实用工程英语写作教程
实用英语写作第五章教案 Composing Essays
1.Planning a CompositionA. When a topic is assigned, the student should first try to think of as manyrelevant facts as he can and write down them on a piece of paper.B.At the same time, he should try to find a proper thesis or theme. Thethesis of a composition is its main point or its central idea. It is the conclusion that should be drawn from the facts to be presented in the composition.C.After that, he should look at the list of facts again, eliminate thoseunnecessary or unimportant ones, rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.2.Types of OutlinesAn outline subdivides the controlling idea or thesis of the essay into smaller parts, which are then developed into separate paragraphs. Roman and Arabic numerals and letters of the alphabet are generally used to number and order ideas. There are two commonly used types of outline: the topic outline and the sentence outline.A.Topic OutlineAll entries in a topic outline consist of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents, that is, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. A topic outline is brief and clear, and it gives an instant overview of the entire paper.B.Sentence OutlineThe entries in a sentence outline are complete sentences. A sentenceoutline provides a more detailed plan of the paper.3.Writing the First DraftIt is necessary to write a first draft, in which there should be enough space between lines for future corrections and improvements. While writing the draft, the writer need not be afraid of the departing form theout line at one place or another. But he had better stop to revise his outline or work out a new one if he finds his original outline entirely impracticable.4.Revising the First DraftIf possible, a student should write the first draft one to two days before the time when he has to hand in the composition to the teacher. He will then have enough time for revising the draft, and be able to examine it more objectively.While revising a composition, the student should keep in mind that revision does not mean a simple correction of mistake in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics.5.Making the Final CopyThe very last step in writing a composition, a step that should never be forgotten, is to check the final copy. In doing so the writer is likely to find that he has made careless mistakes in grammar and spelling, and he may also want to change a word here and there.II Organization1.Some PrinciplesA.Like a paragraph, a composition must have unity. A speaker may beallowed to digress from his main subject for a little while, but a writer is not given such freedom.B. A composition consists of several paragraphs, each of which has onecentral thought. They must be arranged in some kind of order, so that one paragraph leads naturally to another to form an organic whole.C.Proportion is as important to an essay as it is to a painting. Main facts orideas deserve full treatment; minor ones should be given less space. The essential part of an essay is the body or the middle part. To give this part about seven-or eight-tenths of the total space will be just right. The beginning and the end, though important, have to be short.2.The BeginningA.The beginning rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention tothe subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.B.The middle gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideasthe writer intends to put forth.C.The end winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forcefulstatement to influence the reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.Concluding paragraphs should be short, forceful, substantial, and thought-provoking, made up mainly of restatements or summaries of the points that have been discussed. No new ideas should be introduced in a concluding paragraph.Sometimes it is good to link the concluding paragraph to the introductory. If. For instance, a question is raised in the introductoryparagraph, an answer should be given in the concluding paragraph.III Types of Writing1.DescriptionA description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or theimpressions of one’s senses—sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Not all details are useful. The writer should choose those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described, and leave out those irrelevant ones.A. Description of a personWhile describing a person, the writer should try to reveal the person’s character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what theperson does and says, or in how he behaves to others. And it is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people.B. Description of a placePlaces may be described for their own sake, as in essays on visits to famous scenic places, but also for the purpose of revealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood. As in describinga person, in describing a place one