中考英语构词法练习
中考英语词汇记忆方法技巧单选题60题
中考英语词汇记忆方法技巧单选题60题1. I'm so thirsty. Please give me some _____.A. waterB. waiterC. writerD. winter答案：A。
本题考查同音词的辨析。
选项B“waiter”意思是“服务员”；选项C“writer”意思是“作家”；选项D“winter”意思是“冬天”。
而“thirsty”表示口渴，需要的是“water”水。
2. The _____ is very beautiful.A. beachB. teachC. peachD. reach答案：C。
这道题考查近形词。
选项A“beach”是“海滩”；选项B“teach”是“教”；选项D“reach”是“到达”。
“beautiful”通常形容美好的事物，“peach”桃子是美好的，所以选C。
3. We need to _____ our English vocabulary.A. improveB. proveC. moveD. love答案：A。
此题考查近形词的含义。
选项B“prove”是“证明”；选项C“move”是“移动”；选项D“love”是“爱”。
“improve”有“提高、改善”的意思，符合“我们需要提高英语词汇量”的语境。
4. There is a _____ in my room.A. chairB. hairC. pairD. fair答案：A。
本题考查同音词。
选项B“hair”是“头发”；选项C“pair”是“一对、一双”；选项D“fair”是“公平的、集市”。
房间里通常有的是“chair”椅子。
5. Please be _____ when you cross the road.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. cared答案：B。
这道题考查近形词的用法。
选项A“care”是动词，关心；选项C“careless”是“粗心的”；选项D“cared”是动词过去式。
中考英语语法专题 构词法
dishonest，dislike, disagree, disappear；
表示否定
non-
impossible, impolite; incorrect; non-smoking
第2部分 语法突破
前缀 misinterrepre-
意义 表示“错的” 表示“互相， 在……之间” 表示“再，重新”
China classmate however end live possible use return they late You are going to high school, aren’t you? Several years ago, 1．__C_h_i_n_e_se___ high school students would show their new schoolbags, new clothes or new pens to their 2．___c_la_s_s_m_a_t_es___ when the new term started. Today, 3．_h_o_w__e_v_er___， all have changed.
第2部分 语法突破
返回目录
2．派生法：在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这 种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀
叫后缀。
(1)前缀
前缀
意义
例词
un-， dis-， “不，非”， unfriendly, unpleasant, uncomfortable;
im-， in-，
表示 “在……之前”
例词 misunderstand, mislead interview, international, Internet rewrite, return, review
中考英语名词训练试题含答案解析
初中英语名词练习题1．This is a photo ________ my school.A．in B．on C．of D．from【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：这是一张我学校的照片。
考查介词辨析和名词所有格。
in在……里面；on在……上；of……的；from 从……。
根据“a photo ... my school”可知，此处应用of构成名词所有格，表示“一张我学校的照片”。
故选C。
2．—How many ________ do we need?—Three.A．sugar B．bananas C．honey D．cheese【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——我们需要多少香蕉？——三根。
考查名词辨析。
sugar糖，不可数名词；bananas香蕉，可数名词复数；honey 蜂蜜，不可数名词；cheese奶酪，不可数名词，指奶酪种类时，可数。
How many提问可数名词复数的数量，故空白处是复数名词bananas。
故选B。
3．—Are there any ________ between the two buildings?—No. I think they are the same.A．differences B．looks C．trees D．people【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——这两座大楼有什么不同吗？——不。
我认为它们是一样的。
考查名词词义辨析。
differences不同；looks相貌；trees树；people人。
根据答句“No. I think they are the same.”可知，问句询问两座大楼是否有不同之处，故选A。
4．Mary is _________ girl.A．an 8 year old B．8-years-old C．the 8 year old D．an 8-year-old 【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：玛丽是一个8岁的姑娘。
考查复合形容词。
第18讲构词法(讲义)-2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)(原卷版)
►第18讲构词法（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考构词法考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四名词考向1.构词法的几种分类2.派生法中各个前缀和后缀的含义3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟中考构词法经典考题【复习目标】1.掌握构词法的几种分类。
2. 熟记派生法中各个前缀和后缀的含义。
【考情分析】【网络构建】分析中考英语真题可知，构词法从没有在中考试题中直接进行考查，但是在阅读理解材料中常常会出现以学过的词为词根，采用某种构成法构成的新单词，如果学生没有掌握这种构词法，就可能会影响对材料的影响，从而影响学生答题的准确性。
在几种构词法中，《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》附录4语法项目表对缩写和简写仅作理解要求。
综上分析，学生在复习构词法时，首先一定要记住、理解并掌握常用前缀、后缀所构成的词义变化及词性变化，其次要理解合成和转化构词法，最后，要记住一些常见的缩写和简写。
《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》附录4语法项目表中构词法有四种：合成法、派生法、转换法和缩写和简写。
其中缩写和简写课程标准仅做理解要求。
合成法：由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法称为合成法(compounding)。
合成词之间有的要用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。
派生法：在一个词的词根(root)的前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词, 这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)。
加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix)，加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)转化法: 在词行不变的情况下，一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，称为转换(conversion)。
转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。
缩写和简写：是一个单词或短语的缩写形式，去掉一些字母或只使用每个单词的第一个字母。
photo-photograph,USA -The United States of America一．合成法1. 常考前缀。
中考英语词形转换专练(用正确形式填空)
词形转换专练（用所给的词的正确形式填空)在初中阶段,词型转换是教与学的重点、难点之一，也是中考的必考题型。
