2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(52).doc

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2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(2)

2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(2) English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言1. Let's face it-English is a crazy language .There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads,which aren't sweet,are meat.翻译：让我们接受现实吧-- 英语是一种疯狂的语言。

茄子（eggplant ，字面意为鸡蛋植物）里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包（hamburger ，字面意为火腿夹饼）里也没有火腿。

同样，菠萝（pineapple ，字面意为松树苹果）里既没有松树也没有苹果。

松饼（English muffin ，字面意为英式松饼）并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条（French fries ，字面意为法式油炸食品）也不是法国人的发明。

“甜肉” （sweetmeat）指的是蜜饯，而“甜面包” （sweetbrea d）不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。

2. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes,we find that quicksand can work slowly,boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. And why it is that writers write but fingers don't fing,grocers don't groce and hammers don't ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth,why isn't the plural of booth beeth? If you have one goose,two geese,why not one moose,two meese,or one index,two indices?翻译：我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子” （quicksand ，流沙，也指陷阱，困境）往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈” （boxing rings ，拳击场）是方的，“几内亚猪” （guinea pig ，天竺鼠）既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。

中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章

中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章本篇中石油职称英语阅读文章是关于文化禁忌的，每个文化都有着相同或者不同的禁忌，当我们到达那个国家时，我们需要注意，不要冒犯了别人。

下面是店铺整理的关于文化禁忌的中石油职称英语阅读文章及习题，希望能帮到大家!Cultural Taboos 文化禁忌1. The speed and convenience of modern travel means that(引导宾语从句) destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. Therefore, it is important to adapt your behavior so that you don't insult or offend the local people. The following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier and your trip more enjoyable.1、现代旅行的速度和便捷(convenience n. 便利)意味着过去需要花很长时间才能抵达的(that used to take a long time to travel to定语从句修饰destinations; used to do sth. 过去经常做某事; travel to 走访)目的地现在可以又快又轻松地到达。

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)Managing In a Global Environment 在世界环境中实行管理1.Assume for a moment that you're a manager going to work for a branch of a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home,but how? What should you be looking for?1、此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家世界组织的国外分支机构工作.。

你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么水准呢?你理应注意些什么?2.Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section,we'll look at some of those challenges and offer guidelines for responding. Although our discussion is presented through the eyes of a U.S. manager,our analytical framework could be used by any manager who nas to manager in a foreignenvironment,regardless of national origin.2、任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。

在这个节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(59)

2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(59)The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧1.On behalf of the great state of Illinois,crossroads of a nation,Land of Lincoln,let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Tonight is a particular honor for me because,let's face it,my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student,born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats,went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father-my grandfather-was a cook,a domestic servant to the British.1、今晚我将在这里代表伟大的伊利诺伊州来向大会发表演讲，为此我感到无上荣幸。

众所周知，伊利诺伊州是全国的交通枢纽，林肯总统的发祥地。

另外，我能够站在讲台上向全党的代表发言实在是有点受宠若惊，因为坦率地讲，这对我来说几乎是做梦都想不到的事情。

请允许我先从我的出身讲起，我的父亲是个外国留学生，他土生土长在肯尼亚的一个小村庄，他从小在那里放羊，在简陋的铁皮顶小屋里上学。

他的父亲，也就是我的爷爷，是一位为别人做饭的家庭佣工。

2. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place,America,that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before. While studying here,my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world,in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty; joined Patton's army,marched across Europe. Back home,my grandmother raised a baby and went to work on a bomberassembly line. After the war,they studied on the G.I. Bill,bought a house through F.H.A.,and later moved west all the way to Hawaii in search of opportunity.2、但是我爷爷不想让我父亲步其后尘，他对我的父亲有着更大的期许和梦想。

中石化职称英语短文

（一）Origin of oil and Gas 石油和天然气的成因Oil and gas result mostly from石油和天然气大多是由缺氧环境下迅速被掩埋的死亡微生物生成的。

这种环境氧气奇缺致使这些微生物无法分解。

氧气的缺乏能够使那些死去的微生物保持它们的碳氢键——这是产生化石燃料的一种必要组分。

由板块构造运动和大陆裂谷作用（变形）而新近演化形成的大洋盆地，正好为在缺氧水域的快速埋藏提供了合适环境。

河流携带着丰富的有机残余物充填这些盆地。

由于这些盆地的水循环受到局限，因此，它们的含氧量比开阔大洋更低。

Plate tectonics is also responsible构块构造还形成了一个使有机质缓慢成熟演化成石油和天然气的“压力锅”。

油气生成过程通常要经历数百万年，从而为在板块运动背景下油气的运移提供了时间。

因为烃类化合物比水的浮力大，所以它们最终会竭力上升到地表。

同时裂谷作用，板块之间的碰撞以及其它构造力可以将沉积盆地深处成熟的石油或者天然气释放出来，并在这些有机流体逸散到地表之前，将它们圈闭在油气藏中，我们称这些油气藏为油气田。