should mainly write about the thingsthat make it different from other places.C. Description of an objectTo describe an object we have to depend on our senses, because we need to mention its size, shape, color, texture, taste, and smell. It is also necessary to tell how it is used if it is useful, and what part it plays in a person’s life if it is in some way related to him. But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object, probably its most important characteristic.D. Description of a sceneA scene usually consists of three basic factors: the setting, the people,and the actions. It is also possible to describe the scene of some natural phenomenon.The writer should try to create a dominant impression when describing a scene. Before he begins to write, he must make up his mind as to what effect he wants the description to achieve. This will help him to decide which details to delete and which to include.2.NarrationTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In itsbroadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary,biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration often goes hand in hand with description. When planning anarrative, the writer should consider these five aspects: context, selectionof details, organization, point of view, and purpose.3.ExpositionExposition means expounding or explaining. Exposition mainly dealswith processes and relationships. We are writing a descriptive essaywhen we describe the appearance of an object; but we are writing an expository essay when we explain how it is made, how it is used, and how it may change. Things can be explained by illustration, process, classification and division, comparison and contrast, and analysis of their causes and effects or definition.The most important quality of exposition is clarity. To achieve this the writer should:A.Limit his subject or the scope of discussion, or it is impossible to explainmany things clearly in a short essay:B.Prepare enough material to help his explanation; the ordinary reader oftenfinds abstract discussions hard to follow if they are not illustrated by concrete examples;C.Present his facts and views in proper order.D.Pay attention to the accuracy and clarity of words and sentences; avoidornamental as well as ambiguous expressions.4.ArgumentationThe purpose of exposition is to inform; the purpose of argumentation, on the other hand, is to convince. While an expository paper makes know something and explains it to make the reader understand, an argumentative essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it. Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.If you wish to write a good argumentative essay, you should do your best to meet the following requirements:A.A debatable pointB.Sufficient evidenceC.Good logicD.Clear logicE.Good use of the other three types of writingF.An honest and friendly attitude。
实用英语写作教程 (18)
( 大连理工大学出版社
1.5.1 Samples
Sample 2
Section V
Dear Mr. Smith, I am excessively sorry to tell you that I could not make the speech on how to study English language in
Sincerely yours, Li Ming
大连理工大学出版社
1.5.1 Samples
译文
Section V
亲爱的史密斯先生： 我本来打算这个周末在广州大学做关于“怎么学好英语”的讲座，但是非常抱歉我不能如期来贵校了。我
写此信是想表达我深深的歉意。我想您对我不能来做这个演讲肯定非常失望，我希望您能理解并且原谅我。 我非常感谢您肯听我的解释。我不能来是因为我突然得了大病，并且医生强烈要求我这个周末做一个全身
Guangzhou University this weekend as planned. Now I am writing this letter to show my deep regret. I fear that you are displeased at my being unable to make the speech. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for being absent.
of the medical bill. I sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. I would appreciate your allowing me to
《实用英语写作教程》课件—记叙文
3.2.1 概述
1. 开头。 在记叙文的开头，作者往往需要交代事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物和人与人之间的关系 等内容，这些内容包含导致未来变化和发展的因素，为下文情节的展开作铺垫。例如：
Last Saturday evening when my father was away on a business trip, I dropped and broke a bowl in the kitchen around midnight, causing a noise that created a chain reaction of misunderstandings.
3.2.1 概述
一般来说，叙述个人经历的段落都是按照时间顺序来组织的。 该部分就是严格按时间顺序来写的， 文章用了 “on June 27, 1880，in March of 1887，seven years old，a 20-year-old，In 1900，in 1904，In 1936， on June 1, 1968” 等一些表述事件时间发展顺序的词语将文章串在一起，条理清楚、叙述流畅。 另外，常 用的时间短语还有as, after, while, as soon as, soon, just as, upon等。
② 以地点为线索，按地点的转移来发展。 以“A Trip to a Village”为例： One Sunday afternoon, we took a bicycle trip to a small village several miles from the city. The weather was fair and the breeze gentle. On arriving the village, the beautiful sight immediately made us the tiredness from the journey. Most of the houses were built of red bricks and white stones. In the center of the village, there is a small pond with a few geese swimming to and from on the water. We walked to a level spot on a hill and took a rest there. We listened to the songs of the birds and the murmur of the streams. When the sun was going down, we saw at a distance a few little boys on cow backs, singing and laughing happily on their way home.
