演讲的艺术 chapter 6 2 ppt课件
演讲的艺术
The art of effective communication between a speaker (or writer) and anThe ability to respect diversity and toFocused, organized thinking about such things as the logicalideals, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between’s messageThe sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, andhormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical orMental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herselfStealing ideals or language from two or three sources andFailing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that areTo restate or summarize an author's ideals in one's own wordsstatement in the introduction of a speech that identifies theA method of speech organization in which the main pointsA method of speech organization in which the main points divide theA word or phrase that indicates when the speaker has finished one thoughtpresented from a brief set of notesa speechWhat a speaker wants the audience to rememberthe audience foremost in mind at every step ofThe tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own value,Audience characteristics such as age, gender, education,Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale ofthat allow respondents to answer however theymaterials used to support a speaker's ideas. The threeA story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length toa speech together in a particular way to achieve aThe major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speechesmethod of speech organization in which the main pointsmethod of speech organization in which the main points follow amethod of speech organization in which the first mainof a problem and the second main point presents aA method of speech organization in which the main points divide theA word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thoughtstatement in the body of the speech that summarizes theA very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or thatA question that the audience answers mentally rather than outstatement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the课后练习Chapter 4Topic :Studying abroadGeneral Purpose:To persuadeSpecific Purpose:To persuade the audience to study abroad will enhance your personal development,academic development,and career development.Central Idea:Main points: I. You should study abroad because it will enhance your personal development.II. You should study abroad because it will enhance your academic developmentIII. You should study abroad because it will enhance your career development.Topic : Events in triathlonGeneral purpose: To informSpecific purpose: To inform the audience of the three events in triathlon : swimming, cycling and running.Central Idea:Main points:The first event in triathlon is swimmingThe second event in triathlon is cycling.The third event in triathlon is running.I. The first major cause of airplane crashes is pilot error.II. The second major cause of airplane crashes is weather. Topical OrderIII. The third major cause of airplane crashes is mechanical failure.I. The peak of Mount Kilimanjaro has an arctic climate with snow,ice,,and violent winds.II. The middle of Mount Kilimanjaro has a rain forest climate with lush vegetation and diverse animal species.III. The base of Mount Kilimanjaro has a bushland climate with pastures and farming communities. Spatial OrderI. The Chinese film industry began in the early 20th century.II. The first golden period of Chinese cinema occurred during the 1930s.III. The second golden period occurred in the years after World War II.IV. The Chinese film industry was scaled back during the 1960s and 1970s.V. Today Chinese films are in another golden period of international acclaim.Chronological Order。
演讲的艺术(第十三版)(中国版)教师用书U6
Chapter 6 supporting your ideas（教师用书持续更新中……）Section One: Chapter Teaching GuidePART ONE: TEACHING OBJECTIVES在学完这一章后，学生应该能够：•解释使用支撑材料的重要性•了解三种主要的支撑材料类型•区分并使用简短例证、延展例证和假设例证。
•辨别数据是否可靠,并在演讲中有效使用数据。
•区分专家证言和当事者证言。
•鉴别网络支撑材料的质量。
PART TWO: TEACHING SUGGESTIONSI例证（Examples）➤知识概述研究表明，生动、具体的例子对听众的观点和行为有着很大的影响力。
没有实例，演讲者的一些想法就会显得含糊不清、缺乏感染力和活力。
实例不但可以使想法清晰、具体和深刻，还可以使其具有强大的情感诉求力。
演讲中常用的实例有三类：简短例证，延展例证和假设例证。
简短例证（Brief Examples）简短例证也被称为具体实例。
这种例证可以用来简单地说明一个问题或道理。
例如中国驻美大使秦刚在就职后的公开演讲中就使用了两个简短例子来说明大国合作乃大势所趋。
Fifty years ago, Dr. Henry Kissinger made a secret visit to China and opened the door to the normalization of China-U.S. relations. It was during the Cold War; at that time there was virtually no contact between the two countries. Dr. Kissinger had to travel covertly to China via a third country. Fifty years later today, as the 11th Chinese Ambassador to the United States, I can travel most openly and fly directly to this country. How the world has changed with the passage of time! I believe that the door of China-U.S. relations, which is already open, cannot be closed. This is the trend of the world, the call of the times, and the will of the people.另一种方法就是使用一系列的简短例子直到产生预想的效果为止。
演讲的艺术 chapter
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Testimony
• Direct quotation • Paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tea is popular.
