Academic Paragraph
成人学位英语作文万能模板及范文
成人学位英语作文万能模板及范文英文回答：Introduction。
In the realm of adult education, acquiring a university degree holds immense significance, opening doors to career advancements, personal fulfillment, and lifelong learning. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive guide to approaching adult degree programs in English, offering valuable insights and a versatile essay template that can serve as a foundation for success.Planning。
1. Set Clear Goals: Determine your motivations and aspirations for pursuing a degree. Establish specific, achievable goals that align with your career and personal aspirations.2. Research Programs: Explore various universities and their degree offerings. Consider factors such as program structure, curriculum, faculty expertise, and reputation to find the best fit for your needs.3. Meet Admission Requirements: Review the admission criteria for your chosen programs, including GPA requirements, standardized test scores, and application deadlines. Ensure that you meet all necessary prerequisites.Writing the Essay。
雅思阅读练习 ielts_academic_reading_practice_test_21
IELTS reading passage - What Do Whales FeelWhat Do Whales Feel?A.Some senses in Cetaceans are reduced or are absent or don't work in water, but we andother terrestrial mammals take these for granted. For example, toothed species are unable to smell which is evident from their brain structure. On the other hand, Baleen species havesome similar brain structures but it is not understood whether these are functional. As theblowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head it has been speculated that the neural pathways serving a sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. The nerves servingthese have degenerated or are rudimentary even though some cetaceans have taste buds.B.The sense of touch has been sometimes reported to be weak too, but it is mostly mistaken.Trainers comment on their captive dolphins and small whales' responsiveness to beingtouched or rubbed. Free- ranging and captive cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact.Stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species and this contact may help to maintain order within a group. Captive animals often object to being touched around thearea of the blowhole as it is sensitive there.C.The sense of vision is developed in different species to different degrees. Baleen species,specifically a grey whale calf, studied in captivity at close quarters underwater for a year, and humpback whales and free-ranging right whales, studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii, have tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can see to a certain extent both inwater and in air. However, the position of the eyes limits the field of vision in baleen whalesthat do not have stereoscopic vision.D.The position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises on the other hand, indicates that theyhave stereoscopic vision downward and forward. The eye position in freshwater dolphins,which often swim upside down or on their side while feeding, suggests that the vision theyhave is stereoscopic upward and forward. In comparison, the bottlenose dolphin hasextremely keen eyesight in water. Judging from the way it tracks and watches the flying fish, it can also see well through the air-water interface as well. Even though the initial experimental evidence indicates that their vision in air is low, the precision with which dolphins spring high to catch small fish out of a trainer’s hand gives anecdotal evidence to the contrary.E.With no doubt these variations can be explained with reference to the habitats in whichindividual species have grown. For example, to species inhabiting clear open waters, vision is more useful than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. For instance, the Chinese beiji and South American boutu appear to have very limited sight, and the Indian susus areblind, their eyes reduced to slits that mostly allow them to recognise only the intensity of light and direction.F.Even though the sense of taste and smell appear to have declined, and vision in waterappears to be unknown, such shortcomings are compensated for by cetaceans’well-developed auditory sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of voice they generate, and many hunt their prey using echolocation. Primarily large baleenwhales use lower frequencies and are often restricted in their repertoire. The complex,haunting utterances of the humpback whales and the song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer are notable exceptions. Toothed species in general produce a wider variety ofsounds and more frequency spectrum than baleen species (though the sperm whaleapparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Few of the complicated sounds are also clearly communicative. The role they play in the ‘culture’ and social life of cetaceans has been more of a wild speculation than of solid science. What Do Whales Feel IELTS reading questionsQuestions 1-5Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Toothed species are unable to1_______.Blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the2_____.Captive animals often object to being touched around the area of the3______.The sense of4________is developed in different species to different degrees.The bottlenose dolphin has an extremely keen5________in water.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? WriteYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO, if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this6. Stroking or touching may help to maintain order within a group.7. Captive animals like being touched around the area of the blowhole8. Dolphins live up to the age of 30.9. Chinese Beiji and South American Boutu have very limited sight.Questions 10-15The reading passage has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-vii, as your answer to each question.i. Habitat of whalesii. Absence of senses in Cetaceansiii. Voice of whalesiv. Responsiveness to touchv. Position of eyesvi. The size of whalesvii. Sense of vision10. Paragraph A11. Paragraph B12. Paragraph C13. Paragraph D14. Paragraph E15. Paragraph F。
Academic Writing(学术英语写作)中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
Academic Writing（学术英语写作）中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.__________ is a very unique genre in academic context for it recalls what youhave learned.答案:Reflective writing2.__________ will contain raw data and other materials not central to the mainwork.答案:Appendix3.__________are a way of combing two sentences which have a close relationshipinto one.答案:Semicolons4.What is problem in the following statement?"Many people like large families."答案:Unspecific language5.What hedgin g language is used here to show the author’s degree ofconfidence?“One of the main functions of the pancreas is to produce hormones.”答案:Adjective6.The words “this”, “which” and “likewise” can be used as __________.答案:reference7.Read the following definition and identify the problem in it."By commercial advertisements, I mean these tricks and traps manufacturers use to advocate their products in all kinds of mass media."答案:Loaded definition with negative emotions8.Which of the following is NOT true about a paragraph developed byclassification?答案:Items from different classes can be discussed here.9.Read the following sentences and decide what kind of causal analysis thesesentences follow?"What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? Firstly, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. Furthermore, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhapscenters on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides."答案:One single effect is caused by multiple causes.10.When we are planning to write an essay developed by comparison orcontrast, what should we consider as the first step?答案:Points of comparison11.Which of the following is NOT a function of the Conclusion?答案:It adds some new evidence or ideas to the essay.12.Read the following short paragraph and decide which arguing approach is used here."Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are imperfect, but they are likely to eventually become safer drivers than humans. According to data of automotive fatalities from the World Health Organization in 2018, 1.35 million humans died in car accidents, with tens of millions more injuries and disabilities (World Health Organization, 2018). Few of those deaths were the results of part failure or bad luck; the majority results from intoxication, texting while driving, and other distractions."