汉英翻译基础教程_期末考试复习
英语翻译基础期末复习
浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放专科)《英语翻译基础》期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力）Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目二、改译句子。
（每小题2分，共10分）三、翻译句子。
（每小题3分，共15分）三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分）四、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分）注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。
）I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each)A : Directions : This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1．这个出租汽车司机黑着呢，他经常宰顾客。
BA. This taxi driver has a black heart. He often kills his customers.B. This taxi driver is an old screw. He often overcharges.C. This taxi driver is a very greedy man.D. This taxi driver is too black to kill the customers.2．I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. AA. 我感到有人走近，于是伸出了手，以为是把手伸向母亲。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
汉英翻译期末考试整理版
她望着湛蓝的大海。
She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。
As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。
(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航继往开来，继往开来的重要时期。
英语翻译基础期末复习3
8.英汉句子结构对比中，英语多从句，汉语 多分句。（ ） 解析：正确T，英语句子不仅可以在简单句中 使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可 以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往 通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接， 整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个 整体。
9.英汉句子结构对比中，英语句子结构完整， 汉语无主句多。（ ） 解析：正确T，英语的句子里主语和谓语完整， 不可或缺。汉语的句子可以没有主语。
6.英汉句子结构对比中，英语重结构，汉语重语义。 （） 解析：正确T，汉语以意合（parataxis）为特征，形 式结构不是关键，而是看内容或语义是否连贯， 是否合乎逻辑。英语以形合（hypotaxis）为特征， 形态丰富，句子以主谓或主谓宾的顺序排列，往 往用词形变化、连接词、介词、定语从句和独立 主格结构等表示成分之间的各种语法关系,句子的 外形很严谨。
20. landlord可以翻译为“地主”。（） 解析：错误F，在《牛津高级英汉双解词典》中, ‘landlord’ 是 A person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units.（地主，房东）不带有 贬义。 21. peasant等同于“农民”。（） 解 析 ： 错 误 F ， ‘ peasant’ 在 英 语 中 含 有 a country person, a rustic; a person with rough unrefined manners (小农，乡下人；举止粗鲁的人)，有点贬 义色彩。
28. The first bombs missed the target. 若译为： “第一批炸弹没有击中目标。”则采用了 正反译法（ ） 解析：答案正确T，英语和汉语中均有从正面 或反面来表达一种概念的现象。英语里有 些从正面表达的词或句子，译文中可从反 面来表达，即所谓反说。
大学英语期末考试英译汉复习2
大学英语期末考试英译汉复习21. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
2. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. 希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
3. Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth”in front of the German invaders.Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless.苏联领导人约瑟夫?斯大林被打了个措手不及，他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。
农场和工厂被焚烧毁坏，或弄得无法运转。
4.The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. 斯大林格勒一战的失利最终使希特勒走向穷途末路。
5. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。
汉英翻译期末考试整理版
她望着蔚蓝的大海。
She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。
As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。
(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航承前启后，继往开来的重要时期。
汉英翻译期末复习资料
题型一、单选（1分*10个=10分）n、adj、v、prep、短语二、句子翻译（3分*10个=30分）教材上、PPT上内容三、段落翻译（20分）选自PPT练习，10个句子四、简单句（20分）7个句型（1分），例句（2分）五、论述题（20分）二、1.楼高106米的深茂商业中心占地4201平方米，南靠深南大道，西临香密湖度假村，东连未来市中心新政大楼建筑群，共有楼面26层和地上车库两层。
Shenmao Commercial Centre stands 106meters high on a 4201 sq. meters site, consisting of 26 storeys and double-level underground car park. It borders Shennan Road to the south, Xiangmi Lake Holiday Resort to the west and the new municipal office building complex, the would-be city center, to the east.2.天目山树深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。
Mt. Tianmu is like a fairy land. It is densely forested and scarcely frequented, with spring flowing over the rocks and fog streaming around the mountain sides.3.花前月下，情深深，意浓浓。
Many a moonlit night saw us sauntering along the flower-flanked paths exchanging words of love and affection.4.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导深入贯彻落实科学发展观。
英汉翻译基础汉译英期末考试试卷C卷
广东技术师范学院天河学院2011-2012学年第二学期期末考核试卷适用年级、专业或班级：商英101-102班考试科目：英汉翻译基础（汉译英） （闭卷）（C 卷）总分：100分 考试时间：90分钟注意：本试卷所有问题请在答题纸作答Ⅰ．填空题每空2分共20分1. 对比研究不同民族思维方式的异同，特别是______，是减少和消除跨文化交际障碍的重要举措。
2. 儒家思想是对中国社会影响最大的思想之一。
主要关注的不是自然奥秘而是现实社会政治和伦理道德。
这种思维方式在词汇中均有反映，如：_____，______等。
3. 中国人重伦理思想的体现之一是汉语中的亲属称谓______而英语中的亲属称谓_____。
4. 国画艺术是中国人_____性思维的有力证据。
5. 汉字的象形字是中国人______思维方式的表现之一。
6. 汉语主要有四种造字方法：_____，______，_______，形声字。
Ⅱ. 判断题，每题2分共10分1. 运用一对语法结构相同或相似，字数相等或基本相等的词句来表达两个相反、相对或相似的意思，这样的修辞手法叫做对偶。
（ ）2. 排比是几个，一般是三个以上，结构相同或相似、意义相关、语气一致的词组或句子排列成串，形成一个整体。
