《实用英汉翻译》讲义(第十一周)解析
英汉互动翻译教程(电子版)
第七章增词翻译法(1)Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement.毛泽东是一位活动家，是原动力，是创造和运用出其不意、紧张和松驰而取得成就的战略大师。
(2) The daily newspaper guides,educates and encourages the masses.这份报纸可指导群众、教育群众、鼓舞群众。
（3）For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the world’s eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further.对于国际社会来说，这些变化所带来的最为引人注目的结果是，中国已跃居世界第十一位经济大国，而且今后定会更强。
*In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在参观宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。
*My work,my family,my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我要干活，要做家务，还要招待朋友，这些足够占去我全部时间。
*The first requisite of a good citizen in this Republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight.要在我们这个共和国里当一个好公民，第一必备条件就是他要能够而且愿意尽自己的本分。
《实用英语》第二册11课The Virtue Called Devotion
in general?
demanding—expecting a lot of attention, esp in a way that is not fair
sacrifice: give up sth valuable to get sth more important
a. v.
sacrifice sth for
It’s not worth sacrificing your health for your career.
Sacrifice sth to do
The recluse shunned all company.
at the hands of –(suffer) under the control of
They suffered terribly at the hands of secret police/ their step mother.
won’t let me play with them. To many of the residents, the city
has become a meaner and tougher place to live in.
c.in bad condition or of low standard or quality
The Jewish could hardly survive if they fell into hands of Nazis.
indignity: sth which causes a loss of respect or self-respect
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十一单元 条件句视译-文档资料
第11单元 条件句视译 （例段）
【笔译】 评论家们会承认莎士比亚遣词造句的才能，但会抨击百 转千回的情节使该剧无法顺利“运转”，例如，海盗袭 击船队迫使哈姆雷特回到丹麦就不大可能。如果作者可 以“作一些修改”，并且“把要说的话说明白”，那么 有朝一日， 他的剧作或许几乎可以像《吉普赛》一样 【视译】 深刻。 评论家们无疑会肯定莎士比亚遣词造句的才能，但也 会抨击其百转千回的情节，如，海盗袭击船队迫使哈 姆雷特回到丹麦就不够真实，这些繁杂的情节使该剧 无法全力“运作”。倘若作者愿意对其作品“作些修 改”，并“使所要表达的内容更加确切”，那么有朝 一日，其剧作或许可以达到近乎《吉普赛》那样的深
第11单元 条件句视译 （例句）
2. I won’t explain to you unless you really don’t understand. 【笔译】 除非你真的不懂，否则我不给你解释。
【视译】 我不给你解释，除非你真的不懂。
第11单元 条件句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 在英语里unless 所表达的逻辑关系比 较婉转，需要反复练习，方可熟悉。 许多英语高手对这个词语却不能轻车 熟路，说明其思维方式与汉语思维方 式差异之大。值得注意的是该词汇后 面接续的多为肯定句，理解为if…not， 而此例句中可以理解为except that。
第11单元 条件句视译 （例段）
1. I think most of us have this sense today, if we 我想绝大多数人现在都有这样一种感觉,前提是 are honest. If you read a book with your laptop 人们会如实承认。如果你看书时，屋子另一端的笔
实用翻译讲义——文稿演示
5. 严复的《天演论》不仅在国内首次全 面系统介绍了进化论，使其在大众中得以普 及，它更是一个痛感时弊，唤醒国人救亡图 存，与天争胜的醒世之作。
6. 20世纪以来，实用翻译为排除跨文化交 际中遭遇的语言和文化障碍起到了更加积极 的作用。1993年成立的欧盟（European Union），目前共有11种官方语言。这意味 着欧盟的所有文件都会译成11种官方语言版 本。
实用翻译
Translation of Practical Writings
I
总论
1.1圣经：通天塔（The Babel）的故事 《圣经· 旧约· 创世记》第11章节录 创11:1 那时，天下人的口音、言语，都是一样。 创11:2 他们往东边迁移的时候，在示拿地（古巴比伦附 近）遇见一片平原，就住在那里。 创11:3 他们彼此商量说：“来吧！我们要作砖，把砖烧 透了。”他们就拿砖当石头，又拿石漆当灰泥。
徐光启译的《泰西水法》使西洋农田水利技术传 入中国； 1866年美国传教士高第丕的夫人编译的《造洋 饭书》把西餐引入中国。 此外还有介绍机械工程学的《远西奇器图说》、 在社会政治生活中强烈反响的《万国公法》以及医 学、化学、地理学等方面的各种译著。所有这些实 用类翻译都对近代中国社会、文化和科技发展产生 了重大影响。
创11:4 他们说：“来吧！我们要建造一座城和 一座塔，塔顶通天，为要传扬我们的名，免得我们 分散在全地上。” 创11:5 耶和华降临，要看看世人所建造的城和 塔。 创11:6 耶和华说：“看哪！他们成为一样的人 民，都是一样的言语，如今既作起这事来，以后他 们所要作的事，就没有不成就的了。 创11:7 我们下去，在那里变乱他们的口音，使 他们的言语彼此不通。”
第 十一讲 翻译疑点 概略化与具体化
翻译疑点概略化与具体化英汉两种语言均有一个共同的特点：表达某些概念既可运用概略化的手法，也可采用具体化的方式。
但就某一概念的表达而言，英语可能采用概略化的表达方式，而汉语却采用具体化的表达方式；或英语采用具体化的表达方式，而汉语采用概略化的表达方式。
由于英汉两种语言在这个问题上的差异，翻译时常常有必要将英语具体化的表达方式转换成汉语概略化的表达方式，或是将英语概略化的表达方式转换成汉语具体化的表达方式，使译文既不违背原意又能畅达可读。
一、概略化概略化（generalization）是指采用虚化的方式来翻译原文较为具体化的表达方式。
英语中常出现一些字面意义比较明确、具体、实在或形象的词句，但从上下文所表述的精神实质来看，作者的真正意图有时并不强调这些词句所表示的具体事物或概念，而是着意于一些概括性的、泛指的或一般性的事理。
譬如用deadlock （打不开的锁）来指"僵局"，用circulation desk （流通桌子）来只指"借阅处".在这种情况下，译者可以反其字面意义，从汉语中选择含义抽象、概括或笼统的译词加以表达。
这种概略化的译法更加符合事理的逻辑和汉语的表意习惯，更能给读者一个完整的印象。
一般说来，概略化的译法可分为以下两种情况：A. 具体词义概略化。
原文中某些字面意义明确具体的词语，采用汉语中含义抽象、概括的词语来表达。
例如：（1）The United States is often depicted as a nation that has been devouring the world's mineral resources.人们常把美国说成是一个挥霍世界矿物资源的国家。