Large
Tea is second only to
quantities of water as the world’s most
tea are
consumed beverage. More
consumed tea is consumed each year
by people than all other
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Evaluating Electronic Information
• Purpose • Expertise • Objectivity • Accuracy • Timeliness
around the manufactured drinks in
globe.
the world put together,
including coffee,
chocolate, soft drinks and
alcohol. Total tea
consumption is 4 billion
kilograms annually.
testimony
McGraw-Hill
《演讲》PPT优秀课件
该演讲内容空洞，缺乏实质性的产品特点和优势介绍，同 时语言表达平淡无奇，无法吸引听众的注意力。
在此添加您的文本16字
案例二：某政治家竞选演讲
在此添加您的文本16字
缺乏自信、表现紧张、内容重复
在此添加您的文本16字
该政治家在演讲中表现紧张，缺乏自信，内容重复且没有 新意，无法赢得听众的信任和支持。
学习借鉴优秀作品
阅读经典演讲书籍
01
阅读经典的演讲书籍，学习历史上伟大演讲家的经验和技巧，
听众容易理解。
举例说明
通过举例说明观点，使抽象的 概念具体化，增强听众的印象
。
结尾总结
在演讲结束时，对整个演讲进 行总结，强调重点内容，加深
听众的印象。
互动阶段技巧
提问与回答
互动游戏
在演讲过程中，鼓励听众提问，并给 予积极的回答和建议。
通过互动游戏，增强与听众的互动和 参与感。
小组讨论
组织小组讨论，让听众之间互相交流 观点和经验，提高参与度。
议论
通过分析和评论，表达自己的观 点和见解，引导听众思考。
情感传递技巧
情感共鸣
通过讲述感人故事、引用名言警句等方式，引发 听众的情感共鸣。
情绪渲染
运用夸张、对比等修辞手法，增强演讲的情感渲 染力。
节奏把握
通过控制语速、语调等手段，使演讲更具节奏感 和韵律感。
肢体语言配合
表情管理
通过微笑、眼神交流等方式，增强与听众的互动和沟通。
选取素材
选择与主题相关的素材，如案例、数据、故事等，使演讲内容更加生动、具体 。
突出重点与亮点
突出重点
将演讲的重点内容进行强调和突出，如使用加粗、斜体、下划线等标记。
演讲技巧讲义(PPT47张)
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12、跌倒了，一定要爬起来。不爬起来，别人会看不起。
•
13、要相信，这个世界上永远能够依靠的只有你自己。所以，管别人怎么看，坚持自己的坚持，直到坚持不下去为止。
•
14、也许你想要的未来在别人眼里不值一提，也许你已经很努力了可还是有人不满意，也许你的理想离你的距离从来没有拉近过......但请你继续向前走，因为别人看不到你的努力，你却始终看得见自己。
实都是祝愿。
“如果让我重进大学，我将学好两门课：演讲和说服。”
学习目标
训练介绍自己和战胜怯场 学习如何准备演讲和组织演讲 了解和练习基本的演讲技巧
大纲
一、演讲技巧基础知识 二、演讲入门的首要任务 三、如何准备演讲 四、如何组织演讲
一、“演讲技巧”基础知识
“演讲”
是指在公众场所， 以有声语言和形体语言 针对某个具体问题， 完整鲜明地发表自己的见解和主张， 阐明事理、抒发情感或进行 宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动。
•
10、生活中，有人给予帮助，那是幸运，没人给予帮助，那是命运。我们要学会在幸运青睐自己的时候学会感恩，在命运磨练自己的时候学会坚韧。这既是对自己的尊重，也是对自己的负责。
•
11、失败不可怕，可怕的是从来没有努力过，还怡然自得地安慰自己，连一点点的懊悔都被麻木所掩盖下去。不能怕，没什么比自己背叛自己更可怕。
战胜怯场
第二法：呼吸松弛法
深吸 慢呼 稳呼 匀呼
战胜怯场
第三法：知音寻求法 ——寻找向你微笑面孔
每一场演讲都是演讲者和听众之间的对话 只要你关心听众,他们也会关心你 枯燥的说教听众会睡觉
阶段性回顾
一个定义，两个任务，三个方面
练习一：
三分钟准备：假设在一个公开演讲会上，请您
演讲的艺术ppt课件
.
15
具体目标
准确地表达演讲者希望通过演讲来达成一个具体的目标 具体目标应该落在某一个话题的某一个具体方面上
具体目标调整的提示
写成一个完整的不定式短句，而不是只言片语 用陈述句而不是问句来表达自己的目标 避免在目标陈述中使用比喻 把目标陈述浓缩成一个明确的想法 具体目标不能太模糊
.
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The Art of Public Speaking
听众为中心
演讲的目的不是发泄，而是在听众那里获得想要获得的反馈 以听众为中心也不是不择手段或违法道德和法律 成功演讲最重要的元素就是重视每一个听众
你的头脑中应该记住的问题
我准备对谁讲话？ 我希望他们听完我的演讲后了解或做点什么？ 实现目标最有效的办法是什么？
公众演讲与日常对话的区别
公众演讲结构更加严谨 公众演讲要求更正式的用语 公众演讲要求用“演讲”的说话方式
.
3
最担心的事情
紧张属于正常
适度地紧张是正常的，甚至是值得期待的
消除紧张的方法
获取演讲经验：人们对陌生的事物紧张，对熟悉的事情就不在紧张了 准备、准备、再准备：演讲一分钟需要准备一小时 积极思考：信心是积极思考的来源，你觉得自己能行你就行 形象化的力量：给自己构建一个演讲成功的“画面” 紧张不易被识别：你的紧张只有极少数观众能够看得出来 别指望完美：世界上没有完美的演讲/小的失误会体现你的人情味
.