答案:deductive13.Look at the copyright page of a book. What is the publishing house?答案: Routledge14.Look at the copyright page of a book, who is the author of the book?答案:Stephen Bailey15.In general, titles of science papers have around __________ words.答案:10-1516.When writing the Results section, we should consider the following steps__________:①summarize your findings with the relevant data②determine which results to present③present the data in an appropriate way④organize the data in order答案:②④③①17.From specific to general, a conclusion should contain: ____________,_______________, __________, _______________.①restatement of research purpose②limitation and recommendation③implications and significance④synthesis of main results答案:①④③②18.Which of the following is correct when the same author is cited for twopapers published within the same year?答案:Ellis, 2019a; Ellis, 2019b19._________ can include a general topic in the first part and a specific topic abouta distinctive feature of the study in the second part, which are oftenconnected by a colon.答案:Two-part titles20.__________ is a series of words that will often appear together.答案:Collocation21.“Replacing some of the author’s words in your text with synonyms, butmaintaining the overall structures and the vocabulary of the original” is not considered as plagiarism.答案:错误22.Academic writing is complicated.答案:错误23.In your academic writing, you should try to maximize the number of contentwords. One way to do this is to increase the number of nouns or nounphrases.答案:正确24.Many collocations in English contain function words, such as nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs.答案:错误25.Only transitional words, such as “because” and “thus”, can be regarded asgood transition to achieve coherence.答案:错误26.In an essay developed by comparison and contrast, the block pattern ispreferable in long writing in which there are numerous points underdiscussion.答案:错误27.When we write a conclusion for a process essay, we only need to repeat theinformation mentioned in the essay without providing any specific details.答案:正确28.An argumentative essay is an essay in which you agree with an issue andsupport it with evidence.答案:错误29. A thesis statement may state not only the author’s own point of view but a lsothe view from the other side.答案:正确30.An annotated bibliography include the list of all your sources and thesummary of the content of each source.答案:正确31.The following is an acceptable direct quotation:Gould and Brown (1991) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of thetree of life "to express the other form of interconnectedness–genealogicalrather than ecological” (p. 14).Reference:Gould, J. & Brown, A. (1991). The mating mind. Behavior Ecology,22(3),10-19.答案:正确32.Titles need to keep short and concise, and attracts the reader’s attention.答案:正确33.The abstract is the first thing you write.答案:错误34.An abstract should be fully understandable on its own to someone whohasn’t read your full paper or related sources.答案:正确35. A formal review of literature should be in the Introduction section of aresearch paper.答案:错误。
英语作作文万能模板
英语作作文万能模板英文回答：Paragraph 1: Introduction。
In the realm of academic and professional writing, the ability to craft effective essays is a cornerstone skill. Whether you are a student or an established professional, being able to express your ideas with clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness is essential for success. To facilitate this process, many educators and writing experts have developed versatile essay templates that can be adapted toa wide range of topics and writing assignments. These templates provide a structured framework that guides the writer through the essential components of an essay, ensuring a logical and well-organized flow of ideas.Paragraph 2: Structural Components of an Essay Template。
The structure of an essay template typically includesthe following components:Introduction: The introductory paragraph provides an overview of the essay's topic and establishes the main argument or thesis statement.Body Paragraphs: The body of the essay consists of multiple paragraphs, each of which explores a different aspect of the thesis and provides supporting evidence.Conclusion: The concluding paragraph summarizes the main points of the essay, restates the thesis, and provides a final thought or call to action.Paragraph 3: Advantages of Using Essay Templates。
自我介绍的英语作文
When crafting an English essay for a selfintroduction,it is essential to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of who you are,including your background, interests,and aspirations.Here is a detailed outline to help you write an effective selfintroduction essay:Title:SelfIntroductionIntroduction:Begin with a captivating opening sentence that piques the readers interest.Briefly mention your name and the purpose of the essay.Paragraph1:BackgroundState your full name and where you are from.Include your age and any relevant family information if it adds to your introduction. Mention your educational background up to the current point.Paragraph2:Personal InterestsDescribe your hobbies and interests that define you as a person.Explain why you are passionate about these activities and how they have shaped you.Paragraph3:Academic and Professional GoalsDiscuss your academic achievements and any specific subjects or areas of study you excel in or are interested in.Outline your career aspirations and how your current studies or experiences are preparing you for these goals.Paragraph4:Personal Qualities and SkillsHighlight your key personal qualities such as leadership,teamwork,or problemsolving skills.Provide examples or anecdotes that illustrate these qualities in action.Paragraph5:Extracurricular Activities and Community InvolvementDetail any clubs,sports,or volunteer work you are involved in.Explain the impact of these activities on your personal growth and development.Paragraph6:Future Plans and AspirationsShare your shortterm and longterm goals.Discuss how you plan to achieve these goals and what steps you are currently taking.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of your essay.End with a closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader,perhaps with a quote or a reflection on your journey so far.Sample Essay:My name is Your Name,and I am Your Age years old.I hail from Your Hometown,a place known for its Notable Feature.I am currently a Year in School at Your Schools Name,where I have been actively involved in various academic and extracurricular activities.My interests lie in Your Interests,which I have pursued with great zeal.These pursuits have not only been a source of enjoyment but have also taught me valuable lessons about Lessons Learned.In my academic journey,I have excelled in Subjects or Areas of Study,and I am particularly passionate about Specific Interest.I am aiming to Career Aspiration,and my current path is wellaligned with achieving this goal.I take pride in my Personal Qualities,which have been instrumental in my success so far. For instance,during Situation,I demonstrated Quality,which led to Outcome.Outside the classroom,I am an active member of Club/Organization and have participated in Volunteer Work or Community Service.These experiences have enriched my life and have taught me the importance of Lesson Learned.Looking ahead,I am determined to Shortterm Goal and eventually Longterm Goal.I am currently Steps You Are Taking to ensure that I am wellprepared for these endeavors.In conclusion,I am a Adjective individual with a strong drive to Personal Goal or Aspiration.I am excited about the opportunities that lie ahead and am committed to making the most of them.Remember to personalize your essay with specific details and examples that make you stand out.This will not only make your selfintroduction more engaging but also provide a clearer picture of who you are to the reader.。
Academic_writing_Introduction 引言的写作