（devour原义为"吞食"）（2）A single thermonuclear bomb today has the destructive force of all the bombs and other explosives of World War II.今天，一枚热核弹头的杀伤力就相当于二次大战中全部炮火的总和。
Unit11讲义人教版英语七年级下册
Unit11 How was your school trip?1.fed chickensfed 为feed的过去式译为：饲养、喂养用法：feed...on... 用...喂养...feed...to...把...喂给...feed on ...(动物)以...为主食Eg：I sometimes feed the carrot to the rabbit.She feeds the dog on meat.The horse feeds on grass.2.I saw quite a lot.a lot:许多，大量（此处作宾语）还可作表语Eg：There is a lot to do.辨析：a lot,a lot of, lots ofa lot of：许多；大量=lots of (后接可数名词复数/不可数名词) 辨析：quite &veryquite：(adv)十分，非常（修饰adj/adv）very:(adv)很，非常语气较quite重（修饰adj/adv）注意：quite &very与不定冠词连用时的位置不同：a+very+adj+n quite+a(n)+adj+nEg:a very handsome boy quite a handsome boya very interesting story quite an interesting storyEg:She sings quite well. He is quite a kind boy.This kind of fruit is very healthy. Thank you very much.3.Did you learn anything?辨析：anything&somethinganything:(不定代词)任何事物；某事物(常用于否定句/疑问句中) something:(不定代词)某事(常用于肯定句中) 但是在表示请求、建议、或征求意见的疑问句中常用something注意：(1)adj修饰不定代词，要位于其后(2)不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(3)补充其他不定代词some any no every/body thing oneEg:There isn’t anything wrong.There is something wrong with my puter.4.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.farmer:(n)农民farm:(n)农场；(v)干农活farming:(不可数n)农事Eg:The farmers are working on the farm,and there is too much farming.show sb.around...带某人到处参观...Eg:The guide shows us around the museum.与show相关的短语：show sb.sth=show sth.to sb.给...看展示on show 展览show off 炫耀show up出现5.The farmers don’t grow apples.grow:(vt)种植；栽培(vi)生长；发育Eg:Farmers in the south of China mainly grow rice.Everything begins to grow in spring.短语：grow up成长，长大grow into成长为；发展成（由一种情况变成另外一种情况）Eg:I want to be a guide when I grow up.She grows into a lovely girl.辨析：grow&plantgrow: 种植（强调过程/状态）plant：(v)种植（仅表示栽入土中，表示动作）(n)植物Eg:The farmers grow a lot of trees every year.The farmers plant lots of trees every year.There are many different plants in the garden.6....we worried it would rain.worry:(vt)担心；担忧后常接宾语从句Eg:His parents worry that their child will sick.(vt)使担心;使发愁(常接sb.作宾语)Eg:The naughty boy worries his parents.worry about sb./sth.=be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事Eg:Don’t worry about me ./Don’t be worried about me.7.Luckily,it didn’t,and the sun came out again.(1)luckily(adv)幸运地常用于句首，用逗号隔开unluckily不幸地unfortunately fortunate(adj)幸运的fortunately(adv)幸运地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变成副词的方法：改y为i再加ly Eg:happy lucky busy angry easy(2)sun moon earth star 都是世界上独一无二的事物，前面必须加the(3)e out出来；发芽；开花；出版与e相关的短语：e from来自 e on加油；快点 e back 回来e down 下来 e in 进来 e up with 提出；想出；赶上e across遇到8.expensive/cheapexpensive/cheap只能形容事物的贵贱；当谈论价格(price)时，只能用high/lowEg：The pen is cheap.=The price of the pen is low.9.All in all,it was an exciting day.all in all:总的来说;总之in a word:简言之in short:总之Eg：All in all, it’s good for you to do more exercise.辨析：all in all, in all,at allall in all:总的来说（常用于句首）eg:All in all, we had a good time. in all：总共；合计（句首/句末）eg:There are fifty students in all.at all:根本常用于“not at all”根本不Eg:He doesn’t like apples at all.与all相关的短语：all the time 一直after all 毕竟10.I didn’t like the trip at all.Not at all 用于回答感谢/道歉Eg:Thank you very much.Not at all.其它的回答：It’s my pleasure. It’s a pleasure. No problem.You’re wele. That’s all right. That’s OK.一般过去时态含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
第十一次课件英汉互译技巧
西洋人什么事都讲究按部就班地慢慢动作来， 从来没有平地登天的捷径，而我们中国人专走 捷径，而走捷径的第一个法门，就是吹牛。
While westerners go about whatever work they do methodically and patiently， never dreaming of reaching great heights in one step, we Chinese are always given to seeking a shortcut and regard the ability to boast as the master key to it.
西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事都只讲究脚踏实 地去做，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国 人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。
