高级笔译第八章作业
专业英语-专业八级翻译分类题练习八.doc
专业八级翻译分类题练习八SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English.1、传道者感叹到： ''著书立说没有止境"，却没发觉他已高度评价了作家这一职业。
的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的。
一个问题引发另外一个问题。
我们不断学习，且永远达不到心中所渴望的那般学识渊博。
我们永远雕刻不出自己心仪的塑像。
当发现一个新大陆，或翻过一座山脉时，我们总会看到远方还有未曾涉足的海洋与陆地。
宇宙浩渺，总会有供我们勤奋努力的东西，总会有供我们探索的空间。
它不像卡莱尔的著作，可以读完。
即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情。
2、讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说''谢谢"，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。
因此不应''假装自卑"或''故作谦虚"。
但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或''缺乏教养"。
因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。
他们都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。
3、''孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。
是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。
闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。
"韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解。
他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪。
本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第八单元 汉译英(一)新型工业化
笔译实务3级配套训练第七单元汉译英（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第八单元汉译英（一）新型工业化我们要推进产业结构优化升级，坚持走新型工业化道路。
依靠科技进步，围绕提高自主创新能力，推动产业结构调整。
加快开发对经济增长有重大带动作用的高新技术，以及能够推动传统产业升级的共性技术和关键技术。
抓紧制定若干重大领域关键技术创新的目标和措施，务求尽快取得新突破。
完善鼓励创新的体制和政策体系。
坚持引进先进技术和消化吸收创新相结合，增强自主开发能力。
大力发展高新技术产业，积极推进国民经济和社会信息化。
加快用高新技术改造提升传统产业。
以重大工程为依托，推动装备制造业振兴。
在专门项目指导下，继续加强能源、重要原材料等基础产业和水利、交通、通信等基础设施建设。
积极发展现代配送、旅游、社区服务等第三产业。
既要加快发展资金技术密集型产业，又要继续发展劳动密集型产业。
课文词汇产业结构industrial structure优化升级optimize and upgrade自主创新independent innovation共性技术broadly applicable technologies1 / 3Unit 8 汉译英（一）新型工业化信息化apply more information to; informize装备制造业the equipment-manufacturing industry配送distribution (services)第三产业tertiary industries资金技术密集型capital-and technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业labor-intensive industries参考译文The New Road of IndustrializationWe must optimize and upgrade the industrial structure and stay on / adhere to the new road of industrialization. We will promote/spur/stimulate industrial restructuring by relying on (through) scientific and technological advances and focusing on becoming better able to make (developing the ability for) independent innovations. We will accelerate / quicken / expedite development of new and high technologies that can greatly stimulate/boost economic growth as well as broadly applicable and key technologies that can propel the upgrading of (upgrade) traditional industries. We will promptly formulate innovation targets and measures for achieving them in key technologies in a number of important fields and make breakthroughs as quickly as possible. We will improve the systems and politics that笔译实务3级配套训练第七单元汉译英（一）encourage innovation. We will continue to introduce advanced technologies, assimilate them, and make innovations in them, while concentrating on enhancing our own development capacity. We will energetically develop new and high technology industries and integrate information technology into the national economy and society. We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through new and high technologies. We will revitalize / rehabilitate / invigorate the equipment -manufacturing industry, focusing on major projects. Guided by plans for specific projects, we will continue strengthening basic industries like the energy industry and important raw materials industries as well as infrastructure development in water conservancy, transport and communications. We will vigorously develop tertiary industries such as modern distribution services, tourism and community services. We need to accelerate the development of capital-and technology-intensive industries and continue to develop labor-intensive industries.3 / 3。
笔译天天练[第8篇]
![笔译天天练[第8篇]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9543da1db4daa58da0114a97.png)
笔译天天练[第8篇]原文：Thus I reflected and these views seem to have been confirmed by the inconsistencies of the Head Juries. For instance, all glassware items(drinking glasses, mirrors, chandeliers, vases, glass weavings, and glass periwigs) fell into one category because of their common material, although their motives were very different, while other objects related in motive were grouped according to their different materials. Many private exhibitors actually provided very instructive technological surveys of their industries that corresponded more to my views.参考答案：因此，我进行了反思，并且这种方式看起来好象已经被“首席评审委员会原则”中包含的矛盾所证实。
例如，所有的玻璃器皿（酒杯、镜子、吊灯、花瓶、玻璃织物、玻璃假发）由于使用了同样的材质而被归为一类，尽管他们的用途大相径庭。
而其他具有同样用途的物品却根据其不同的材质被归为一类。
事实上，许多私人展览为其所在行业的展品分类提供了很好的科学方法，这些方法更符合我的观点。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------这一期的讨论主要集中在两点：1、对while other objects related in motive were grouped according to their different materials这一句的理解，我想同学们的意思都能看明白，但就是不知道该怎么用词，我也是一样。
高级英语考试翻译练习
高级英语考试翻译练习第一篇：高级英语考试翻译练习由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了。
The whole plan fell through for want of fund牛顿被公认为是世界上最杰出的科学家之一。
Newtonis acknowledged as one of the world’s most eminent scientists他对生产成本的估算准确无误。
He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy 公司发言人的不负责任讲话收到了严厉指责。
The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币。
The young clerk from the commercial bank spotted the counterfeit ten-pound note这个精干的经理立刻行动了起来。
The efficient manager acted promptly请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字。
Please substitute her name for yours on the waiting list她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历。
She found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭。
Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography谁能证实这签名无讹？Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature人们给他起了个小家伙的绰号，因为就他年龄而言，他看上去长得很小。
英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(八)