Writing An Introduction of A Research PaperI. Some conventions(一些规则)Every professional paper should have at least one or two introductory paragraphs. In the Introduction the writer sets the stage for the main topic. It provides information for the reader about the paper, without giving the details of the work and conclusions. Often the Introduction is used to put the research into perspective, by stating how it relates to other technical and institutional work. The Introduction can range from half of a page to two pages.The purpose of the Introduction is to supply sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without referring to previous publications on the topic. The introduction should also provide the rationale for the present study. The writer should state briefly and clearly his purpose in writing the paper. Much of the Introduction should be written in the present tense because the writer will be referring primarily to the problem and the related established know-ledge at the beginning of the work.(i) It should present the nature and scope of the problem investigated. Since there might be many perspectives from which the writer can approach the problem, narrowing down the scope of work and de-limiting the boundary of the study becomes necessary.(ii) The Introduction is the proper place to define any specialized terms or abbreviations intended to be used.(iii) The Introduction should also inform the reader of the general purpose of the paper and illustrate the primary objectives of the research.(iv) It should review the pertinent literature to orient the reader. In science and engineering studies the literature is reviewed for several reasons, for example, to learn from the work of others, to give credit to similar and relevant studies, to help the reader in further study to the topic, problem or theory. In professional work it is essential to make it clear what contributions have been made by others, and what the cur-rent work has achieved and contributed to further understanding. The reader must never be in doubt what has already been established in the literature before, and what the reported study has contributed. (v) The Introduction may also talk of the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction. In long papers, the mention of the arrangement of the writing enables the reader to understand the pa-per more easily, and can make the reader feel convenient in further reading.II. Stabilized structure(固定的结构)1．Establishing the scope of research(表示研究／讨论范围)Step l Claiming centrality(表明讨论中心话题)and／orStep 2 Making topic generalization(s)(总括所研究话题的现状)and／orStep 3 Reviewing previous research(综述前人研究)2．Establishing a niche(确立研究／讨论话题)Step l A Counter—claiming(反驳前人观点)OrStep l B Indicating a gap(表明前人研究空白)OrStep l C Question—raising(提出问题)OrStep l D Continuing a tradition(继续前人研究)3．Occupying the niche(研究／讨论具体切人点)Step l A Outlining purposes(表明研究目的)OrStep l B Announcing present research(表明当前研究重点)Step 2 Announcing principal findings(表明主要发现)Step 3 Indicating the research article structure(表明文章结构)1．Establishing the scope of research(确定研究／讨论范围)Step 1 centrality claims: In the introduction, centrality claims are typically expressed in one sentence, but can also be in two or more sentences. Typically, they are put at the beginning of the Introduction. The author can introduce centrality claims by claiming interest or importance, referring to the main character of the issue, or claiming that there are many other investigators active in the area.Some typical examples are:~ Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to...~ In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly interested in...~ The possibility...has generated interest in...~ Recently, there has been wide interest in...~ The time development ...is a classic problem in fluid mechanics.~ The well-known...phenomena...have been favorite topics for analysis both in...~ Knowledge of ...has a great importance for...~ The study of...has become an important aspect of...~ The effect of...has been studied extensively in recent years.~ Many investigators have recently turned to...~ The relationship between ...has been studied by many authors.~ A central issue in...is the validity of...The Introduction can also begins with step 2Step 2: making a topic generalization. Statements of topic generalizations generally fall into two categories: statements about knowledge or practice, or statements about phenomena. Typical examples of the first group are:~ There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that...~ The ...properties of...are still not completely understood.~ A standard procedure for assessing has been...~ Education core courses are often criticized for...Typically these statements express in general terms the current state of knowledge, of technique, or of current requirements for further progress.The second group of topic generalizations refers to phenomena:~ ...is a common finding in patients with...~ An elaborate system of...is found in the ...~ English is rich in related words exhibiting "stress shifts".~ There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.Step 3 Reviewing previous researchWhen reviewing previous research, the author needs to relate what has been found (claimed) with who has found it (claimed it). There are generally two forms of citation: integral and non-integral. In the text of a report, integral citation usually names the author in text and the year of publication in parentheses. Non-integral citation puts references at the end of a sentence or paragraph inside parentheses. If there is just one author, the integral citation form is Jones (1987), and the non-integral citation form is (Halliday, 1987). If there are two authors the citation should be Jones and Smith (1987) or (Jones and Smith 1987). And when there are three or more authors, the citation should be Jones et al. (1987) or (Jones et al., 1987). It should be noted that there is no period after the word "et". If there are two or more references by the same authors and from the same year, they are marked with an "a" and "b" etc. (Jones, et al., 1987a; Jones, et al., 1987b). A semicolon (;) is used between references when you refer to more than one at the same time.A literature review should not be a laundry list, meaning that it should not be listing of unrelated items.A literature review should be a coherent review of the main ideas and results of published materials, as they relate to the topic or problem of the report being written. The length of Literature Review is highly variable, from a paragraph to a few pages.The main patterns are illustrated with the following examples: Examples of integral citation forms (直接引用方式)~ Bile (1988) showed/shows that the moon is made of cheese.~ The moon's cheesy composition is established by Bile (1988).~ Brie's theory (1988) claims/claimed that the moon is made of cheese.~ Brie's (1988) theory of lunar composition has general support.~ According to Brie (1988), the moon is made of cheese.Examples of indirect citation forms (间接引用方式) ..~ Previous research has shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).~ It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).~ It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).~ The moon is probably made of cheese (Bile, 1988).~ The moon may be made of cheese (of. Rock, 1989).2. Establishing a niche (确定研究/讨论话题)To establish a niche, the author usually starts with an adversative sentence-connector, most commonly with however but also with such signals as but, nevertheless, yet, and unfortunately. Step l A Counter-claiming e.g. However, the use of... results in such a degree of ... that ... has become necessary.OrStep 1B Indicating a gap e.g. However, the use of...results in a significant amount ofOrStep 1C Question-raising e.g. However, it is not clear whether the use of...can be modified to OrStep 1D Continuing a tradition e.g. The remaining issue is to find a way of better controlling In this part, the author most typically starts with step 1B, indicating a gap. The author does not counter-claim that the previous work is hopelessly misguided, but rather "suffers from some limitations". Typical sentence patterns used to indicate a gap are listed below:~ No research has been done on ...~ Little effort has been spent on the study of...~ (Very) few researchers have investigated...~ The nature of...is overlooked.~ Researchers have failed to notice that...~ The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.~ The result off. _has several limitations.~ The research can rarely cover...3. Occupying the niche (研究/ 讨论具体切入点)Step 1A outlining purposesOrStep 1B Announcing present researchStep 2 Announcing principal findingsStep 3 indicating the research article structureIn this part, step 1 is the obligatory element. In other words, either Step 1A or Step 1B must occur in the Introduction. Step 1A indicates the author's main purpose or purposes. Step 1B describes what the author considers to be the main features of his research.Typical examples are:~ This paper reports on the results obtained...