开或拆卸发动机的盖/ 罩之前，应先关停发动 机。除另有说明外，发动机的保养和维修工作均应在 停机的情况下进行。 为防止发动机被意外起动，应拔出起动开关钥匙并用 主电源开关断开电源，且将其锁定在“O F F （断 开）”位置上。 如果仪表面板上没有钥匙开关，则使用主电源开关断 开系统电压。 同时要在该操作工位上放置告知标志以示明正在进行 维修工作。 靠近运行中的发动机或在其上操作是有危险的。头 发、手指、松散的衣服或坠落的工具，都有可能被卷 入转动着的零部件而造成严重的人身伤害。Vo l v o Penta 建议，所有要在发动机运行时进行的维修工 作，应由经授权的Volvo Penta 维修厂来进行。
一氧化碳中毒
只能在通风良好的环境中起动发动机。在有限的空间 内运行发动机时，必须把发动机的排气和曲轴箱的废 气排出室外。