许多学生认为难以掌握，其实只要弄清它的规律,就容易得多了。
下面，我们就来总结一下这种题型的规律:一、名词：1．How many ____ ____ do you have？（subject）2．____ ____parents call the bird Polly．(Lucy and Lily)3．It will be ____ ____ tom orrow．（sun)4．He writes ____ ____ ．（care）二、形容词：1．He is ____ ____ than I．（tall)2．She is ____ ____ girl in her class．（strong)3．He ____ ____ passed his stick on tothe fourth runner．（quick）4．There will be a heavy ____ ____ tomorrow．（snowy）三、副词：1．He ran ____ ____ than any of theother boys in his class．（fast）2．He jum ps ____ ____ of all the boys．（far)3．This problem is very easy，please give me a ____ ____ answer．（quickly）4．Lucy，please take good ____ ____ of your younger sister．（carefully）四、动词：1．He often ____ ____ the classroom on Sunday．（clean）2．Jim ____ ____ cards with his friends now．（play）3．If it____(not rain）tomorrow ，I_______（visit）the Summer Palace．4．Yesterday he_____(tell)me the earth______（move）around the sun．5．Kate ____ ____ an English book at ten yesterday．（read)6．I ____ ____ you ____ ____ a long time．（not see）7．You'd better not ____ ____ there by bike．(go）8．I’m very tired，we’d better stop _____a rest．（have）9．He enjoyed ____ ____ in the country．(live）10．Jim is his ____ ____ name．（give)11．He is a ____ ____ ．(visit）12．My bike is ____ ____ ．(break)五、数词：1．Take the ____ ____ turning on the left．（two）2．Please read Part ____ ____ ．（first）六、代词：1．This is ____ ____ pen(I），and that’s_____．（her）2．Please put ____ over there．（they）3．____ ____are all the students in our school．（their)常用构词法:1、动词→名词work→worker invent→inventor teach→teachersing→singer visit→visitor drive→driverinvent→invention operate→operation2、名词→名词farm→farmer police→policemanFrench→Frenchman3、名词→形容词care→careful use→useful sun→sunnycloud→cloudy wind→windy rain→rainyAmerica→American China→Chinese interest→interestingdifference→different ice→icy4、形容词→副词quick→quickly happy→happilypossible→possibly true→trulypolite→politely wide→widely5、形容词→反义词happy→unhappy usual→unusualable→unable词尾变化表五)写出Array下列单词的反义词：A)1. yes2。
05 语法填空真题链接-攻克2021年中考英语语法填空之构词法精讲精练
语法填空真题ARecently, a foreign student in China gave a very touching answer to the question. What should China be proud of? It was 46.________(wide) spread online. Emma is from Canada. She came to China four years ago. Now she is 47. ________ university student in Ningbo. The following is China in her eyes. “48. ________ (find) a job in China can be really simple. There are more job 49. ________(chance) here than in any other country in the world.” “Its public security(安全) is great. I 50. ________ (travel) to many countries so far, and I think China is really safe.” "About 400 million Chinese are studying English. China will become the country 51. ________ has the greatest number of English speakers in non-English speaking countries.”“The speed of Chinese trains is high. On my 52. ________ (three) visit to my friend in Beijing, I took a train there. From Ningbo 53. ________Beijing, the train runs 1,365 kilometers for only seven hours.” "There 54. ________ (be) many more things China should be proud of. I believe China must be much 55. ________ (good) than other countries.” -----2018中考题Keys:46.widely47.a48.Finding49.chances50.have travelled/ have traveled51.which/that52.third53.to54.will be55.betterBA long time ago, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king. He slept_____ 46 (bad)and didn’t feel like eating. His face was always pale. He often cried for no reason. This made the queen and his people worried.One day, a doctor ______ 47 (call) in to examine the king. But he found nothing wrong with his body. “It’s all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. What he needs is the shirt of_____ 48happy man to wear. That’ll make him happy.”The king summoned (召唤) the minister (宰相) to the palace. But when they explained the king’s situation to him, he said, “ ______ 49 I have a lot of power, it doesn’t make me happy. I’m always worried about______ 50 (lose) my power.”Then, the king’s banker_____ 51 (come) to the palace. “Oh, I’m afraid I’m not happy, either,” he said, “I have a lot of wealth, but I’m always worried that someone tries to steal my money every day.”Next, the palace singer arrived. But this was what he