~ The aim of the present paper is to give...~ The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to...~ This study was designed to evaluate...~ This paper aims to report the interaction of...Most research article introductions end with Step 1. However, some may also end with Step 2 or Step 3. If Step 3 occurs, it always occurs at the end of the introduction.Examples are:~ We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way...~ This paper is structured as follows...~ The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section II describes...III. Example outline structures (结构范例)Outline structure 1Recently, there has been a considerable interest in...Yet, there is a dearth of information. (2 direct questions) Recent studies have begun to explore these questions at...level. The existence of... may be inferred from recent studies by ...The work of these researchers sheds light on ...However, understanding ...in the context of... is as yet unexplored territory. This study attempts to enter this territory by...Our focus will be on...The changes that...show a skilled novice learning of...Outline structure 2Recently, the relationships between ...have been explored by scholars from a number of disciplines. However, the precise nature of...has not been delineated a considerable amount of research has been made into.., but little research...As a result, no comprehensive theory appears to exist. (review previous researches) Taken together, these studies indicate...The purposes of the present study were two-fold: one is...; the other is... The study thus extends the findings of previous work by examining...Outline structure 3Despite the announced importance of... few researchers have experimentally tested... Many studies have examined...No study, however, has used an experimental design. In the light of this absence of experimental work, we conducted a pilot study (Rosen, 1985)...We subsequently designed the present study,an experiment to test... Our two research questions were...IV. Distinction of Abstract and Introduction (摘要和引言的区别)Generally there are three distinctions between Abstract and Introduction:(1) Discussions of previous research are rarely found in abstracts, whereas it is an important part of the research article introductions.(2) Indication of methodology, experimental procedures, data collection, etc. used for present research is considered crucial in research abstracts, but rare in article introductions.(3) Reporting of results or findings of research is considered as an important part of abstracts, but it is rare in article introductions.V. An example introduction (引言范例)During the past 50 years, the United States has experienced the integration of the computer into society. Progress has been made to the point that small, inexpensive computers with expanded capabilities are available for innumerable uses. Many schools have purchased and are purchasing microcomputers for infusion into their directed learning programs.Most individuals seem to agree that the microcomputer will continue to hold an important role in education. Gubser (1980) and Hinton (1980) suggested phenomenal increases in the numbers of computers both in the school and the home in the near future. There are always problems with a sudden onslaught of new technology. Like any new tool that has not been fully tried and tested, the role of the computer is in question. How should the computer be used in the classroom? Should the computer be the teacher or a tool in the classroom in the same way as an overhead projector? Can teachers do a better job of teaching certain types of materials with the microcomputer than with conventional teaching methods? Will the microcomputer have different effects on students with varying levels of experience? Schmidt (1982) identified three types of microcomputer use in classrooms: the object of a course, a support tool and a means of providing instruction. Foster and Kleene (1982) cite four uses of microcomputers in vocational agriculture: drill and practice, tutorial, simulation and problem solving.The findings of studies examining the use of various forms of computer-assisted instruction (CAI have been mixed. Studies by Hickey (1968) and Honeycutt (1974) indicated superior results with CAI while studied by Ellis (1978), Caldwell (1980) and Belzer (1976) indicated little or no significant effect. Although much work has been done to date, more studies need to be conducted to ascertain the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in teaching various subjects in a variety of learning situations.The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of using micro-computer-assisted instruction as compared to a lecture-discussion technique in teaching principles and methods of cost recovery and investment credit on agriculture assets to graduate students in agricultural education (Rohrbach, 1983). This topic was identified as being of importance to teachers in providing them the necessary background to teach lessons in farm records.ExerciseThe following two excerpts are taken from the same academic article. Which is the Abstract and which is the Introduction? Why?Excerpt 1The continental terrace of Israel consists of a 1-2-km-thick Pliocene-Quaternary sediment wedge that narrows (from 60 to 16 km), steepens (2.5-3 to 6-8 ) and deepens (900-1200m) from south to north. Thecontinental terrace is the combined product of Nile-derived sedimentation whose bulk and rate of deposition decrease with increasing distance from the Nile Delta, and vertical tectonic uplift of Israel and Lebanon vs the subsidence of the adjacent submarine Levantine Basin. The tectonic influence increases while the sedimentary influence decreases from south to north (Neev et al., 1976; Almagor & Hall, 1984). Halokinetic slumping caused by extensive mass movement over deep strata of Messinian (Late Miocene) evaporites scarred and steepened the entire continental terrace of northern Israel and southern Lebanon (Almagor& Garfunkel, 1979; Garfunkel & Almagor 1985, 1987; Almagor 1993). In the south, a balance between continuous hemipelagic sedimentation and episodic dispersal of sediment, mostly by earthquake-induced slumping, creates a smooth gentle bathymetry (Almagor, 1980, 1984, 1986; Almagor & Michaeli, 1985). Along the steep slope north of Mount Carmel promontory mass transport processes have shaped a scarred and canyon-fur-rowed morphology. These processes were described in detail by Almagor(1992, 1993).The present study deals with the small-scale sedimentary structures as found in more than 60 sediment cores taken along the entire continental margin of Israel (Fig. 1) with special emphasis and greater sampling density on the more dynamic northern continental slope (Fig. 2)Excerpt 2The continental terrace of Israel consists of Nile-derived sediments. They are classified into three major groups, according to their structures: (1) irregularly too wavy laminated, coarse-grained sediments (quartz and skeletal debris) of the flat outer shelf and upper bend of the slope (10-20% of the bulk) which are influenced by currents. These sediments are bioturbated to various degrees. Smectitic silty clays (80-90%) form two structural groups: (2) laminated, turbiditic sediments which accumulate on the slope, particularly in the canyons of the northern slope. Irregular, wavy, thickly laminated, coarse-grained sediments of the up-per slope and canyon heads merge down-slope with parallel, thinly laminated, fine-grained sediments. Toward the foot of the slope and on the adjacent deep-sea floor lamination becomes indistinct and sediment is visually homogeneous. (3) Slump-generated mud lumps of various sizes, which accumulate on the lower slope, and along the transport axes of the canyons. These are the most visible evidence for large-scale slumping mass movement.Transportational and depositional processes are far more intensive over the steep northern continental slope of Israel, and especially in its canyons than over the gentle southern slope.Very stiff over-consolidated sediments unconformably overlain by the ubiquitous recent silty-clayey sediment were cored on steep sections of the middle continental slope and along the canyon walls. Their pre-consolidation stress values suggest that these sections were formerly overlain by more than 40m of sediment and now are exposed by slumping. The down-sliding slabs usually disintegrated into small fragments although several huge fragments could be indentified along the canyon axes.。
