高英修辞(1)
期末考试高级英语第一册修辞总结
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia（拟声法）：is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e。
g。
1）Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people（Para。
1)2) the squeaking and rumbling（Para. 9）bye。
g。
1) the heat and glare of a big open square （Para. 1)2)…until you rounded a corner and see a fairlyland of dancing flashes….3)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar （Para. 7) 3. alliteration(头韵): is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g。
1) …thread their way among the throngs of people （Para。
1）2）…the sellers, on the other hand, make a point of protesting4。
Hyperbole(夸张）：is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big，small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger，smaller, louder, etc. e。
高级英语第一册最常用修辞手法总结
高级英语1------常考修辞手法总结1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
高英第一册的修辞手法解析
高英第一册的修辞手法解析Figures of speechSimile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代) Personification（拟人）Euphemism（委婉）Hyperbole（夸张）Contrast（对照）Antithesis（平行对照）Parallelism（平行）Repetition（反复）Oxymoron（矛盾修饰）Irony（反语）Climax（层递）Anticlimax（突降）Onomatopoeia（拟声）Alliteration（头韵）pun（双关）transferred epithet(移就) 一Simile(明喻)Simile：(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.1. Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（tenor or subject）,喻体（vehicle or reference）和比喻词（comparative word or indicatorof resemblance）。
高级英语-第二册-修辞汇总[1]
![高级英语-第二册-修辞汇总[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/270ee0f92cc58bd63186bda1.png)
1....no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.—metaphor2. The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor3. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile4. It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.—metaphor6.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile7.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries...—metaphor8. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration9.Otherwise one will bind the conversation; one will not let it flow freely here and there.—metaphor10.When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink bank into the nameless ,mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.—alliteration3.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—hyperbole4.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews...—transferred epithet5.. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche6.Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...—simile7..I am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.—understatement8..As the storks (用白色的鹳象征白人)flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—symbolism; onomatopoetic words9. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence10. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simile; symbolism1 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration; metaphor2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—consonance(尾韵); parallelism(平行)3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4.We pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. —euphemism5.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor6.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.—metaphor7.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.—metaphor8....we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak...—metaphor9.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion...—metaphor10.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.—metaphor11.Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环)12.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion(历史典故), climax(层进)13.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis; regressionLesson41.Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor 2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody(仿拟)5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.—understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor(延喻)7 It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.—antithesisLesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly —that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy; synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche10. The strife of 1861-1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera.—transferred epithetLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge. —paregmenon(同源修辞格)2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor4....while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and th Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways form California...—alliteration；metaphor5. Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.—metonymy6.New York was never Mecca to me.—metaphor(comparing New York to Mecca); metonymy(Mecca standing for a holy place)7.Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalks trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.—personification8.The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.—euphemism9.Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.—personification10.So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.—onomatopoeia(拟声词)。
(完整word版)高级英语1修辞总结,推荐文档
Lesson 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia:is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. (Para. 5)3) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, …(Para. 5)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. … and so thick with the dust of centuries that …(Para. 8)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Contrast:e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed withhuman qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. 1) … where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, … (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Lesson 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. (Para.2) At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Para. 5)Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part(as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)little old Japan: traditional Japanese housesMetonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington”for “the United States government”or of “the sword”for “military power”.换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。
高级英语一 修辞格归纳
《高级英语（一）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。
2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。
3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。
Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出人意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反面, 其作用是加强语气,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。
(完整word版)高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. ⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate g uerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that adoor is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总(DOC)
一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake.④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。
A是B或B就是A。
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
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Lesson7 :Simile:1.their high calls rising like the swallows‟ crossing flights over the musicand the singing--simile（Para 1, line 11）2.The crowds along the racecourse are like a fields of grass and flowersin the winds.---simile(Para 6,line112)3.Children dodged in and out, their high calls risi ng like the swsllows' crossing flights over the mus ic and the singing.Metaphor:1.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor（Para 1, line 22）2.The air of morning was…under the dark blue of the sky.In the silence of the broad green meadows one coul d…broke out into the great joypus clanging of th e bells.Irony:1.To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas forthat single, small improvement; to throw away the happiness of thousands for the chance of the happiness of one: that would be to let guilt within the walls indeed.(paragraph 10)2.I thought at first there were no drugs, but that ispuritanical.(para3)3.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when theybegin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.(para12)Personification:1.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one another, they were vastly excited, the horse being the only animal who has adopted our ceremonies as his own.(paragraph 1)Transferred aepithet:The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes. (P8.)The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign gray beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.(P4.)Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.(Lesson 7; Pa12 )Alliteration: It has been afraid too long ever to be free of fear.(Lesson 7; Pa12 )Alliteration:These young spectators are always shocked and sickened at the sight.To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas for thatsingle.Lesson8:Metaphor：1.Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars.2.a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full colour.3. Some cancer in their character has eaten away theie Englishness.4. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow -feeling ……5. But it is safe to say that while English may reluctantly accept bigness, its monsters are never heartily welcomed.6. A futher necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.7.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they havefallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline havingvanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.(Para.11)8.But it needs reinforcement, extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve it.(Para.14)9..Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostlycampaigns...(Para.14)10.But those roots must be needing nourishment.( Para.15)11..Enghlishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest. (Para.15)Antithesis：1. And there is now not only Industrial bigness; there is also scientific bigness, needing more and more to discover less and less. Transferred epithet:1.America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves. (para.5)Euphemism:1.America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves, too many exhausted salesmen taking refuge in bars and breaking up their homes. (para.5)Metonymy：1.But there not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor ……2. Whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair. (lesson 8. P15)Personification:Recent years have “robbed us of immortal things”. (P ara.15)Simile:...who seem to regard politics as a game but not one of their games-polo,let us say.(Para.14)Synecdoche:Otherwise they could soon learn, in the worst way,that heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.(Para.14) Lesson11:Metaphor:1.It is the science of planetary housekeeping. （Lesson11 , Para.3）2.If the helmsman turns the rudder too far in response to a small deflection of the compass–which signals the helmsman to correct his overreaction by an opposite movement.（Lesson11 ，Para.6）3..the ecological network is an amplifier（Lesson11,Para.18）Simile:The operation of the ecological cycle, like that of the ship, soon brings the situation back into balance. ( Lesson11, Para.7)Alliteration:If the entire cyclical system is to remain in balance, the overall rate of turnover must be governed by the slowest step-----in this case, the growth and metabolism of the fish. (Lesson11 , Para14）。