古代文学翻译

今夫弈之为数，小数也，不专心致志，则不得也。

Now chess playing is but a small art, but without his whole mind being given, and his will bent to it, a man cannot succeed at it. 鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。

二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌也。

生，我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。

I like fish and I also like bear’s paws. If I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go, and take the bear’s paws. So, I like life, I also like righteousness. If I cannot keep the two together, I will let life go and choose righteousness.心之官则思，思则得之；不思，则不得也。

T o the mind belongs the office of thinking. By thinking, it gets the right view of thing; by neglecting to think, it fails to do this.故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。

Thus, when heaven is about to confer a great office on any man, it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bone with toil. It exposes his body to hunger, and subjects him to extreme poverty. It confounds his undertakings. By all these methods it stimulates his mind, hardens his nature, and supplies his incompetencies.入，则无法家拂士；出，则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。

然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。

If a prince has not about his court families attached to the laws and worthy counselors, and if abroad there are not hostile states or other external calamities, his kingdom will generally come to ruin. From these things we see how life springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure.子路，人告之以有过，则喜；禹闻善言，则拜。

When anyone told T szd--loo that he had a fault, he rejoiced. When Yu heard good words, he bowed to the speaker.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。

Opportunities of time vouchsafed by Heaven are not equal to advantages of situations afforded by the Earth, and advantages of situations afforded by the Earth are not equal to the union arising from the accord of Men.得道者多助，失道者寡助。

He who finds the proper course has many to assist him. He who loses the proper course has few to assist him.人之患，在好为人师。

The evil of men is that they like to be teachers of others.爱人者，人恒爱之；敬人者，人恒敬之。

He who loves others is constantly loved by them. He who respects others is constantly respected by them.在上位，不凌下；在下位，不援上。

正己而不求于人，则无怨。

上不怨天，下不尤人。

In a high position, he dose not treat with contempt his inferiors. In a low situation, he does not court the favour of his superior. He rectifies himself, and seek for nothing from others, so that he has no dissatisfactions. He does not murmur against heaven, nor grumble against men.君子之道，辟如行远必自迩；辟如登高必自卑。

The way of the superior men may be compared to what takes place in traveling, when to go to a distance, we must first traverse the space that is near, and in ascending a height, we must begin from the lower ground. 老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。

Treat with the reverence due to age the elders in your own family, so that the elders in the families of others shall be similarly treated; treat with kindness due to youth the young in your own family, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.以力服人者，非心服也，力不瞻也；以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也。

When one by force subdues men, they do not submit to him in heart. They submit, because their strength isnot adequate to resist. When one subdues men by virtue, in their heart’s core they are pleased, and sincerely submit.尊贤使能，俊杰在位，则天下之士，皆悦而愿立于其朝矣。

If a ruler gives honor to men of talents and virtue and employs the able, so that offices shall all be filled by individuals of distinction and mark----then the all scholars of the empire will be pleased, and wish to stand in his court.过而不改，是谓过矣。

T o have faults and not to reform them----this, indeed, should be pronounced having faults.有教无类。

In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.饱食终日，无所用心，难以哉！Hard is it to deal with him, who will stuff himself with food the whole day, without applying his mind to anything good.心不在焉，视而不见，听而不闻，食而不知其味。

When the mind is not present, we look and do not see; we hear and do not understand; we eat and do not know the taste of what we eat.道得众，则得国；失众，则失国。

是故君子，先慎乎德，有德，此有人，有人此有土，有土此有财，有财此有用，德者，本也，财者，末也。

This shows that, by gaining people, the kingdom is gained, and, by losing people, the kingdom is lost. On this account, the ruler will take the first take pains about his virtue. Possessing virtue will give him the people. Possessing the people will give him the territory. Possessing the territory will give him its wealth. Possessing the wealth, he will have resources for expenditure. Virtue is the root; wealth is the result.志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。

The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete.工欲善其事，必先利其器。