The same plate tectonics that为缺氧条件下微生物的埋藏提供了空间和条件的板块构造运动同样对这些沉积盆地的后期地质演化起着重要作用。

大陆漂移、俯冲（一个板块俯冲到另一板块之下的过程）以及和其它大陆的碰撞作用能使沼泽、河流三角洲和温带气候区（大部分有机质沉积的地方）恰巧演变成现今的极地和沙漠环境。

(二)Evolution of Petroleum Exploration Concepts and Techniques石油勘探概念和技术的演变From the days of从圣经里的诺亚时代到OPEC（石油输出国组织）时代，石油地质学家这一职业需要越来越多的技能，要求越来越高。

早期石油都是人们满怀热情、乐观和冒险精神，在乡村信步游荡时发现的。

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(52).doc

2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(52) Sales Promotion 产品促销1. Sales promotion consists of those promotionalactivities other than advertising,personal selling,andpublicity. As such,any promotional activities that do notfall under the other three activities of the promotion mixare considered sales promotion. The trade often uses the termindiscriminately. Businesspersons may use the term“promotion ”when they actually mean “sales promotion. ”Forpurpose here,promotion is a broad term that encompasses salespromotion as well as the other three promotional activities.1、产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和宣传的推销活动。

所以，不属于以上三种推销活动的推销活动都被认为是促销。

实际生活中经常不加区分地使用这个概念。

商务人员在说“推销”时，实际上指的是“促销”。

本文中，推销是一个广义的概念，它包括促销以及其他三种推销活动。

2. The techniques of sales promotion are varied andnumerous. The common ones used arecoupons,sweepstakes,games,contests,price-offs,demonstrations,premiums,samples,and money refund offers.A combination of these can be used and sometimes is used inthe same campaign.2、推销的手段多种多样，数不胜数。

中石油职称英语真题（打印版）（可编辑修改word版）

中石油职称英语真题（打印版）（可编辑修改word版）2005年真题I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die.But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago. a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all 8. It’s difficult to divine what c onstitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City,tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood theeconomic, social and political upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has beensurviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds onsea plants and animals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “bigbuck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paidinto the social security system during their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Mostpeople who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those whodeserved it most. a. it was not given b. was given c. it was not given nor d. wasnot it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____more or less constant or declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cellscontain exact copies of the original set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond.will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit ofproducible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other saltytypes with shapes ____ and colors ____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That oneof the gifts d. One of the gifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”. a. can b. could c. may d. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big enough to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, theyare once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raiseproduction by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week. A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oilmarket, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. Bymid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come up with a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil pricesto a acceptable level, but it takes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer fromthe passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices whenthe prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can donothing with them even though they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices. Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass theabilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North Americancontinent d. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the pressshould be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after thefoundation of the Press Complaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.。

中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (50)

51. Einstein's Inspiring[激励人心的] Heir[n.继承人].爱因斯坦的激励人心的继承人、1. He is almost totally paralyzed[adj.瘫痪的], speechless and wheelchair-bound[adj.被束缚的], able to move only his facial muscles and two fingers on his left hand. He cannot dress or feed himself, and he needs round-the-clock[a.一整天的] nursing care. He can communicate only through a voice synthesizer[语音合成器], which he operates by laboriously[ad.费力的]tapping[(tap):轻敲]out words on the computer attached to his motorized[给..装发动机的] chair. Yet at age 50, despite these crushing[决定性的] adversities[(adversity):n.不幸], Stephen Hawking[霍金] has become, in the words of science writers Michael White and John Gribbin, "perhaps the greatest physicist[n.物理学家]of our time." His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, has sold 1.7 million copies around the world.1、他几乎完全瘫痪，不能说话，离不开轮椅，能够活动的只有他面部的肌肉和他左手的两个指头。

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所以，不属于以上三种推销活动的推销活动都被认为是促销。

实际生活中经常不加区分地使用这个概念。

商务人员在说“推销”时，实际上指的是“促销”。

本文中，推销是一个广义的概念，它包括促销以及其他三种推销活动。

普遍使用的手段有附在商品上的赠券、各种抽奖活动、游戏、竞赛、降价销售、产品示范、各种奖励、样品试验以及钱款返还承诺等等。

在同- 推销活动中，多种手段能够结合使用，有时也确实结合使用。

3. Sales promotion is temporary in nature. Not beingself-sustaining,its function is to supplementadvertising,personal selling,and publicity. To launchBudweiser beer in Great Britain,Anheuser-Busch employed the“American”theme. Its TV commerci als on the 4th of July andThanksgiving Day were spots filmed in California withAmerican actors. To supplement its advertising effort,thecompany used a variety of sales-promotion techniques. It madeposters,bunting,flags,pennants,T-shirts,and sweatshirtsavailable to pubs and discos for promotional parties. Budashtrays,bar towels,coasters,football pennants,and similaritems were offered for sale. Moreover,American disc jockeyswere brought in to program American music nights.3、从本质上说，促销活动具有时间短暂的特点。

