分词和定语从句的切换
高考重难点语法-定语从句和分词短语的转化
定语从句与分词短语的转换英语的表达方式是非常灵活而又多种多样的。
人们常常用各种不同的形式、措辞去表示同一个意思。
英语定语从句与分词短语的转换就是其中之一，这就是说，在表达同一个意思时常可用定语从句和分词短语两种不同的表达方式。
然而，我们不能见到定语从句，就可随意将其改为分词短语作定语的句子，而要视情况而定。
以下从三个方面对定语从句与分词短语的转换作些介绍。
主动式定语从句与分词短语的转换在主动式定语从句中，如关系代词作从句中的主语，其谓语是一个行为动词时，在以下情况下，一般都可转换为相应的分词短语。
a.定语从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词在时间上是一致的，这主要见于两种情况:一是主从句的谓语动词都是一般过去时二是主从句的谓语动词都是一般现在时例如:He used to live in the house which faced south.→ He used to live in the house facing south .他过去常常住在面向南里的那间房The students who study here are mostly from peasant families.→ The students studying here are mostly from peasant families.在这里学习的学生大部分是农民家庭出身。
b.从句的谓语动词是进行时态，主句的谓语动词可以是一般现在时、过去时或其他时态。
例如:The man that is talking with Mary is my brother.→ The man talkin g with Mary is my brother .跟玛丽谈话的那个人是我哥哥Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man who will be at that desk.→ Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man sitting at that desk .你明天来，把你的签证给坐在那个桌子边的那个人看看。
分词做定语和状语与定语从句和状语从句的转换12 1
• 分词短语作定语与定语从句之间的转换 • 分词短语作状语与状语从句之间的转换
分词短语作定语与定语从句 之间的转换
• The meeting held last week is very important. • =The meeting which was held last week is very important. • 过去分词短语作定语，表被动
• Tell the boy playing there not to make loud noise. • =Tell the boy who is playing there not to make loud noise。 • 现在分词短语作定语，表主动且动作正在进行.
• 练习题：32E 1，4，6，9，12
• 主语+think/find/consider+it(形式宾语）+不 定式/宾语从句（真正宾语）
It的其他结构
• It seems that John is not coming er all.
• =John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
• It seems +表语从句 • =表语从句主语+seem+不定式做表语
• The house standing on the corner of the street was built in 1955.
• =The house which stands on the corner of the street was built in 1955
• 现在分词短语作定语，表主动
11 醉翁亭记
1．反复朗读并背诵课文，培养文言语感。
现在分词与定语从句转换-推荐下载
(2) 形容词 + 介词 +doing sth Be busy in doing ; be occupied in; be interested in ; be responsible for doing sth..
(3) 主语+ have + fun\ pleasure \a good time\ trouble \ difficulty \ problem in doing sth ;have no hesitation in doing sth
occupied in doing sth;
(2)Sth need \ require\ want doing
(3) allow\ permit\forbid\advice doing sth
(4) 练习
<a> The light in the office is still on. He forgot
Can’t
stand doing sth; devote to doing sth; look forward to doing sth, stick to doing sth;
be
used to doing sth,
object to doing sth; be busy in doing sth; adapt to doing sth; be
动名词和现在分词的用法
Doing (1)
【内容】
(1) 动名词和现在分词
(2) 现在分词与过去分词对比应用：状语， 表语， 伴随或方式， 原因，条件，让步等
(3) 现在分词作定语时与定于从句之间的转化。
(4) 现在分词作状语与状语从句的转化。
一． 动名词：
定语从句与定语或状语间的转化
定语从句与定语或状语间的转化在转化的过程中是限定性的定语从句仍需要转化成限定性，非限定性的仍需要转化为非限定性的。
定语从句与分词的转化分为以下几种情况：一、直接转化为-ing或-ed 形式这种形式只需去掉定语从句中的who/which is/was/are/were即可。
如：The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan. 正在跳舞的姑娘刚从台湾回来。
I love the stories (which were)written by Hemingway. 我喜欢海明威写的小说。
2、将动词的形式重新进行-ing形式转化Look at that house. That is my home which stands at the top of the mountain.转化为：Look at that house. That is my home standing at the top of the mountain. 瞧，那就是我的家，座落在山顶上。
My sister, who lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing.转化为：My sister, having lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing. 我姐姐在法国住过多年，现在住在北京。
3、有些非限定性定语从句可以转化为分词式的定语或状语（1）My mother, who hasn’t been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country. 我妈妈由于不习惯于住在城市，决定到乡村定居。
转化为：My mother, not having been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country.或转化为；Not having been used to living in the city, my mother had made up her mind to settle in the country.（2）Charles, who was a brave man, returned to France.转化为：Being a brave man, Charles returned to France. 勇敢的查里斯回到了巴黎。
分词与从句的转换