大学学术英语读写教程上册作文答案
大学学术英语读写教程上册作文答案全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My Experience with Big Brother and Big Sister ProgramHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my experience with the Big Brother and Big Sister program. It was such a fun and exciting experience that I will never forget!I remember when I first joined the program, I was so nervous but also really excited to meet my big sister. She was so nice and friendly, and she made me feel comfortable right away. We would do all sorts of fun activities together, like going to the park, baking cookies, and even doing homework together. It was like having a big sister that I never had before!My big sister also helped me with my English homework. She would read stories with me, practice spelling words, and even help me with my grammar. Thanks to her, my English skills improved a lot and I even got better grades in school!But the best part of the program was the bond that I formed with my big sister. She became like a real sister to me, alwaysthere to listen and support me. I will always be grateful for the time we spent together and the memories we created.In conclusion, the Big Brother and Big Sister program has been an amazing experience for me. I encourage all of you to get involved in programs like this, as they can truly make a difference in someone's life. Thank you for listening to my story!篇2Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the answers to the writing exercises in the first book of the College Academic English Reading and Writing Course. So let's get started!1. Write a paragraph about your favorite hobby.My favorite hobby is drawing. I love to use colors and shapes to create beautiful pictures. When I draw, I feel relaxed and happy. I like to draw animals and nature scenes. Sometimes I even enter drawing contests and win prizes. Drawing is my passion and I hope to become a famous artist one day.2. Write a paragraph about your dream job.My dream job is to be a scientist. I want to discover new things and make the world a better place. I love to doexperiments and learn about how things work. I hope to work in a laboratory and conduct important research. Being a scientist is my dream because I want to contribute to the advancement of science and help solve the world's problems.3. Write a paragraph about a memorable trip you have taken.I will never forget the trip I took to the beach last summer. It was so much fun playing in the sand and swimming in the ocean.I collected seashells and built sandcastles with my friends. We also had a bonfire and roasted marshmallows at night. The beach trip was the best vacation ever and I can't wait to go back again.I hope you find these answers helpful for your writing exercises. Keep practicing your English skills and you will improve more and more. Have a great day!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you my answers to the essay questions in the "College Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook" volume one. I hope this will help you all with your studies and make learning English more fun and interesting!1. Why is it important to develop good writing skills in college?In college, good writing skills are important because they help us communicate effectively with professors, classmates, and future employers. Writing well shows that we can organize our thoughts, argue persuasively, and present information clearly. These skills are crucial not only for academic success but also for career success.2. What are some strategies for improving your writing skills?To improve our writing skills, we can practice writing regularly, seek feedback from professors or peers, and read widely to learn from different styles and techniques. We can also attend writing workshops or use online resources to learn grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Finally, revising and editing our work carefully can help us polish our writing and make it more effective.3. How can reading help improve your writing skills?Reading can improve our writing skills by exposing us to different writing styles, vocabularies, and ideas. By reading widely, we can learn how to structure essays, develop arguments,and use evidence to support our points. Reading also helps us improve our grammar, punctuation, and spelling, as we learn from the mistakes and successes of other writers.I hope these answers are helpful to you all. Keep practicing your writing skills and don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Good luck with your studies, and remember to have fun while learning English! Bye for now!篇4Oh, hi there! Are you looking for the answer to the first essay in the "College Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook, Volume 1"? Well, you've come to the right place! Let me help you out with that.The first essay in the book is about the importance of higher education in today's society. It talks about how going to college can help you learn new things, meet new people, and even get a better job in the future. The essay also mentions how college can help you develop critical thinking skills and become a more well-rounded person.In my opinion, I think going to college is super important because it gives you the chance to learn about all kinds of cool stuff that you might not have the chance to learn anywhere else.Plus, it's a great way to make friends and have fun while you're at it!I hope this helps you with your essay. Remember to write about why you think higher education is important and give some examples to back up your points. Good luck with your writing!篇5I'm sorry, but I cannot provide you with a complete answer to the essay question from "College Academic English Reading and Writing Tutorial". However, I can offer you some tips on how to approach the essay.First, make sure to read the question carefully and understand what is being asked. Then, organize your thoughts and ideas before you start writing. You can create an outline to help you structure your essay.In your introduction, you should provide some background information on the topic and clearly state your main argument or thesis statement. The body paragraphs should each focus on a different point that supports your thesis. Make sure to use evidence and examples to support your points.Finally, in your conclusion, summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a different way. You can also make some recommendations or suggest further research on the topic.Remember to proofread your essay carefully to check for any grammar or spelling mistakes.Good luck with your essay!篇6Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to write the essay answers for the Academic English Reading and Writing coursebook (Volume 1) for college students. Are you ready? Let's get started!1. Why is academic writing important?- Academic writing is important because it helps us communicate our ideas clearly and effectively. It also shows that we have a good understanding of the topic we are writing about.2. What are the key features of academic writing?- The key features of academic writing include using formal language, citing sources properly, and organizing our ideas in a logical manner. It is also important to avoid using slang or colloquial language in academic writing.3. How can we improve our academic writing skills?- We can improve our academic writing skills by practicing regularly, seeking feedback from teachers or peers, and reading academic papers to learn from other writers. It is also helpful to familiarize ourselves with the specific conventions of academic writing in our discipline.4. What is the purpose of a literature review?- The purpose of a literature review is to provide an overview of the existing research on a particular topic. It helps us understand the current state of knowledge in our field and identify gaps or areas for further research.5. How do we avoid plagiarism in academic writing?- We can avoid plagiarism by always citing our sources properly and giving credit to the original authors of any ideas or information that we use. It is important to use quotation marks for direct quotes and to paraphrase information in our own words.I hope these answers will help you with your studies. Remember to practice your academic writing skills regularly and always strive to improve. Good luck!