因为其本身没有自我持续的水平，它的作用就是作为广告、个人销售和宣传等推销活动的补充。

为了将百威啤酒打入英国市场，Anheuser-Busch 使用了“美国”主题。

7 月4 日和感恩节的电视广告播的都是美国演员在加利福尼亚拍摄的场景。

为了增强广告力度，该公司使用了大量的促销手段，如制作海报、装饰旗和三角旗等各种旗帜以及体恤衫和汗衫等供促销团体出入酒吧和迪斯科夜总会。

同时它还制作烟灰缸、酒吧餐巾、杯垫子、杯托子、足球赛用的三角旗以及诸如此类的物品用于销售。

此外，该公司还专门邀请电台的音乐节目主持人开办美国音乐之夜。

4. Sales promotion is not restricted to the stimulationof demand at the consumer level. It may be used to gainmiddlemen's support as well. In Order to get Thai middlemento carry Foremost's dairy products,the company used leasingand conditional sales contracts to provide small retailoutlets' and restaurants with freezers for $1 if contractterms were met. Foremost also had to convince these resellersnot to store other products in the freezers and not to unplugfreezer units at night to save electricity.4、促销不但局限于拉动消费者的需求，也能够用来赢得中间商的支持。

为了使泰国的中间商销售其乳制品，Foremost 公司使用租赁和有条件销售合同以一美元的价格向那些零售小商店和饭店提供冰柜，条件是要满足合同条款。

同时，该公司还得说服这些转卖商不要在冰柜中储存其他产品，并且不要为了省电而在夜间拔去冰柜插座。

5. The use of sales promotion is not limited to consumerproducts. It can be used with industrial selling too. MisawaHomes promoted its House 55 by sending samples to U.S. Homesand Germany's Okal. Pfizer,like other drug firms,attractsdrug wholesalers by sponsoring trips and other events. Giftsare given to doctors,and doctors' wives are taken on shoppingtours.5、促销手段的使用不但仅限于消费品，它也能够用于工业销售。

MisawaHomes为了推销其House55产品而向美国的Homes公司和德国的Okal 公司寄送样品。

与此类似，Pfizer 公司同其他药品公司一样，通过组织旅游和其他活动来吸引药品批发商。

他们向医生们赠送礼品，而且组织医生的夫人们实行购物旅游。

6. The popularity of sales promotion has grown steadilyboth in the United States and overseas. A survey ofexecutives conducted by Stimulus,Canada's leading advertisingjournal,revealed a shift from media advertising to salespromotion. Compared with five years ago,three of five firmshad moved to spend more of their advertising budget on suchnonmedia alternatives as trade shows,point-of-purchasedisplays,and publicity. According to a POPAI (Point-of-Purchase Advertising Institute) -Du Pont study of shoppingbehavior in the United States,almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by in-storedecisions. If the same decision-making pattern is prevalentoutside the United States,sales promotion should prove to bejust as indispensable.6、无论是在美国还是在海外，促销活动越来越受人青睐，而且势头强劲。

加拿大的广告杂志Stimulus 对公司经理们的一项调查表明，他们已从媒体广告转向促销活动。

同五年前相比，有五分之三的公司开始在广告预算中增加对非媒体手段的投入，如交易展销、买点展示和宣传。

根据买点广告机构和杜邦公司对美国人购物行为所作的一项调查。

在超市里所有非食品购买行为中，几乎有70%源自顾客在超市内的临时决定。

如果这种购物方式能在美国以外的其他地方盛行开来，那么，将证明促销活动同样是必不可少的。

7. Sales promotion is effective when a product is firstintroduced to a market. It also works well with existingproducts that are highly competitive andstandardized,especially when they are of low unit-value andhave high turnover. Under such conditions,sales promotion isneeded to gain that “extra ”competitive advantage. AJapanese firm created a great deal of excitement in Thailandby including game cards in its detergent boxes,and consumerscould not resist buying more and more in search of thewinning cards,Likewise,most gas stations in Thailand at onetime gave free washcloths with a gas fill-up. Middlemen werealso allowed to participate in the sales-promotion program.Stores were informed of the display,and their salespeople orsales clerks were made aware of the program and benefits.7、当某种产品首次进入一个市场时，促销活动是相当有效的。