分词的形式：(not ) doing现在分词的一般式（主动、进行）(not ) done过去分词的一般式（被动、完成）(not ) being done分词的进行被动式（被动、进行）(not ) having done分词的完成式（主动、完成）谓语与分词非谓语转换的一般原则do/does/didis/are doingwas/were doing--- doingis/are/was/were done--- doneis being done--- being donehas/have done--- having donehas/have been done--- (having been) done分词与从句的转换1 分词作定语，相当于定语从句1) The hospital was an oldbuilding that/which was built in 1931.--- The hospital was an old building built in 1931.2) Do you know the girl whois standing over there?--- Do you know the girl standing over there?3) The man who spoke to usthe other day has gone toLondon.--- The man speaking to us the other day has gone toLondon.4) He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who were exposed to cholera.--- He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.5) He found that it came from the river which was polluted by the dirty water.--- He found that it came from the river pollutedby the dirty water.6) He immediately told the people in Broad Street who were astonished to remove the handle from the pump.--- He immediately told the astonished people inBroad Street to removethe handle from thepump.7) He found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.--- He found supporting evidence from two otherdeaths linked to the Broad Street outbreak.8) The building which is being built is a new hospital.--- The building being built is a new hospital.2.分词作状语，相当于状语从句：1) While I was waiting for thebus, I caught sight of her.--- （While）waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.2) As he was educated by theparty, he became a great fighter.--- Educated by the party,he became a greatfighter.3) Because I hadn’t receivedan answer, I wrote to him again.--- Not having received an answer, I wrote to himagain.4) If we had been givenenough time, we could have done it better.--- If (having been) givenenough time, we couldhave done it better5) Though he had made greatachievements, he didn’t pride.--- Though having made great achievements, hedidn’t pride.2.分词作状语，相当于并列句或可以与with转换：1) He died, and left hisdaughter much money.--- He died, leaving his daughter much money.2) The teacher entered theclassroom, followed by his students.--- The teacher entered the classroom and hisstudents followed him.The teacher entered theclassroom and he wasfollowed by his studentsThe teacher entered theclassroom with hisstudents following him.3. 独立主格作状语，相当于状语从句journey．--- The shower being over，we continued ourjourney．disappointed．--- All the tickets (havingbeen) sold out，they wentaway disappointed．4. 分词做表语或宾补1) He got interested in the two theories explaining how cholera killed people.2) He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.3) He was frightened and his mind was confused.4) He found that the windowswere broken.--- He found the windowsbroken.5) I found that my heart wasbeating fast at the newsof bomb explosion.--- I found my heartbeating fast at the newsof bomb explosion.练习：1. A man was arrested by the police. What was his name? (合并成简单句)--- What was the name of the man arrested by the police?2.There is a young woman who is dressed in green. （改成简单句）--- There is a young woman dressed in green.3.The concert which was given by the band was a great success. （改成简单句）--- The concert given by the band was a great success.4.What’s the language spoken in that area? （改成复合句）--- What’s the language which/ that is spoken in that area?5.We’ve already reached the target set in the program. （改成复合句）--- We’ve already reached the target that / which was set in the program.6.站在门口的那个人是我的爸爸。
现在分词代替定语从句
现在分词代替定语从句现在分词代替定语从句现在分词是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分。
下面是店铺整理的现在分词代替定语从句，欢迎大家阅读参考，希望帮助到你。
【定语从句改为分词短语的方法】关系词充当从句的主语时，如果谓语结构为实词，将关系代词进行省略，而从句中的实词要发生形式的改变。
如果原本从句是一个主动语态，可以将动词直接变成ing形式。
如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态，可以直接保留过去分词。
如果谓语结构为be+名词，这时，可以将be动词同时省略，将后面的名词和前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。
①若作主语的关系代词之后有be动词, 删去关系代词和be动词即成分词短语。
Watch the man whois coming this way.=Watch the mancoming this way.注意向这边走来的那个人。
②若作主语的关系代词之后没有be动词而为一般动词，则删去关系代词，再将动词改为现在分词。