（ ）3. 回环又称回文，是利用相同的词汇，造成词序回环往复的语句表现两种事物或者情理的相互依存或者相互排斥的辩证关系。
（ ）4. 人人为我，我为人人。
这句话使用了反复的修辞手法。
（ ）5. 北京大学→北大，是缩略构词法。
（ ）系别 班级 学号 姓名--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------装 订 线-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ．翻译以下短文并注明自己使用了什么翻译技巧，20分不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。
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第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二．翻译下列句子（1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。
I’m extremely terrified by the news.（4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。
She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school.（5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。
I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter.（6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。
The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.（7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。
The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off.（8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。
These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.（9）今天下午的球赛，棋逢对手，一定很精彩。
This afternoon’s ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched. （10）他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。
They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies.（11）真正的朋友应该是雪中送炭。
A real good friend should be one offering timely help.（12）他们和群众血肉相连，休戚与共。
They maintain the closest relations with the masses and share their weal(福利，幸福) and woe( 悲痛，苦恼).（13）他这几天心里七上八下，老是安静不下来。
His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.（14）我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。
We must pay close attention to (the problem of) the gap between coastal and inland areas. （15）我们必须与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。
We must fight against corruption and injustice.（16）你必须提出一些解决方案。
You must work out some solutions.（17）不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。
Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.(Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet.) （18）他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
He waited for her arrival, with a frenzied agitation.（19）妈妈非常激动，我感到她的背在颤抖，就在那一刻，我第一次明白妈妈也有脆弱的一面。
In that moment, feeling mother’s back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability.（20）他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。
Their optimism moved us greatly.（21）目前公司的经营状况已经有所好转。
At present, the business in our company is turning for the better.（22）我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人.I knew that many families today were conscious of absences.（23）我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。
I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.（24）只要你嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，一辈子享受不尽。
If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.（25）我们都来自五湖四海。
We are from all corners of the country.第二节名词的具体译法具体译法是指在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或者句子用具体或比较具体的单词、词组、成语或者句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果。
具体译法的长处在于：可以利用译文的优势，与原文展开竞赛，以非常生动具体的形象语言来表达原文中原本比较抽象的概念，使得读者能欣赏到活生生的语言。
二．翻译下列句子（1）他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。
He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.（2）他新雇来的女佣人懒得出奇，饭量倒很大，真是一个无用而又累赘的的东西。
His newly employed servant woman was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.（3）我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的东西。
I’m not sure whether I can win the honour; it’s a bird in the bush. （A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过两鸟在林。
）（4）不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead.（5）我们决不能姑息坏人。
We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.（6）至于那些苹果，我们就对半分吧。
As for the apples, let’s go fifty-fifty with them.（7）他们的见解非常相似。
Their ideas run in the same groove(沟，槽).（8）我知道你现在是进退两难。
I know you are holding a wolf by the ears.（9）他这个人只管自己的事。
He is a man who hoes（n. v. 锄，锄头）his own potatoes.（10）你真是说话不看对象。
You are really casting pearls before swine.（11）空谈不如实践。
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.（12）他出身在富贵之家。
He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义翻译包括理解和表达两个过程。
要做好翻译，首先要对原文进行正确的理解。
但汉语和英语中都有很普遍的一词多义现象，却给理解和表达都带来了很大的困难。
二．根据语境选择合适的词义语义与语境关系密切。
同样的一个词，在不同的上下文里，就可能产生不同的意思。
英国语言学家Firth曾经说过：Each word is a new word in a new context(每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词)。