英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(八)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Note-taking and Gap-Filling{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}A{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Lackner, a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}energy expert at Columbia University, has designed an {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}tree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using "leaves" 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explains: The leaves are {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leaves. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in water {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide. He {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}that our total {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}could be removed with 100 million trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}and stored; however, there isn't enough space to store it. But {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}are coming up with {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, for example, peridotite, which is a great {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of carbon dioxide. Another {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}could be the basalt rock {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, which contain {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}gas bubbles. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}}{{/U}}carbon dioxide into these bubbles causes it to form {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}limestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}fuels for transport {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}is a different question. We have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the price.Lackner, a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}energy expert at Columbia University, has designed an {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}tree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using "leaves" 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explains: The leaves are {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leaves. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in water {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide.He {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}that our total {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}could be removed with 100 million trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}and stored; however, there isn't enough space to store it. But {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}are coming up with {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, for example, peridotite, which is a great {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of carbon dioxide. Another {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}could be the basalt rock {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, which contain {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}gas bubbles. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}}{{/U}}carbon dioxide into these bubbles causes it to form {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}limestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}fuels for transport {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}is a different question. We have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the price.（分数：50.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：sustainable）解析：[听力原文] Klaus Lackner, director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University, has come up with a technique that he thinks could solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions. He has designed an artificial tree that passively soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using "leaves" that are 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves that use photosynthesis. "We don't need to expose the leaves to sunlight for photosynthesis like a real tree does," he explains. "So our leaves can be much more closely spaced and overlapped, even configured in a honeycomb formation to make them more efficient." The leaves look like sheets of papery plastic and are coated in a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate (baking soda) on the leaf. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are rinsed in water vapor and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide. He calculates that his tree can remove one ton of carbon dioxide a day. Ten million of these trees could remove 3.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year, equivalent to about 10% of our global annual carbon dioxide emissions. Our total emissions could be removed with 100 million trees, whereas we would need 1,000 times that in real trees to have the same effect. If the trees were mass-produced they would each initially cost around $20,000, just below the price of the average family car in the United States. And each would fit on a truck to be positioned at sites around the world. The great thing about the atmosphere is it's a good mixer, so carbon dioxide produced in an American city can be removed in Oman. The carbon dioxide from the process can be cooled and stored; however, many scientists are concerned that even if we did remove all our carbon dioxide, there isn't enough space to store it securely in saline aquifers or oil wells. But geologists are coming up with alternatives. For example, peridotite, which is a mixture of serpentine and olivine rock, is a great sucker of carbon dioxide, sealing the absorbed gas as stable