无论时态是不是过去时，都要改为doing形式，如果主句时态是现在时，从句是过去时，则可以去掉关系代词，加having，改一般过去时动词为done的形式，不过这种情况很少见。
Anyone who wishesto leave early may do so.=Anyone wishing toleave early may do so.任何想要早一点儿离开的人都可以离开。
③若做主的关系代词之后有be动词加过去分词的被动语态，则去掉关系代词以及be动词。
An apple that iseaten belongs to me.=An apple eatenbeongs to me.这个被吃掉的苹果是我的。
【状语从句改为分词短语的方法】①先将引导状语从句的`连接词去掉。
②状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，再把状语从句的主语去掉, 如不相同则保留。
定语从句与分词的转化
★Study the model and change the attributive clauses into participles.This is the handbook which was introduced by the engineer.→This is the handbook introduced by the engineer.1.A letter which is posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.2.He is a man who is loved by everyone.3.We have to pay taxes on goods which are imported from aboard.4.Posters which are printed can be seen everywhere.5.The book that was written in 1957 tells of the struggle of the miners.6.The material, which was discovered by accident, has saved many people’s lives.7.Any article that is left in these buses will be taken to the Lost Office at once.8.Any people who have broken the rules must be punished.9.A prosperity that had never seen before appeared in the countryside.10.Nearly half the 149 articles that were presented were new compositions.11.Plants that are raised in hot-houses are unlikely to be healthy enough.12.All the factories and shops that were built last year were Chinese-designed.13.This project, which was designed by Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years and seven months.14.The river, which is polluted by the factories, looks terrible.15.These wives, who were attached to kitchens, had no personal spare time.16.The temple, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.17.I hate to see letters which are written in pencil.18.We must keep a secret of the things that are being discussed here.19.Everyone was frightened by the mouse that was being chased by a cat.20.Do you like the eggs that are being fried in the pan?21.Can you see the boy who is being scolded by his roommates.22.The picture which is being painted will be sent to foreigners as a present.23.You are invited to our party that will be given at our institute at 7:30 pm Dec.2.24.The meeting that will be held next week is looked forward to by everyone.25.Who is willing to look after the deer that will be sent back to nature?★Observe the model carefully and deal with the rest in the same way.They were encouraged by these successes. They decided to do further research. →Encouraged by these successes, they decided to do further research.1.We were deeply moved by the movie. We wiped our tears off from time to time.2.The bridge was built in 1193. It is over 700 years old.3.The halls were lit by countless electric lights. The halls were as bright as day.4.Jack was injured in the accident. He was sent to hospital at once.5.Grace was told that the exam had begun. She was so anxious that she cried.6.He was much interested. He agreed to give it a try.7.The two young wives were delighted. They thought up many new ideas too.8.The mountains are covered by snow. They look very beautiful.9.Mary was made grateful. She thanked again and again.10.My father has been taught by mistakes and setbacks. He has become wiser.11.The boat sailed on. It was driven by a strong wind.12.The president entered the hall. He was followed by a couple of bodygugards.13.Granny was supported by a nurse. She went out into the garden.14.The tiger is kept in the cage. It can not escape.15.The horse is tied to a tall tree. It can not reach the grass around him.★Study the example and rewrite the following sentences.As he was born into a farmer family. He had only two years of schooling.