篇7I'm sorry, I am unable to provide a 2000-word essay in the style of a primary school student. However, I can offer a sample answer for an essay based on the topic of "College Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook".Sample Essay:The "College Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook" is a very useful resource for students who want to improve their English skills. The book covers a wide range of topics, including academic writing, critical reading, and vocabulary building.One of the things I like best about this book is the way it breaks down complicated concepts into easy-to-understand explanations. For example, the section on academic writing explains how to structure an essay, how to cite sources, and how to avoid plagiarism. This is really helpful for me because I often struggle with these things.Another thing I appreciate about the book is the variety of exercises and activities it includes. There are reading passages with comprehension questions, writing prompts, and vocabularyexercises. These activities help me practice my English skills in a fun and interactive way.Overall, I would highly recommend the "College Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook" to anyone looking to improve their English skills. It's a comprehensive resource that covers all the key areas of academic English and provides plenty of opportunities for practice. I've already noticed an improvement in my writing and reading skills since using this book, and I'm excited to continue using it to further develop my English abilities.篇8Sorry, I am unable to fulfill your request as it goes beyond the character limit for this response. However, I can provide a sample answer:Title: My Thoughts on Academic EnglishHello everyone! Today I want to talk about Academic English. Do you know what Academic English is? It's a special kind of English that we can use when we're studying and writing papers in university. It's a bit different from the English we use in everyday life, like texting our friends or talking to our family.In Academic English, we have to use big words and write fancy sentences to show that we really understand our topic. We also have to be very careful about spelling and grammar, because even a small mistake can change the meaning of what we're trying to say.When we read books or articles in Academic English, we have to pay close attention to the details and try to understand the main ideas. Sometimes it can be tricky, but if we keep practicing, we'll get better at it.I think Academic English is important because it helps us communicate our thoughts and ideas in a clear and organized way. It also teaches us how to think critically and analyze information.So, let's keep working hard and improving our Academic English skills. Who knows, maybe one day we'll be writing our own research papers and making a big impact in the academic world! Thank you for listening to my thoughts on Academic English.篇9Title: My Answers to the Big English Reading and Writing TestHi everyone! Today I want to share with you my answers to the questions in the Big English Reading and Writing Test from the University Academic English Coursebook.Question 1: What is the importance of academic writing?Answer: Academic writing is super important because it helps us communicate our ideas in a clear and organized way. When we write academically, we can share our thoughts and research with others effectively. Plus, it's a great way to show what we've learned!Question 2: What are the key features of a good academic essay?Answer: A good academic essay needs to have a strong thesis statement, clear structure with introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, relevant evidence to support arguments, and proper citations. Also, a good academic essay has a logical flow and uses formal language.Question 3: Why is it important to cite sources in academic writing?Answer: Citing sources is important in academic writing because it shows where we got our information from and gives credit to the original authors. It also helps readers find thesources themselves for further reading. Plus, it avoids plagiarism, which is a big no-no in academic writing!Question 4: How can we improve our academic writing skills?Answer: We can improve our academic writing skills by practicing regularly, reading academic articles and essays, getting feedback from teachers or peers, and learning from our mistakes. Also, it's important to use resources like dictionaries and grammar guides to enhance our writing.In conclusion, academic writing is a crucial skill that we need to develop in university. By mastering academic writing, we can succeed in our studies and future careers. Don't forget to keep practicing and improving your writing skills every day!That's all for now, hope you found my answers helpful. Thanks for reading!(Word count: 268 words)篇10Title: My Answers to the Academic English Reading and Writing CoursebookHey everyone! Today I want to share with you my answers to the Academic English Reading and Writing Coursebook. I hopethis can help you understand the material better and ace your exams!1. Academic Writing Basics:- What is the purpose of academic writing?Answer: The purpose of academic writing is to inform, persuade, and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in a specific field.2. Reading Strategies:- Describe the SQ3R method.Answer: The SQ3R method is a reading strategy that stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review. It helps us understand and remember the material we are reading.3. Critical Reading and Thinking:- What is critical reading?Answer: Critical reading involves analyzing and evaluating a text to understand its meaning, relevance, and implications.4. Summary Writing:- How do you write a good summary?Answer: A good summary should include the main points of the text, be concise, and accurately reflect the original meaning.5. Argumentative Writing:- What is the structure of an argumentative essay?Answer: An argumentative essay consists of an introduction, body paragraphs presenting different arguments, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points and reiterates the thesis statement.6. Research Writing:- How do you conduct research for an academic paper?Answer: Research for an academic paper involves identifying a topic, gathering relevant sources, critically analyzing the information, and synthesizing it into a coherent argument.7. Citation and Referencing:- Why is proper citation important in academic writing?Answer: Proper citation is important in academic writing to give credit to the original authors, avoid plagiarism, and allow readers to verify the information.I hope you find my answers helpful and wish you all the best in your academic endeavors. Keep studying hard and you will achieve great things!。
河南理工学位英语作文模板
河南理工学位英语作文模板Title: A Template for Writing an English Essay on Henan Polytechnic University。
Introduction。
Briefly introduce Henan Polytechnic University and its significance in the field of higher education in China.State the purpose of the essay and provide an overview of the content that will be covered.Paragraph 1: History and Background。
Provide a brief history of Henan Polytechnic University, including its founding date, key milestones, and development over the years.Discuss the university's mission and vision, as well as its commitment to providing quality education and research opportunities.Paragraph 2: Academic Programs and Faculty。
Describe the various academic programs offered at Henan Polytechnic University, including undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs.Highlight the university's faculty members, their qualifications, and their contributions to the academic and research community.Paragraph 3: Campus Facilities and Resources。
智慧树知到《中级英语写作》见面课答案
1、问题:What are the common patterns of expository essays?（ ）
选项：
A:Cause-effect
B:Illustration
C:Definition
D:Comparison and Contrast
E:Process Analysis
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、问题:When personal experiences are used to support your points in an essay, you can only use other peoples experiences.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】
A: General
B:Specific
C:Representative
D:Relevant
答案: 【Specific ;
Representative ;
Relevant】
见面课：说明文：回顾与练习
1、问题:What are the common patterns of expository essays?（ ）
C:Bridge
D:Examples
答案: 【Thesis statement ;
Attention-getter ;
Bridge 】
3、问题:When you want to explain the supporting points of your essay, what methods can you use?