magnesium carbonate mineral. In Oman alone, there is a mountain that contains some 30,000 cubic km of peridotite. Another option could be the basalt rock cliffs, which contain holes, solidified gas bubbles from the basalt's formation from volcanic lava flows millions of years ago. Pumping carbon dioxide into these ancient bubbles causes it to react to form stable limestone—calcium carbonate.These carbon dioxide absorption processes occur naturally, but on geological timescales. To speed up the reaction, scientists are experimenting with dissolving the gas in water first and then injecting it into the rocks under high pressures. However, Lackner thinks the gas is too useful to petrify. His idea is to use the carbon dioxide to make liquid fuels for transport vehicles. Carbon dioxide can react with water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen—a combination known as syngas because it can be readily turned into hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol or diesel. The process requires an energy input, but this could be provided by renewable sources, such as wind energy. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically viable is a different question. These trees would do the job for around $200 per ton of removed carbon dioxide, dropping to $30 a ton as the project is scaled up. At that price, which has been criticized as wildly optimistic, it starts to make economic sense for oil companies who would pay in the region of $100 per ton to use the gas in enhanced oil recovery. Ultimately, we have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially worth the price, and that social price is likely to fall as climate change brings its own mounting costs. Economically too, if the price of carbon rises, then this could lead to two effects. Investing in air capture will likely be seen as an equivalent to "avoided emissions". And then it will become a worthy investment.填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：artificial）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：coated）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：rinsed）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：vapor）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：calculates）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：emissions）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：cooled）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：geologists）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：alternatives）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：sucker）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：option）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：cliffs）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：solidified）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Pumping）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：stable）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：liquid）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：vehicles）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：viable）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：worth）解析：三、{{B}}B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Today, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldn't like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}is that if you only take as much out as comes in, you're not going to {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the amount of water that stores {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}there. Right? Wrong. That's the {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}called safe yield. We can {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}as much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}}{{/U}}doesn't change. So the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}is we've reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}as much water out as naturally comes in, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the underground water level will {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In the underground systems there are natural discharge points. Well, a drop of water {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}can mean those discharge points will {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}dry up. Sustainability and safe yield are {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, because what sustainability means is that it's sustainable for all systems that {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}on the water, for the people who use it, and for {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}water to the {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, like some streams. So, if we are using a safe yield {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we're only {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}what we take out with what gets recharged, but don't forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is going to lead to another problem, the {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}and streams are going to {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}up.Today, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldn't like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}is that if you only take as much out as comes in, you're not going to {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the amount of water that stores {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}there. Right? Wrong. That's the {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}called safe yield. We can {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}as much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}}{{/U}}doesn't change. So