→Born into a farmer family,he had only two years of schooling.1.As he was tired by the journey. He soon fell asleep.2.As they were fired by the boss. They had to hunt new jobs.3.Once the town was seen from the tower. It looks beautiful.4.If meat is kept in a fridge. It should remain edible for at least three months.5.When the boy was asked to make a speech in public. He became speechless.6.Though he has been beaten many times. He doesn’t remember his faults.7.If we are compared with you. We still have a long way to go.8.Once a tiger is set free. It will become a danger to people.9.While we were being shown around the school. We learned that some peoplewere there for exchange of experience.10.Ling Ming is the tallest if he is compared with other engineers.★Supply the correct form of the verb in these sentences.1.I have been watching the girls _____(cook).2.Did you see the boy________(fall)?3.Look at the rain ________(come) down.4.I never heard him ________(say) the word before.5.Did you noticed anyone __________(come) in?6.I would like to listen to birds__________(sing) in the wood.7.I can smell the cakes _________(cook).8.He felt a stone _________(hit) his back.9.I saw a light __________(burn) in his window.10.I heard someone _____________(knock) at the door.11.We watched him _________(get) on the truck and ___________(drive) away.12.Did you noticed anyone________(walk) behind you?13.She could feel the rain __________(beat) against her face.14.You mustn’t keep him _________(wait).15.Then he felt his hat ____________(blow) away.16.I’ve never heard the word __________(use) in spoken English.17.They often saw the boy_________(teach) by his teacher.18.I’ll have the book__________(bring) over to you.19.I’ll have someone___________(bring) the book over to you.20.Where did you get your watch _________(repair).21.I could see the trees ____________(reflect) in the swimming-pool.22.If you wish anything__________(change), please say so.23.He once heard the song _________(sing).24.He was glad to see her children ________(take care of ) in the kindergarten.25.He was surprised to find her room _____( clean) .26.When you talk, you should at least make yourself ________(understand).27.He wanted his eggs __________(fry).28.Once we caught him _______ ( sleep)in class.29.When I enter the room, I found him _________(read ) something aloud.30.They watched the sun ________ (set) behind the trees.31.You’ll find the topic___________(discuss) everywhere.32.As we went close to the village, we saw new houses ________(put up).★Join each pair of sentences and put one of them into a participial phrase.He rushed into the room. His face was covered with sweat.→He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.1.There a group of peasants were weeding the garden. Their trousers were rolled totheir knees.ter that autumn,he prepared to return to his institute. His work was finished.3.Her eyes were filled with tears. She didn’t see him enter.4.If all things are considered. Her paper is of great value than yours.5.Since the key is lost, we cannot go anywhere.6.He was lying on the grass. His hands were crossed under his head.7.She waited at the gate. Her bags were placed in a taxi.8.As the sun had set, we had to stop at the village for the night.9.They were wet with sweat. Their shirts were soaked through.10.All the compositions had been written and collected. The teacher sent the studentshome.总结一．过去分词也象现在分词一样来自定语从句、并列句或并列谓语、状语从句、SVOC句型和独立结构。
与定语从句转化
2．过去分词(被动关系、动作完成、）与定语从句 的相互转化 They are cleaning the leaves which have fallen on the ground. = They are cleaning the leaves fallen on the…(完成) The boy called Tom is my best friend. = The boy who was called Tom is …(被动)
eg.She was invited to a party to be held that night. =She was invited to a party which was going to be held that night. There are a lot of things to be discussed at tomorrow meeting. =There are a lot of things that will be discussed at tomorrow meeting.