实用职场英文写作教程(第2版) Unit 13
3. 货物数量不符 (Larger/smaller quantities)
• 3.1Surplus goods delivered 超量交货
• 当供货商交付的货物超出订量时，买方有权拒收所有的货物或仅拒收 超额部分。或者，买方可以接收全部货物，并对超额部分按相同价格 付费。
• 3.2Shortage in delivery 交货不足
• In daily life, it is quite normal that we make (or receive) complaints and claims for various reasons. For example, sometimes we complain the quality of the goods and claim for the refund; while sometimes we have to deal with complaints and claims from our customers, though in fact we have done our best to serve them. In order to make sure these issues could be done properly and keep a good relationship with the interlocutor, we have to know how to deal with the issues with our words and skills.
•
• • •
包装不当 (Bad packing)
货物未按时送达 (Late delivery) 卖家服务差 (Poor service)
What Is the General Structure of Complaints/Claims
《实用英语写作》PPT课件
5 . I’ve got full scholarship from the school . It can cover all my expenses . / My father will support me . He owns his own business . 6 . Yes , I think so . I’ve got a high score on the TOEFL and GRE . I am also supposed to take ESL course to improve my language skills . / I’ve studied English very hard . I minored in English Language and Literature at college . 7 . I want to get a master’s degree so I plan to be there for about two years . / I want to take five years to earn my M A and Ph. D. I hope it won’t take any longer.
At the Customs
1. May I see your passport and your Immigration Form ?/ Your passport , please . 2 . What’s the purpose of your trip ?
3 . Is this your first visit to the United States ?
5 . How will you pay all your expenses during your stay in the States ? / Who’s responsible for your expenses during during your stay in the States ? Who’s your sponsor ?
实用工程英语写作作文范文
实用工程英语写作作文范文Risk assessment is a crucial aspect of any engineering project. It involves systematically identifying, analyzing, and managing potential risks that could impact the project's success. By conducting a thorough risk assessment, engineers and project managers can make informed decisions to mitigate or avoid potential problems, thereby increasing the likelihood of project success.One key benefit of risk assessment is the ability to anticipate and prepare for potential problems before they occur. By identifying potential risks early in the project planning phase, engineers can develop contingency plans and allocate resources to address these risks, reducing the likelihood of costly delays or project failures. This proactive approach also allows for better coordination andcommunication among project team members, as everyone is aware of potential risks and the steps to address them.Furthermore, risk assessment plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering projects. By identifying potential hazards and risks, engineers can take proactive measures to design and implement safety protocols and quality control measures that minimize the likelihood of accidents or equipment failures. This not only protects the well-being of workers and the general public but also helps to safeguard the reputation of the engineeringfirm or organization responsible for the project.In addition, conducting a thorough risk assessment can also lead to cost savings and improved project performance. By addressing potential risks early on, engineers can avoid costly delays, rework, and budget overruns. This allows for more efficient use of resources and a more streamlinedproject timeline, ultimately leading to increasedprofitability and client satisfaction.In conclusion, risk assessment is an essential aspect of successful engineering projects. By systematically addressing potential risks, engineers and project managers can improve safety, financial performance, and overall project success. Embracing a proactive approach to risk assessment is crucial for the continued advancement of the engineering field and the successful completion of complex projects.。