the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}is we've reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}as much water out as naturally comes in, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the underground water level will {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In the underground systems there are natural discharge points. Well, a drop of water {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}can mean those discharge points will {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}dry up. Sustainability and safe yield are {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, because what sustainability means is that it's sustainable for all systems that {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}on the water, for the people who use it, and for {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}water to the {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, like some streams. So, if we are using a safe yield {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we're only {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}what we take out with what gets recharged, but don't forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is going to lead to another problem, the {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}and streams are going to {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}up.（分数：50.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：implication）解析：[听力原文] Last week we discussed some key terms widely used in dealing with environmental protection. I'm sure they are still fresh in your mind. Right? So in today's environmental science class, I want to discuss a few other terms here, actually some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let's talk about what that means. If we take resources like water, now maybe we should get a little bit more specific here, back from more general cases and talk about underground water in particular. So hydro geologists have tried to figure out how much water can we take out from underground sources. That has been an important question. Let me ask you guys, how much water, based on what you know so far, could you take out of, say, an aquifer under the city. As much as what gets recharged? OK. So we wouldn't like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The implication is that, well, if you only take as much out as comes in, you're not going to deplete the amount of water that stores in there. Right? Wrong. But that's the principle. That's the idea behind how we manage our water supplies. It's called safe yield. Basically what this message says is that you can pump as much water out of the system as naturally recharges, as naturally flows back in. So this principle of safe yield is based on balancing what we take out with what gets recharged. But what it does is it ignores how much water naturally comes out of the system. In a natural system a certain amount of recharge comes in and a certain amount of water naturally flows out through springs, streams and lakes, and over the long term the amount that's stored in the aquifer doesn't really change much. It's balanced. Now humans come in and start taking water out of the system. How have we changed the equation? It's not balanced any more? Right. We take water out but water also naturally flows out. And the recharge rate doesn't change. So the result is we've reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long enough, if you pump as much water out as naturally comes in, gradually the underground water level will drop. And when that happens, they can't fix service water. How? Well, in underground systems there are natural discharge points, places where the water flows out from the underground systems, out of lakes and streams. Well, a drop of water level can mean thosedischarge points will eventually dry up, and that means water's not getting to lakes and streams that depend on it. So we end up reducing the surface water supply, too. You know, in the state of Arizona, we're managing some major water supplies with the principle of safe yield and under this method they will eventually dry up the natural discharge points of those aquifer systems. Now, why is this issue? Well, aren't some of you going to want to live in the state for a while? Won't your kids grow up here, and your kids' kids? You may be concerned with "Does Arizona have water supply which is sustainable?" Key word here. What does "sustainable" mean? The general definition of "sustainable" is whether it is enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability to have the same resources. Now, I hope you see these two ideas are incompatible: sustainability and safe yield. Because what sustainability means is that it's sustainable for all systems that depend on the water, for the people who use it, and for supplying water to the dependent, like some streams. So I'm going to repeat this. So, if we are using a safe yield method, we're only balancing what we take out with what gets recharged, but don't forget, water also flows out naturally. Then the amount stored underground gradually gets reduced, and that is going to lead to another problem: the lakes and streams are going to dry up. OK?填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：deplete）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：in）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：principle）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：take）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：rate）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：result）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：pump）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：gradually）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：drop）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：level）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：eventually）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：incompatible）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：depend）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：supplying）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：dependent）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：method）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：balancing）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：lakes）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：dry）解析：。
