[管理学]组织行为学(2)

– Incompatible decisions – Lower satisfaction and commitment – Increased stress and turnover
• Benefits of (soБайду номын сангаасe) incongruence
– Better decision making (diverse values) – Enhanced problem definition – Prevents “corporate cults”
1. Mindful of our values 2. Have logical reasons to apply values in that situation 3. Situation does not interfere
•
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-13
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task Performance
• Goal-directed behaviors under person’s control
Organizational Citizenship
• Performance beyond the required job duties
more
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e Slide 2-9 © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reprinted with permission of Owens Corning. All rights reserved
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-3
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Values in the Workplace
• Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences • Define right or wrong, good or bad • Value system -- hierarchy of values • Espoused vs. enacted values:
• Natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task
– competencies personal characteristics that lead to superior performance – person job matching
Collectivism
PR China Hungary Hong Kong United States France Japan New Australia Singapore Zealand Egypt Chile
Armen Dueschian/Newspix
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-14
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Values Congruence
• Values congruence -- where two or more entities have similar value systems • Problems with incongruence
– Espoused -- the values we say we use and often think we use – Enacted -- values we actually rely on to guide our decisions and actions
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
• Beliefs about what behavior is required to achieve the desired results:
– understanding what tasks to perform – understanding relative importance of tasks – understanding preferred behaviors to accomplish tasks
Owens Corning is making employee engagement a cornerstone of its business strategy to become a world-class organization.
Reprinted with permission of Owens Corning. All rights reserved
2
Individual Behavior, Values, and Personality
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Engagement at Owens Corning
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-2
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Employee Engagement Defined
The employee’s emotional and cognitive (rational) motivation, ability to perform the job, clear understanding of the organization’s vision and his/her specific role in that vision, and a belief that he/she has the resources to get the job done
– direction – intensity – persistence R BAR A S
M
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-5
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Employee Ability
Values Congruence at Coles
Integrity -- Respect/recognition -- Passion for excellence -- Working together
More than 2,300 Coles employees across all levels participated in 203 focus groups around the country. Their objective: to identify a set of values for Australia’s second largest retailer that would be congruent with their personal values.
– time – people – budget – work facilities
M
A
R BAR S
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-8
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Behavior in Organizations
M
A
R BAR S
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-7
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Situational Factors
• Environmental conditions beyond the individual’s short-term control that constrain or facilitate behavior
• selecting • developing • redesigning
M
A
R BAR S
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-6
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Employee Role Perceptions
Situational Factors
McShane/Von Glinow OB4e
Slide 2-4
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Employee Motivation
• Internal forces that affect a person’s voluntary choice of behavior
Types of Behavior in Organizations
Counterproductive Work Behaviors • Voluntary behavior that potentially harms the organization
Joining/staying with the Organization