英语实用文体写作系列考研英语应用文写作完全手册
2006年考研英语应用文写作完全手册2006年考研英语增加一篇应用短文写作。
考生应能写不同类型应用文，以及一般描述性、表达性、说明性或议论性文章。
A节要求考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)应用性短文，包括私人与公务信函、便笺、备忘录、摘要、报告等。
考生在答题卡2上作答，总分值10分。
应用文都有一定格式，但了解格式只是应用文写作最起码要求，要想在10分钟左右写好一篇既定情景应用短文，这既需要具有熟练运用语言文字根本功，同时又需要有根据既定情景迅速构文能力。
因此，考生对这一局部应给予足够重视，在复习过程中要针对应用文写作做足量专项练习。
针对此变化，我们为广阔莘莘学子特意编辑了这期应用文写作完全手册专题，有望尽各位一臂之力！———————有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚天不负有心人卧薪尝胆三千里越甲可吞吴各种类型文章写作· 演讲与致辞· 证书· 证明· 合同与协议· 产品说明书· 天气预报· 食谱· 广告· 贺卡· 日记· 启事· 自我介绍· 海报· 通知· 简历--举例· 简历--概述· 摘要--常见句型· 摘要--概述· 备忘录--举例· 备忘录--概述· 便笺(便条)与短信--分类举例--回复友人问侯· 便笺(便条)与短信--分类举例--借物· 便笺(便条)与短信--分类举例--抱歉· 便笺(便条)与短信--分类举例--约请· 便笺(便条)与短信--分类举例--请假· 便笺(便条)与短信--概述· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--祝福信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--请求信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--求学信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--感谢信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--邀请信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--求助信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--推荐信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--应聘信· 私人与公务信函--分类举例--私人介绍信· 私人与公务信函--常用句式· 私人与公务信函--概述演讲与致辞一篇好演讲稿，通常要有很精彩演讲词，以及很好文体特征与篇章构造，同时还得考虑所演讲对象。
大学英语实用写作教程Chapter three Notices
• Task 2: samples • The following are some samples of notices. Read them carefully and fill in the blank with the proper words
• Notice • An English evening is to be ___in the School Hall on Saturday, June 16, at 7:30 p.m. The____ includes songs, story-telling, cross-talk and short plays. All the students and teachers are warmly_____. • Students’ Union • June10, 2005
• Found
• May 16, 2008 • I happened to find a purse, inside of which there is money and other things. Loser is _____to contact me to ____it. My cell phone number:139……. • My ____time :9:00—21:00 • Finder, • Zhang Ming
More in Chinese
• 通知的格式，包括标题、称呼、正文、落款。 ①标题：写在第一行正中。可只写“通知”二字，如果事情重要或紧 急，也可写“重要通知 ”或“紧急通知”，以引起注意。有的在“通 知”前面写上发通知的单位名称，还有的写上 通知的主要内容。 ②称呼：写被通知者的姓名或职称或单位名称。在第二行顶格写。 (有时，因通知事项简短 ，内容单一，书写时略去称呼，直起正文。) ③正文：另起一行，空两格写正文。正文因内容而异。开会的通知要 写清开会的时间、地点 、参加会议的对象以及开什么会，还要写清要 求。布置工作的通知，要写清所通知事件的目 的、意义以及具体要求 和作法。 ④落款：分两行写在正文右下方，一行署名，一行写日期。 写通知一般采用条款式行文，可以简明扼要，使被通知者能一目了然， 便于遵照执行。
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实用工程英语写作教程
本教程旨在帮助工程师和技术人员提高英语写作能力，特别是在工程和科技领域中的写作。
本教程将涵盖以下主题：
第一章：工程英语写作概述
介绍工程英语写作的基本概念和原则，探讨工程英语写作的目的、受众、样式和格式。
第二章：工程英语写作的风格
讨论工程英语写作的风格，包括简明扼要、准确、清晰、直接和具体等特点，介绍如何运用这些特点来改进工程英语写作。
第三章：工程英语写作的语法和标点符号
分析工程英语写作的语法和标点符号，包括主谓一致、时态、被动语态、连接词等语法要点，以及逗号、句号、分号等标点符号的使用。
第四章：工程英语写作的单词和短语
介绍工程英语写作中常用的单词和短语，包括技术术语、动词短语、名词短语等，并提供使用这些单词和短语的样例。
第五章：工程英语写作中的句子结构
分析工程英语写作中的句子结构，包括简单句、复合句、并列句等形式，介绍如何运用这些句子结构来改进工程英语写作。
第六章：工程英语写作的结构和逻辑
探讨工程英语写作的结构和逻辑，包括段落结构、文章结构、论据和证据等要素，介绍如何运用这些要素来改进工程英语写作。
第七章：工程英语写作的实践
提供工程英语写作的实践指导，包括如何准备、撰写、编辑和校对工程英语文档，以及如何与读者交流等方面的实践技巧。
本教程将通过实例、练习、案例和评估来帮助学生提高工程英语写作技能，提供工程英语写作方面的实用建议和实践经验。