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of laborand capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure,and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulativeeffect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow couldbe great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so thatdeficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing butspending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. Thisproductivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.参考译文：政府支出对于整个经济的影响作用，受到以下两个因素的制约。
《高级商务笔译》课后练习参考译文
商务笔译课后练习参考译文第1 章提升翻译能力的对策IV.句子翻译1.在21 世纪，商业环境极具竞争性，不断改进已经不再是一种选择，而是一种必要。
任何规模的机构都可以带来变化的一个领域就是人力资源的利用。
人是公司最大的财富。
2.改变过时的结构、打破陈旧的观念有利于企业吸引、激励、留任那些有远见、技能和决心去与时俱进的员工。
3.外部激励（如巨额奖金）可能会适得其反，因为这种奖金会滋生个人贪欲而非企业道德，助长竞争而非协同工作。
相比之下，内部激励则更持久，能引导员工去关注工作而非报酬。
4.领导艺术的精髓就是促使下属不断尽力而为，帮助他们最大限度地发掘潜力，激励他们为共同利益而努力。
5.如果领导者对机构内各级人员的工作、能力、希望与要求都给予尊重，他也会得到别人的尊重。
6.帮助员工学习新技能、在机构内部轮换岗位都可以作为内部激励的方式，也可以留住那些本想去别处寻找新挑战的员工。
7.亚伯拉罕•马斯洛提出的人类动机理论已广为人知。
在这一理论中，马斯洛将人类的需要分为五个按固定顺序逐级而上的层次。
人们只有在基础需求得到充分满足之后，才会努力满足更高的需求。
著名的马斯洛需求层次理论由以下五个方面构成：（1）生理需求，（2）安全需求，（3）爱与隶属需求，（4）尊严需求，（5）自我实现需求。
8.现代生活的负担加上工作的高要求会导致人们情绪失衡，即通称的压力。
但并非所有的压力都有害无益。
活着就意味着应对实现追求的压力和迎接挑战的兴奋。
其实，已有证据表明人需要适量的刺激，而单调乏味的工作和超负荷工作会带来同样的问题。
我们通常所说的压力指的是过大的压力。
9.出色的管理在于最大程度地提升绩效以实现特定的机构目标。
虽然许多管理者都非常明确他们的目标，也了解员工的不足之处，然而当涉及到如何改善员工行为以取得预期绩效这类问题时，这些管理者却往往手足无措。
10.从根本上讲, 工作满意感是一种源于对自己工作体验评价的积极情感。
如果人们对工作的期望无法实现，就会对工作产生不满。
高级英语unit8词汇,翻译,课后习题
Unit 8 An Interactive Lifecathedral ( n.) :any large，imposing church主教座堂，主教大堂；大教堂peak ( n.) :the highest or utmost point of anything；height；maximum最高点，顶点；最高值lucid (adj.) :clear to the mind；readily understood易懂的；明白的ulterior (adj.) :beyond what is exprssed，implied，or evident；undisclosed隐蔽的；秘而不宣的prosecution ( n.) :act of prosecuting彻底进行；执行；实行infuse ( v．) :．put(quality，idea，etc．)into，as if by pouring；instill；impart逐渐灌输(思想品德等)；把…传授给protestant (adj.) :of any of the Christian churches as a result of the Reformation新教(徒)的；基督教(徒)的obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy deeply 使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常，着迷)subdue ( v．) :bring into subjection；conquer；vanquish使屈服，征服asceticism ( n.) :the practice or way of life of an ascetic苦行(主义)；禁欲(主义) succinct ( adj.) :clearly and briefly stated；terse简明的；简短的stultify (v．) :make seem foolish，stupid，inconsistent，etc．；make absurd or ridiculous 使显得愚蠢(可笑)devoid (adj.) :completely not having；empty or destitute完全没有的；无(或缺乏的) premium ( n.) :a reward or prize，esp. one offered free or at a special。
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高级笔译第八章作业-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
高级笔译第八章作业：文学原著翻译/
1. 英译汉：And what a view it was! Or rather, what a succession of views. For it was different every day; and without stirring from the house one had the impression of an incessant change of scene: all the delights of travel without its fatigues. There were autumn days when all the valleys were filled with mist and the crests of Apennines rose darkly out of a flat white lake. There were days when the mist invaded even our hilltop and we were enveloped in a soft vapor in which the mist-colored olive trees, that sloped away below our windows towards the valley, disappeared as though into their own spiritual essence; and the only firm and definite things in the small, dim world within which we found ourselves confined were the two tall black cypresses growing on a little projecting terrace a hundred feet down the hill. Black, sharp, and solid, they stood there, twin pillars of Hercules at the extremity of the known universe; and beyond them there was only pale cloud and round them only the cloudy olive trees.
多美的风景啊！或者说，多壮观的风景线啊！每一天都是不同的。
平静所有的激动，从小屋望去，不断变化的风景会给你留下深刻的印象，让你感受到旅行中所有的乐趣都没有疲倦。
秋天，薄雾笼罩着所有的山谷。
亚宁平山脉倒映在一滩浅浅的湖泊里，泛着白光的湖面上，山峰若隐若现。
有时，薄雾甚至袭上我们所在的小山顶，将我们包围在一片柔和的雾气中。
从我们窗户俯看，山谷周围，斜坡上的橄榄树也染上了雾色，随后渐渐消失，像是进入了它们的精神核心世界。
然而，在这将我们围困，狭小模糊的世界里，只有两棵高大的黑柏树，坚定且清晰的屹立着。
它们生长在离山坡100英尺，一块小小凸出的梯田上。
漆黑，挺拔，结实的身姿，就像两根大力神殿的顶梁柱，伫立在浩瀚宇宙的尽头。
在它们之外，只剩下暗淡的云雾；围绕着它们的，也只是朦胧的橄榄树。
2. 汉译英
祖厉河上游，过去没有清泉水。
河水是苦的，井水也是苦的。
人们世世代代喝着苦水，五脏六腑都被苦水的咸涩味儿浸透了。
有谁想要喝一点甜水，就得到一百里以外的地方去取。
提来一桶水，看得比琼浆玉液还珍贵。
村落里不知从什么时代起，便流传下来两句隐语，说是：
“要吃甜水并不难，石羊出世吐清泉！”
可是，石羊是什么宝物它藏在什么地方谁也不知道。
直到金钻出世以后，这“石羊吐清泉”的奇迹，才终于出现了。
In the past, the upper reaches of the Zhu Li River never have tasty clear spring. The water from the river is bitter as well as wells. Local people drink the bitter water age after age with their entrails soaked deeply by the taste of salty and bitter. Anybody who wants to drink a drop of sweet water has to go more than one hundred li to get it, so that a pail of it is regarded more valuable than nectar.
Without knowing the specific time, there are two enigmatic sentences passed down in village. They are:
“It is not difficulty to have sweet water. When stone carving sheep comes into the world, it will bring tasty clear spring.”
However, what is this stone carving sheep
Where is it
No one knows the answer until golden diamond comes into known. Eventually, the miracle of “stone carving sheep bring tasty clear spring” has come true.
黄媛 11910215。