答案: 【Cause-effect;
Illustration ;
Unit 2 Academic Writing【研究生专业英语】
Academic Writing Skills.au/tldinfo/writingskills/podcasts/nursingwritingskills09.pptgenre: a style of expressingyourself in writingWhether you’re a studentsor supervisors, academic writing skills are significant in today’sworld.EssaysReports PresentationsResearch papers Final thesisare just some examples ofdocuments written in the academic style.an analytic or interpretive literary compositionAcademic writing, when used appropriately, presents a polished and professional image.Academic writing skillsencompass:¾strong composition ¾excellent grammar¾a consistent stylistic approach[in'k ʌmp əs]include in scope [stai'listik]perfected or made shiny and smoothof or relating to style(especially in the use oflanguage) It is a learnt skill, rather thana natural ability or quality.2. What is academic writing?Academic writing refers to a particular styleof expression in academia.3. Features of Academic WritingAcademic writing in English is linear, which means it has onecentral point or theme with every part contributing to the main lineof argument, without digressions or repetitions . [dai'gre ʃən]a message that departs from the main subject[.repi'ti ʃən]ComplexityWritten language is relatively more complex than spoken language.FormalityAcademic writing is relativelyformal. In general this means that you should avoid colloquial words.PrecisionIn academic writing, facts andfigures are given precisely .ObjectivityWritten language is in generalobjective. Academic writing tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather than verbs (and adverbs).Exp’licitnessAcademic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text.AccuracyAcademic writing uses vocabulary accurately.HedgingIn academic writing, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject.ResponsibilityIn academic writing you must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make.[k ə’l əʊkwi:əl] [pri’si ʒən] [pr ɪ’sa ɪsli] [,ɔbd ʒek’tiv əti] Attitude or feeling Characteristics includeEmploying the formal academic style, avoiding jargon , slang , andabbreviations a way of regarding situationsor topics etc.：position , view[p ə'spektiv]Synonyms [t əun]a characteristic language of a particular groupinformal language consisting of words and expressionsA formal toneUse of the third-person rather than first-person perspective Clear focus on the issue or topic rather than the author’s opinion Precise word choiceinvestigate conduct examine verify demonstrate eliminateCharacteristics of informal writingz the use ofcolloquialisms andjargonz writing in the first person viewz making “I”statements, making direct personal statements, andimprecise word choices.[k ə’l əukwi əliz(ə)m] slang, dialect[.impri'sais]characteristic of informal spokenlanguage or conversationJust as you probably would wear shorts and flip-flops to a wedding, there’s a time and a place for informalwriting . Informal writing is fine for diary entries, blogs, personal writing, letters or emails to close friends.The most informal writingimaginable is:z the text message, full of abbreviations such as “R U here ?”toconvey quick questions and responses. z In comparison, the most formal writing of all can be found in legal documents .[i'mæd ʒin əbl][‘pai ərit]someone who uses another person's work or ideas as if they were his own‘plagiarism Writers working on papersfor school, college application essays , scientific papers,research papers , international conference presentations , and business proposals generally employ a more formal style akin to donning a suit or dressto attend a wedding.[ə'kin]similar or related in quality or characterput clothing on one's body['d ɔni ŋ]4. Tips on academic writing ExamplesInformal writing :I think he ’s a loser .Formal writing :Macbeth’s horrific choices cause him to lose everything he holds dear :children, wife, friends, crown and king.frightening colon [ 'k əʊl ən]？The first statement is informal. The writer speaks in the first person , using the word “I”, and states an opinion . The slang term “loser ”, is used, which is inappropriate in a formal context. They also uses the contraction “he’s ”. If this were in the middle of a paragraph, it may be easier to understand towhom the author is referring.Taken as a simple statement, however, it’simpossible to know whether the writer thinks his best friend, hisdog, or a rock star is a loser !The second example uses an academic, formal style . Written in the third-person view , the sentence omits references to the writer and focuses on the issue. Strong, specific adjectives like “horrific ”convey the author’s view clearly without resorting to slang . The use of the colon creates a strong, formal feeling when properly usedhere to introduce a list .[ 'k əʊl ən]Where’s the resource ??•Library•On-line•Data bases (turn on remote access)•Lectures•Text books•Tutorials•News•Newspapers•Everywhere!!!5. Referencing and plagiarismMost plagiarism is acci’dental; either the result of not understanding what actually amounts to plagiarism, or of being poorly organized, so that we use the ideas of others without realizing that’s what we have done.Whenever the author has given somethingdistinctive to the information or its organization,cite the source.Anything that is common knowledge you need not cite: in other words, anything that is not distinctiveof a particular author.distinguishing /skills4study/studyskills/reading/referencing.aspunintendedWhat is plagiarism?Copying ofpassages/text/work/ideas/data without aproperacknowledgement ofthe author. Thisincludes otherstudents’work.['pleidʒiərizəm]Getting started•Find your time•Find your space•Discipline, self & others•Brain storming, clustering, mind mapping•Free writingtry to solve a problemby thinking intensely about it6. Practice makes perfectIntroduction•What is the question?•Global view from the broad to the narrow •Introduce the :•Who•What•When •Where •Why •How 5W+HThe topic•Why is it being asked?•Is it multi layered?•Does it invite a largely factual response?•Is it looking for a particular stance such asargue or cri’tique?[stæns] positionposturereview, assessment, commentLiterature•Is it current?•Is the author a credible source?•Is the subject relevant?