• 短语作定语与定语从句间的转化： 1.介词短语与定语从句的相互转化 The students in the classroom are reading. = The students who are in the classroom are…. eg. The book in his hand is an intersting novel. = The book which is in his hand is an…
The man who was devoted to the experiment forgot to go home. =The man devoted to the experiment… The end of the men who are addicted to drugs is death . =The end of the men addicted to drugs ……
现在分词与定语从句转换
Doing (1)【内容】(1)动名词和现在分词(2)现在分词与过去分词对比应用：状语，表语，伴随或方式，原因，条件，让步等(3)现在分词作定语时与定于从句之间的转化。
(4)现在分词作状语与状语从句的转化。
一．动名词：【定义】相当于名词，在句中作主语；宾语；表语。
【构成形式】主动：doing sth 被动：being doneHaving done having been done.【应用】1.做主语。
(1)当动词短语或动词位于句首时做主语。
被看作单数不可数名词。
主语较长时用it代替主语。
(2) 特殊句型。
It is no use doing sthIt is useless doing sthIt is no good doing sthIt is a waste of time doing sthIt is worthwhile doing sthThere is no point\ use in doing sthThere is nothing wore than doing sth 没什么比做…更糟糕的。
(3) 练习一下。
<a> 听到这个坏消息使他哭了起来。
<b> 开快车是非常危险的。
<c> 已经错过了早班车已经使她很担忧。
<d> 看那本书是浪费时间。
2.作动词宾语。
(1)Forbid doing sth; allow doing sth ，advocate doing sth ; admit doing sth ; Advise\ suggest doing sth; risk doing sth; appreciate doing sth; enjoy doing sth; Envy doing sth; avoid doing sth; consider doing sth; delay doing sth; deny doing sth. Dislike doing sth; escape doing sth; excuse doing sth; finish doing sth; forgive doing sth. Understand doing sth; give up doing sth; imagine doing sth; keep doing sth; mind doing sth. Miss doing sth , practice doing sth, put off doing sth, resist doing sth; can’t help doing sth; Can’t stand doing sth; devote to doing sth; look forward to doing sth, stick to doing sth; be used to doing sth, object to doing sth; be busy in doing sth; adapt to doing sth; be occupied in doing sth;(2)Sth need \ require\ want doing(3) allow\ permit\forbid\advice doing sth(4) 练习<a> The light in the office is still on. He forgot (turn) it off.<b> Don’t you remember (see)the man before?<c> I can’t bear (laugh).<d> you will forbid (photograph) in the park.= you will in the park.<e> Your composition needs (correct) .= Your composition needs .做介词宾语(1) 动词+ 介词+ doing sthBe used to doing ; be related to doing; get down to doing ; be given to doing =be addicted to doing ; put one’s mind to doing ; give rise to (引起); be equal to doing sth ; devote one’s to doing sth ; lead to doing sth; object to doing ; look forward to doing sth; be opposed to doing sth ; stop\ keep\ prevent sb from doingh sth; protect sb from doing sth; forbid sb from doing sth; Remind sb of doing sth ; Warn sb of doing sth ; Rob sb of doing sth; inform sb of doing sth ; accuse sb of doing sth ; feel like doing sth.(2) 形容词+ 介词+doing sthBe busy in doing ; be occupied in; be interested in ; be responsible for doing sth..(3) 主语+ have + fun\ pleasure \a good time\ trouble \ difficulty \ problem in doing sth;have no hesitation in doing sth(4) what\ how about doing sth (征求意见)(5)go + shopping\ swimming\ camping\ climbing\hiking\ running\skating\ walking\ sightseeing\dancing\ fishing\ riding\ jogging\ hunting\ driving\ boating ……练习<a> I used to (get) up late , but now I am used to (get) up early.<b> The rain prevented us from (go) out .<c> She objects to (marry) me.<d> 你对打篮球感兴趣吗？<e> 我读懂他有困难。
【免费下载】现在分词与定语从句转换
It is a waste of time doing sth
It is worthwhile doing sth
There is no point\ use in doing sth
There is nothing wore than doing sth 没什么比做…更糟糕的。
(3) 练习一下。
<a> 听到这个坏消息使他哭了起来。
(4) what\ how about doing sth (征求意见)
(5)go + shopping\ swimming\ camping\ climbing\hiking\ running\skating\ walking\
sightseeing\dancing\ fishing\ riding\ jogging\ hunting\ driving\ boating ……
<b> 开快车是非常危险的。
<c> 已经错过了早班车已经使她很担忧。
<d> 看那本书是浪费时间。
2. 作动词宾语。
(1)Forbid doing sth; allow doing sth ，advocate doing sth ; admit doing sth ; Advise\ suggest
doing sth; risk doing sth; appreciate doing sth; enjoy doing sth; Envy doing sth; avoid
doing sth; consider doing sth; delay doing sth; deny doing sth. Dislike doing sth; escape
doing sth; excuse doing sth; finish doing sth; forgive doing sth. Understand doing sth;
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1电在人们日常生活中得到广泛应用，因为它便于输送和转换为其它形式。
Electricity, which can be easily transmitted and changed into other forms of energy, has found wide application in daily life.
