国际贸易实务Chapter8

3)Methods and standards of Inspection
Different methods and standards will certainly produce different conclusions and results, which can have a significant implication to both the seller and the buyer. Therefore, it is important for the two parties to agree upon the methods and standards when they conclude a deal within the limit of law they must observe.
With regard to time, re-inspection can be conducted a specified number of days after the ship's arrival at the port of destination. When it is allowed in the contract, reinspection must be carried out within a time limit, usually 30-180 days after discharge or ship's arrival, which should be set according to the nature of commodity and the unloading facilities at the port of destination.
Most frequently used certificates are:
Inspection Certificate of Quality Inspection Certificate of Quantity Inspection Certificate of Weight Inspection Certificate of Origin Inspection Certificate of Value Inspection Certificate of Health Sanitary Inspection Certificate Veterinary Inspection Certificate
(2)Certificate
Certificate is a general name and it can be issued to include different items of inspection such as weight, quality, packaging, etc. Certificates are used to verify where the goods are in conformity with the terms of contract.
Acceptance means that the buyer has the control of goods with consent regarding the goods delivered. Receipt does not mean acceptance and acceptance means more than receipt
Private inspection companies can be semi-official due to government authorization that inspect results.
e.g. Underwriter's Laboratory of the U.S., Lloyd's Surveyor of the UK, International Wool Secretariat, China National Import & Export Commodities Inspection Corporation
There are four ways to stipulate the place and time of inspection of quality and quantity.
Shipping quality and quantity Landed quality and quantity Inspection at the port of shipping and re-inspection at the port of destination Shipping quantity and landed quality
One, they can agree to describe the standards in the contract. Two, they can choose to use the standards. Three, international standards can be used.
Reason
1.buyer wants to get his money‘s worth according to the contract,which has stipulations with regard to quality, quantity,measurment, weight packing,etc.
•The type of agency chosen to carry out inspection should be permitted by relevant laws that may require certain type of commodity to be inspected by a particular type of agency. If there is no specific Requirement of law, he agency should be acceptable to both the buyer and the seller.
5)Re-inspection
Receipt means that the goods have Come into the control of the buyer without regard to ownership or to agreement to any aspect of the goods .
Reason
3.we should also remember that certain import commodities are subject to mandatory inspection under a country's laws and regulations and cannot be exempted from inspection ,even if the importer or the exporter or the exporter wants to apply for an exemption ,because a country has its own compulsory standards covering quality , specifications ,quantity, weight ,packing, labeling, and requirements for safety and hygiene
Content
1)Place and time of inspection 4)Re-inspection
2)Inspection agency and certificate
5)Re-inspection
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3)Methods and standards of Inspection
Contents Inspection Force majeure Private dispute resolun
Commodity inspection,therefore,is an indispensable part of international trade and inspection clause is an indispensable clause of a contract to protect the interests of both the buyer and the seller while cargo standards may vary enormously from country to country.
For one contract. Only one method and one standard should be used to ensure consistency in inspection.
4)Re-inspection
If re-inspection is permitted by the contract, the time and place of re-inspection should be set out clearly. The choice of the time and place is largely related to the nature of commodity.
With regard to the place of reinspection, there are several alternatives: on the dock, in bond (before paying Customs duty), final destination, buyer's business premises. The choice of the place of reinspection depends mainly on the nature of the commodity.