said, “It’s true that I’m famous and everyone loves my songs. But I’m always worried being followed______ 52 others. I feel I am not free.”Finally, the king’s top general was told ______ 53 (go) out and find a happy man. And he managed to find a farmer_______ 54 was poor but felt really happy. When the happy man was told about the king’s situation and asked for a shirt, he said he was so poor that even didn’t have a shirt!A man’s real_______ 55 (happy) lies in his own heart! ----2019中科院三模Keys:46. badly47. was called48. a49. Although/Though50. losing51. came52. by53. to go54. who/that55. happinessCMr. Clark works in a middle school. He likes reading and often borrows some books _______59 the library. He listens to the radio every morning and reads all kinds of______ 60 (newspaper) after supper.So he knows much and teaches well. His students like______ 61 (his) very much. Mike, Mr. Clark’s little son, is only nine. He also likes books. And he often asks his father some questions. Mr. Clark always thinks the boy is too young______ 62 (understand) them and chooses the easiest ones to answer. Of course, the boy is not pleased with it. One day, Mike read something about the lights and was______ 63 (interest) in it. When his father told him to do some housework, he went on thinking of it. He asked Mr. Clark a fewquestions, and his father answered all. Then his father said______ 64 (proud), “Fathers always know more______ 65 sons do!”The boy thought for_______ 66 while and said, “I don’t think so.”“Oh? Why?” Mike didn’t answer but asked a question instead, “Who______ 67 (invent) the lights?” “Thomas Edison,” answered Mr. Clark.“Why didn’t his father invent them?”______ 68 (look) at his son, Mr. Clark didn’t know how to answer the question!-----2019罗湖区一模Keys:59-63 from, newspapers, him, to understand, interested64-68 proudly, than, a, invented, LookingDDenis Rancourt is a famous professor of physics at the University of Ottawa. As a leading expert in his research field, he 46) __________ (write) hundreds of scientific papers so far. One day, he decided 47) __________(change) his teaching method which he had used for over twenty years.It all started a few years earlier. While doing research, he found that water and land were being polluted and farms were disappearing. As a person who cared 48) __________ (deep) about the environment, Denis decided to start a science course 49) __________ was open to everyone. He even invited some 50) __________ (science) to give talks on topics such as war, trade, medical care and environmental policy. And he encouraged students to think, discuss, and take action to make the world 51) __________ better place.Once, a hall 52) __________ (fill) with over 120 people who had come to listen to these lectures. Two 12-year-old twins even came to his class.Denis became a controversial (有争议的) person. Some people praised him for his courage, social responsibility and 53) __________ (usual) teaching methods. However, others thought that he was ruining the reputation (名誉)of the university.In an interview, some reporters asked him 54) __________ he did all of this at the risk (风险) of his own career. He said, ―We, as educators, are responsible 55) __________ warning people about problems and encouraging everyone to become independent thinkers. We should try our best to stop bad things from happening.-----2019深圳一模Keys:46. has written47. to change48. deeply49. that/which50. scientists51. a52. was filled/filled53. unusual 54. why55. forEWhen I was a junior high school student, my family received (46.) ______ call. It said that my grandfather had a heart attack and (47.) ______(send) to the hospital just now. We set out (48.) ______(immediate) to be with him. When we arrived, we learned his operation was over and he was in the ICU, so we headed straight to the ICU. At the door, I felt too nervous to enter. Then I realized that a doctor came close to me and walked me step by step. She told me (49.) ______(relax) because my grandfather would be OK soon. Then her (50.) ______(explain) about the tubes that were coming out of his body was very clear. What she said gave me strength and made me feel (51.) ______(peace). As she said, my grandfather gradually made a full recovery and now he has good health.I don’t remember what she looked like, (52.) ______ I remember she cared about a teenage girl (53.) ______ was a little afraid to see her grandfather in the hospital. Her kindness passed beyond her patients to(54.) ______ (they) families. It has been seven years, but her simple act still makes a lasting impression(55.) ______ me.----2018深圳三模Keys:46. a 51. peaceful47. was sent 52. but48. immediately 53. who/that49. to relax 54. their50. explanation 55. on。