Because of their earnest and down-toearth approach to work, westerners are, in the eyes of Chinese smarties, next door to idiotic. They are being laughed at by Chinese smarties for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities．
2、He had fallen in love with this beautiful girl when he met her at the seaside. However, he was such a sophisticated and cautious man that he knew that revealing his love too eagerly might spoil their friendship, so he had held back his feelings and talked only of subjects likely to please Tao-ching.
Unit11英语定语从句翻译PPT课件
详细描述：直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译，尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格，但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词：意译法
详细描述：意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的句式和结构，以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然，但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词：省略法
VS
详细描述：省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化，以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句， 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是，省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格，因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
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Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Differences between E & C —E：abstract concepts & ideas
vague distinction between
concrete objects & generalized concepts
—pragmatic function (implication)
—semantic focus
—to express objectiveness —to show a formal style
Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Differences between E & C —C: covert passiveness —E: passive voice
Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Negative v.s. affirmative —perspectives of thinking —implied negative
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Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Each language has its unique ways of saying things And this is based on different aspects of view
Photo by Wiedmaier - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https:///photos/18133618@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
new Chinese-style outfits
Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Differences between E & C —C：abstract concepts & concrete
things are quite different to the
Chinese minds.
14th November, 2014 Week 11
Photo by Tc Morgan - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https:///photos/63114962@N08
Created with Haiku Deck
new Chinese-style outfits
开襟 front opening
连肩袖 the raglan sleeve
立领旗袍裙 cheongsam skirt with stand up collar
Photo by Wiedmaier - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https:///photos/18133618@N00
Created with Haiku Deck
Today’s Agenda
—review on Unit 4 (II)
—Unit 5 (I)
Photo by Wiedmaier - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https:///photos/18133618@N00
Photo by Wiedmaier - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https:///photos/18133618@N00
Created with Haiku Deck
new Chinese-style outfits
Created with Haiku Deck
Chinese President Xi Jinping, his wife Peng Liyuan and guests were all wearing Chinese-style outfits made of silk and specially designed to represent China's rich history and old tradition.
立领 stand up collar 对开襟 Chinese-style jacket with buttons down the front 连肩袖 the raglan sleeve 提花万字纹 the swastika decoration pattern 宋源自面料the Song Brocade
立领 stand up collar
对开襟 Chinese-style jacket with buttons down the front 连肩袖the raglan sleeve
双宫缎面料 douppioni
Photo by Wiedmaier - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https:///photos/18133618@N00
Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language
Translation Skills
—generalization —specification —adding category words
Passive voice
Unit 4 Different Perspectives Behind the Language