•Clustering•References/endnoteBeginning•A quotation –is it relevant•A question•An opinion•An interesting fact•An irony or paradox•An a’nalogy•And anecdote['ænikdəut]story, narrative(especially a biographical one)[‘aiərəni[‘pærədɔks][ə’nælədʒi](logic) a statementthat contradicts itselfirony witty language富于机智的,诙谐的similarityBodyYour paragraphs should flow naturally into oneanother andconnections shouldbe made.Paragraphs•7-8 sentences•Each should be topic specific, preferably with an introductory sentence•Each sentence states the content/context and then some supporting example which is where the references come in.•The last sentence concludes the paragraph and forwards to the next.Transitional words•Joining words»Also, and, again, etc•Comparing words»Also, in comparison•Contracting words»Although, but, conversely, despite, even though, however•Positioning words»Above, adjacent to, below•Situation words»Before, briefly, consequently, finally, first[træn'zi ʃən əl]Conclusions•Don’t introduce anything new •Draw in the introduction •Demonstrate a conclusion•Give the essay a sense of completeness •Leave a final impression7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writingRevision1.Is writing skills vital for students ofscience and technology ?2. What is academic writing?3. Features of Academic Writing4. Tips on academic writing5. Referencing and plagiarism6. Practice makes perfect7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writing。
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The Academic ParagraphAn academic paragraph is considered formal writing in English. Because it is formal, it has certain features. Organization is one important aspect of an academic paragraph.There are three parts [sections] of a well-organized academic paragraph (and most other types of writing):A.__TOPIC_________ sentence [Introduction]Two features/parts:Example TS: Watching television is a lot of fun.Two parts: 1) Subject (topic that you will write about) 2) Attitude (yourOPINION/IDEA/FEELINGS/ETC about the topic)-The subject and attitude need to be SPECIFIC and not too GENERALExample: People are very friendly. *What’s wrong with the TS? People is too general –which people? People in Edmonton, people in England?]-The TS should not just b e a fact. Why not? 1) Many people know the fact already so you don’t need to tell them, 2) ___the ATTITUDE_____________ is missing [no opinion in a factual statement]Example: Edmonton is the capital city of Alberta.-The TS should not have redundant [repetitive] information. Why should you not say “This paragraph will be about…” or “I am going to write about…” or “This essay will be on the topic of _____”? This type oflanguage does not give any content. You do not need to say what you are doing.Example: This paragraph will be about having a dog as a pet.-The TS (and the whole paragraph) SHOULD NOT/ SHOULD have personal language such as “I think” and “My idea about ____ is…”. Why not? 1) Everything you write in a paragraph is your idea so you do n ot need tosay so. 2) When you use language like “I think” or “My idea is…” it makes your writing LESS FORMAL andmore JUVENILE [like a child or beginner] 3) Avoiding these structures makes writing more concise(short) -There is a situation when you can have 2 subjects in your paragraph. When you are writing a COMPARE/CONTRAST paragraph, you MUST have TWO subjects.o Example: Dogs and cats are two very different pets.-There is a / no situation where you should have more than ONE attitude.o Example: Dogs are fun pets to have and you can make a lot of money by buying and selling expensive cats. [NOT COMPARE/CONTRAST – This is actually two different topic sentences for 2separate paragraphs]o Why no situation? In the topic sentence, do NOT list your main points. Why not? The paragraph is short and you will be giving the main points immediately after the paragraph.Example: Dogs are great pets because they are protective, friendly, and fun.B.BodyYou need to organize the information into ___MAIN POINTS____ with ___SUPPORTING DETAILS___.You should have at least ___THREE__ main points. Why three? Most likely 3MP will give enough support foryour topic/subject. Why not TWO? There may not be enough support for your topic. Why not FIVE? You may have too much information. Each main point may not have enough detail.*** In some situations, 2 MPs is enough. What situations? In an exam (less time)In the details, give _EXAMPLES, FACTS, STATISTICS, DEFINITIONS, EXPLANATIONS, etc___.Each main point is introduced with a ____TRANSITION________. Transitions do not add content but they add structure/organization to your writing. The transitions help the reader understand your ideas.Example: [sentence for your first main point] The first reason why dogs are such great pets is that they are protective.[sentence for your second main point] Being friendly is another reason why dogs make great pets.[sentence for your third main point] The last aspect of dogs to be considered is their fun.When using transitions, have variety in the 1) type of transition (one word transitions; phrase transition.Do NOT do “First” “second” “third”)and 2) the placement (at the start of the sentence, or in the middle of the sentence) of the transitionC.__Concluding_________ sentence [Conclusion]Three methods:1)Restate the topic sentence using different words and/or different word order. This is the easiest and LEASTcreative method.TS Example: Watching television is a lot of fun.CS example: Clearly you get enjoyment by watching television. (order is different; some words have changed)2)___SUMMARIZE / BRIEFLY LIST___ the main points given in the paragraph.Example: Without a doubt, because it makes you laugh, gives important information and keeps youfocused, TV is a great thing to do.*** You should list the main points in the SAME / DIFFERENT order than the paragraph.3)End with a special type of thing such as prediction, suggestion, recommendation, strong statement, etc. ThisP, S, R, or SS MUST be related to the topic. This is the MOST difficult to do but it is the mostEFFECTIVE/INTERESTING.Example: So everyone should watch at least one hour of TV each day. [suggestion]Bad example: Clearly TV is a great thing but using the internet is even better. [The topic has beenchanged; you have contradicted yourself]Make sure you concluding has a ___TRANSITION________ to tell the reader that you are finishing theparagraph.What is wrong with each topic sentence?。