16
中心思想
用一句简单的句子总结或表达演讲的主要内容 留存信息：你希望听众忘记所有演讲内容后记住的东西 中心思想在很大程度上暗示了演讲的内容
中心思想的指南
中心思想应该用一个完整的句子表达出来，避免疑问与修辞 中心思想一定要意思明确，不能产生任何的歧义 中心思想必须告诉听众你的话题的答案，而不是仅仅抛出问题
英语演讲的艺术week-sixPPT课件
-
3
Speeches about Objects
• Object: anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.
• Here are examples of subjects for speeches about objects:
Gobi Desert
-
22
Don’t Overestimate What The Audience Knows
• You can’t assume that your audience will know what you mean.
-
21
Tips for Informative Speaking
• Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.
• Don’t be too technical. • Personalize your ideas. • Avoid abstractions. • Be creative.
• To inform my audience about the major types of cyber crime.
-
16
• If your specific purpose is to recount the history of an event, you’ll organize your speech in chronological order, relating the incidents one after another in the order they occurred. Example-see APS page 181.
《演讲》PPT优秀课件
02
CHAPTER
演讲技巧
充分准备
在准备阶段，需要充分准备演讲所需的所有材料，如PPT、讲稿、道具等。同时，也要为可能出现的问题做好应对准备，如技术故障或遗忘内容等。
明确目标
在准备阶段，首先需要明确演讲的目标。这有助于确定演讲的主题、内容和结构，确保演讲能够达到预期的效果。
研究听众
了解听众的背景、需求和兴趣是准备阶段的重要一环。通过研究听众，可以调整演讲的内容和方式，使其更符合听众的期望和需求。
详细描述
总结词
演讲作为一种艺术形式，有着悠久的历史和丰富的发展历程。要一要点二详细描述
演讲的历史可以追溯到古代文明时期，当时的人们通过演讲来传达信息和观点，如古希腊的演说家和罗马的雄辩家。随着社会的发展，演讲逐渐发展成为一种独立的艺术形式，出现了许多杰出的演讲家和演讲理论。在现代社会，演讲已经成为一种重要的语言艺术形式，广泛应用于政治、商业、教育等领域。
详细描述
选取一些知名演讲家的经典演讲，深入剖析他们的演讲技巧、风格和表达方式，让观众从中汲取营养。
THANKS
感谢您的观看。
针对存在的问题和不足，提出具体的改进建议，如优化内容结构、调整视觉效果等。
鼓励制作者在今后的制作中发挥创新精神，尝试更多的表达方式和素材。
建议制作者多参考优秀的PPT作品，提高自己的制作水平。
05
CHAPTER
实践与案例分析
总结词
通过赏析名家的演讲，学习他们的演讲技巧和风格，提高自己的演讲水平。
《演讲》ppt优秀课件
汇报人：可编辑
2023-12-23
目录
演讲概述演讲技巧演讲类型与风格演讲评价与反馈实践与案例分析
01
CHAPTER
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McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives:
• Supporting your ideas by:
examples statistics testimony
McGraw-Hill
testimony
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Narration
• Personal • Third-person • Second
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Statistics
• Single • Multiple • Tips:
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Statistics
• Don’t rely exclusively on statistics. • Use representative statistics • Identify the sources of statistics • Form reliable sources • Round off. • Explain statistics • Use presentational aids. • Stress their impact.
Slide 6
Types of Supporting Materials
•1 •2 •3
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Examples
• Brief • Extended • Actual • Hypothetical
Tea is popular.
Large
Tea is second only to
quantities of water as the world’s most
tea are
consumed beverage. More
consumed tea is consumed each year
by people than all other
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 4
Key Terms
• Supporting materials
Ő example (brief ,extended , hypothetical ) Ő Statistics (single, multiple) Ő Testimony (expert, peer)
around the manufactured drinks in
globe.
the world put together,
including coffee,
chocolate, soft drinks and
alcohol. Total tea
consumption is 4 billion
kilograms annually.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Purposes of Supporting Materials
• Clarity • Vividness • Credibility
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Hale Waihona Puke Slide 12Testimony
• Direct quotation • Paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Tips for using examples
• Make examples vivid and richly textured • Reinforce examples with statistic or
Slide 13
Testimony
Tips: Quote or paraphrase Quote or paraphrase accurately Form qualified/unbiased sources Identify the people you quote or
paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
CHAPTER
6
Supporting Your Ideas
by Ada Pan Oct. 2012
McGraw-Hill
Stephen E. Lucas
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Purposes of Supporting Slide 2 Materials
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Tests of Evidence
• Is the evidence quoted in context? • Is the source of the evidence an expert? • Is the source of the evidence unbiased? • Is the evidence relevant to the point? • Is the evidence specific? • Is the evidence sufficient to prove the point? • Is the evidence timely?