英语构词法中的派生法

派生法（derivation）: 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或相反的词。

前缀(prefix): 一般改变意义，不改变词性。

表示否定的：

dis-, like---dislike, appear---disappear, agree---disagree,

cover---discover,

il-, legal---illegal, literate---illiterate；

im-, possible---impossible, polite---impolite,mortal-immortal;

in-, correct---incorrect, direct---indirect, complete---incomplete;

ir-, regular-irregular, relative---irrelative,

revocable---irrevocable, capable of being revoked; able to be cancelled, revoke: (transitive) to take back or withdraw; cancel; rescind ⇒ to revoke a

law2. (intransitive) cards to break a rule of play by failing to follow suit when able to do so; renege,renege. (intransitive; often foll by on) to go back (on

one's promise, etc)

mis-,“错误，坏” take---mistake, understand---misunderstand, fortune---misfortune, lead---mislead, mischievous；mal-, “坏，恶的”function---malfunction, maladroit笨拙的(mal+adroit灵巧的) adjective 1. skilful or dexterous 2. quick in thought or reaction,

malevolent恶意的(male+vol意志+ent→坏意志) 1. wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; malicious 2. astrology having an evil influence；

non-,“不，非”’ fiction---non-fiction, non-cooperation, non-negotiable,

non-stop直达的,non-profit, non-commercial；

un-, “不，非”happy---unhappy, fair---unfair, like---unlike(不像)，

certain-uncertain,known-unknown,usual-unusual,important-unimportant, accessable---unaccessable, accountable---unaccountable, fold-unfold,

前缀a-，① 加在单词或词根前面,表示”不,无,非”， acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的)

asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的) ；amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意：immoral apolitical.不关政治的(a+political政治的) anemia 反常的

(a+nomal正常的+ous)

② 加在单词前,表示”在…,…的” ，asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉)，

aside 在边上(a+side旁边)，ahead 在前地(a+head头)，alive 活的(a+live 活)

awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗)，alike(相似的，一样的)；

前缀中的： anti-, “反对，抵抗, against，opposed to，opposite of，instead”，anti-war, antitrust, antibiotic, antioxidant,antibody, antigen, anti-semitic等；

auto-, “自动的，self, personally, 表示自己”， automate, automation 自动化， autograph 亲笔，autoalarm 自动报警器，autocriticism 自我批评，autorotation 自动旋转，autobiography 自传，autonomous

[ɔː'tɑːnəməs]a. 自治的；automatic, automatically, autonomy, automobile，automated, autopsy, autograph亲笔签名，手稿, automotive, ,autocrat 独裁者,autocracy，automata, automaton, autoclave, automaker, autoindex自动索引；

co-, “共同”，coworker, collegiate, colleague, cooperate;

en-, “使”，enlarge, encourage, enhance, enable, enact, enroll, encompass,

inter-,“相互，between在---之间”， international, internet, interview, intercontinental洲际的，interchange, interfere, interrupt, interpose,

mini-, “小”， minibus, ,miniskirt, miniature, minify, minimum, minimal 最低限度的，

pre-,“在---之前”，pre-school, pre-reading, preview,

precede v. to go or be before (someone or something) in time, place, rank, etc,