Easily transmitted and changed into other forms of energy, Electricity has found wide application in our daily life.
2因为在底特律可以筹集到建造机器所需的资金，所以Tom向妻子建议搬回底特律住。
Tom suggested to his wife that they move back to Detroit where he could get the necessary money to build his machine.
Capable of raising fund for the construction of the machine in Detroit, Tom suggested to his wife that they move back there.
3西方看到了几颗星星，小镇的灯光没能使它们暗淡。
H e could see a few stars to the west, where the lights of the town didn’t blur them out.
Not blurred out by the lights of the town, stars could be seen to the west.
4由于我们未能及时发货给你方造成了不便，我方表示歉意。
We apologize for the inconvenience on you that has been caused by our delay in delivery. Causing you inconvenience for the late delivery, we apologize for it.
5他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually rude and annoying.
Mrs. Smith being more than usually rude and annoying, he didn’t want to talk to her any more.
1一个人如果只关心自己不关心他人，那他就不能够和别人搞好关系。
A person who cares more about himself can not get on well with others.
If caring more about himself, a person can not get well with others.
2一个人如果了解外国的风俗习惯，那么当他出国时他就能很容易地适应当地生活。
Anyone who knows of foreign customs will get adapted to the local life more easily when he goes abroad.
If knowing of foreign customs, a person will get adapted to the local life more easily when he goes abroad.
3你怎么可能了解一个来自和你完全不同背景的人呢？
How can you understand someone who comes from a completely different background? Coming from a completely different background, he could not be understood by others.
4外国学生如想提高自己的阅读能力，下列各项原则可能有所帮助。
The following principles might be helpful for foreign students who wish to increase their reading skill
If foreign students wishing to increase their reading skill, the following principles might be helpful to them.
Ⅲ
1她坚持要再买一张床，尽管她几乎没有此需要。
She insisted on buying another bed, which she hardly had use for.
Though having no use for another bed, she insisted on buying another one.
2尽管我的助手在做实验之前已仔细阅读过说明书，但是他还是未能得到满意的结果。
My assistant, who had carefully read through the instruction before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results.
Though having carefully read through the instruction before doing his experiment, my assistant could not obtain satisfactory results.
3 The problem, which is complicated, has been solved.
4 Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating.
5 Mrs. Smith who has been married to her husband for nearly 20 years, still doesn’t know him very well.
Ⅳ
1他服了中药，结果缓解了症状。
He took Chinese medicine，which relieved his symptoms.
He took Chinese medicine, thus relieving his symptoms.
2 Scientists say this could lead to design changes in airplanes that would save hundreds of millions of dollars in fuel costs.
3 They tried to crack down the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
Ⅴ
1司机开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。
A driver who is driving mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.
When driving, a driver mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.
2 Electrical energy that is supplied to a Lamp can be turned into light energy.。