英语记叙文写作方法总结

英语记叙文写作方法总结英语的写作体裁有多种,不同体裁的写作是为了达到不同的目的。

传统上英语把写作归为四类:记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。

一、什么是记叙文。

记叙文是以记人、叙事为主要职能,对社会生活中的人或事物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一种常见文章样式。

它反映作者对某种生活的理解和评价,并以此来启示、教育和感染读者。

以记人为主的记叙文,人物作为主要记叙的对象。

它一般是通过对人物在事件中的行为、活动的叙述和描写,来表现人物的精神、品质或个性特点。

以叙事为主的记叙文,通常是以社会生活中所发生的典型事件为主要叙述对象。

虽然任何事情的发展都离不开人,但在叙事文中,应着重突出事件的社会意义,尽量详细地描绘事件经过,以达到用事件来教育或提醒人们的目的。

先请看下面一段文章:(1)Alfred Nobe,l the Swedish inventor and in-dustrialist, was aman ofmany contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company, he was often sad in private.A lover of man-kind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. Heinvented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as weapon of war to kill and injure his fellowmen. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: “Alfred Nobel” he once wrote to himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life”.World-famous for his works he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see,”he once said, “that I have de-served any fame and I have no taste for it.”But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.这是一段记人的文章,作者通过对比诺贝尔事业、生活和性格中的各种矛盾,刻画了他不同凡响的一生,渲染了他的高尚人格,突出了他不求名利,但求贡献的美德。

再请看下一篇文章:(2) It seems thatallwe hear aboutnowadays isthe computer revolution. There are computers in theelibraries, schools, offices, and even in homes.Friends of mine who once feared anything remotely associated with electronic snow loudly sing the praises of word - processing, as if the typewriter were a product of the Stone Age. Last week I grew so weary of listening to them that I decided to see for myself exactly what these swonders of technology could do.As I cautiously approached my college s' writing center, my ears were assaulted by the click-click-click of key boards, and an occasional screech from a printer. One of the tutors offered me her assistance in learning to operate the machine. Within a mere twenty-five minutes I was typing happily, thinking all the while that I should have tried this much earlier.Just as I began the conclusion of my English paper, the entire building was plunged into silent darkness.I was dismayed at the thought of having to wait until the following day to see the print out. Then the tutor told me the bad news: I had lost the entire essay just because I failed to click the save button one minute earlier when the electricity went off. My draft no longer existed. With poise and grace, I felt my way to the exit. 这是一篇叙述作者首次操作电脑的叙事文。

首段起笔于周边朋友对电脑的啧啧称赞,作者决心亲身体验的想法,行文自然、新颖。

第二段叙述了作者在学校写作中心学习打印文稿由喜到忧的变化过程,勾勒出作者初识电脑的独特感受,叙述亲切、自然而又独特。

二、如何写记叙文。

(一)记叙文的开头。

就一般情况而言,记叙文通常由三个部分组成:开头、展开和结尾。

记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景,即交代事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物和人与人之间的相互关系等内容。

这些方面包含着导致未来变化和发展的因素,可以帮助读者理解事件的本身。

例如。

介绍某次郊游的文章可以这样开头:(3)I had an interesting outing during the springholidays. It was Sunday. The sun was shining brightly. The weather was fine and warm.I got up very early that day. After an early breakfast I went to Mount Mo with my classmates by bike. We got there at about nine.在这几行文字中,作者写明了郊游的时间、地点和人物。

在开头的段落中,介绍了对郊游的准备和到达目的地的时间。

由于这几点叙述得自然、紧凑,所以这种方式的开头犹如电影的开头画面一样向我们慢慢展开,把我们带到了郊游的目的地。

在记人的文章中,我们首先应该把人物介绍给读者,对人物的一些外貌特征可以在开头部分中加以介绍。

例如,在介绍一位老师的文章中可以这样开头:(4) It was in 1981 that I first met my English teacher Mr. Wang Xing. He was not tall but very strong at that time. His eyes shone brightly with knowledge behind a pair of glasses. Ever since then we have been good friends.在此段文字中,作者虽然没有直接交代事情发生的地点,但从所述的人物之间的关系,读者可以领会到此事的发生是在学校。

另外,文中的knowledge一词和句子Eversince thenwe have beengood friends又为下文的展开作了很好的铺垫,容易吸引读者的注意力,激发读者欲读下文的兴趣。

(二)记叙文的展开。

记叙文的展开通常可以从四个方面入手:以人物活动的时间顺序为线索;按空间位置变换组织材料;以事件发生的顺序记叙;以人物的主次性格特征为序。

前两种方法主要用于叙事的文章中,第四种方法用于记人的文章中,第三种方法即可用于记人又可用于叙事。

1、以人物活动的时间顺序为线索。

前面我们介绍了一次郊游的开头,接下来我们可以按人物活动的时间顺序作如下展开:(5)We first stayed for an hour on the grass land at the foot of the hill. There were many people there.Some of us were singing and dancing while others were playing games. Then we began to climb the hill, talking and laughing.On the top of the hill we overlooked the beautiful East Lake and all cried, “Wow!” We were also shocked at the beauty of other hills and the fields around. Besides playing chess and badminton, we took many photographs.At noon we had a picnic. In the afternoon we met some foreign guests. We talked and played games together.在这篇文章中,作者和同学活动的时间顺序为: first)then)atnoon)in the afternoon.2、按空间位置变换组织材料。