中考英语-短文填词习题(解析版)
短文填词题型有三种考查形式:音标填词(3空)、用所给提示词的适当形式填空(4空)和盲填(3空),共设空10处。
考点一音标填词因所考音标多为元音、长音、重读音节,所考词性均为实义词,如名词、动词、形容词、副词,且均为课标中的重点词汇,所以平时注意其音节和词汇拼写。
考点二构词法英语中,构词法主要有三种:①合成;①派生;①转化。
另外还有缩略法和缩写法等。
1.合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,前一个词起修饰后一个词的作用。
合成词有的用连字符连接,有的不用。
合成词的词义通常能从单词表面看出来。
合成词的主要构成方式有:2.派生法在一个单词(词根)前面或后面加上一个词缀,构成一个新词,称为派生。
词缀分为前缀和后缀。
加在单词前的词缀叫前缀;加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
考点三词类变化1.名词:变复数;所有格;形容词。
2.形容词:变副词;级别变化。
3.副词:级别变化。
4.数词:序数词或基数词。
5.代词:主格变宾格、形容词性物主代词或反身代词。
考点四无提示词填空无提示词填空题型常见类:介词、冠词、连词、代词等。
1.介词:根据语境或者固定搭配填写合适的介词。
2.冠词:判断表示泛指还是特指,确定填不定冠词还是定冠词。
3.连词:判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等。
4.代词:根据语境判断用什么形式的代词。
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
中考链接一How many birthdays do you have each year? Most of you just have1, right? Well, the Queen of Britain is different. This special2/ˈleɪdɪ/has two birthdays each year!The Queen①s3/ˈriːəl/birthday is in April. She usually celebrates it4(private)with her family. Her official birthday is always in June. This official birthday is not decided by the Queen5the weather. On this day, the Queen always has a parade(游行)for her birthday6(call)Trooping the Colour. This big outdoor parade7(start) in 1748. However, in April, the weather in Britain is very8(rain) and cold. So in the 1900s, the royal head moved it9June, when the weather is nicer. The Queen decided that her June birthday should always be on a Saturday. That’s because it is more convenient(方便的)for people to10/əˈtend/it on that day. Her official birthday may be different every year, but it is always on the Saturday closest to June 11.1.【答案】one【解析】本题考查数词。
中考初中英语常用构词法归纳
中考初中英语常用构词法归纳词汇的分类和构词法一、复习要点阐述我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。
每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。
单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。
”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。
就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。
如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。
所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。
二、要点复习的策略及技巧（一）英语的词类英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。
根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。
实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。
这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。
虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。
这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。
下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。
从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。
同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。
这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。
（二）构词法语言的基本要素之一是词汇。
在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。
英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。
如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。
随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。
在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。
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中考英语构词法练习 Prepared on 24 November 2020
中考英语构词法练习
A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词
sun---_________( ) wind ---__________( ) cloud ---__________( ) rain ---__________( ) snow ---__________( ) fun---__________( ) health ---__________( ) noise ---__________( ) salt---__________( ) tourist ---__________( ) fur ---__________( )luck ---__________( ) sleep ---__________( ) sand ---__________( )
B: 名词后加“-full” “-less”变成形容词
care ---__________( )__________( )
use---__________( )__________( )
colour---__________( ) __________( )
help---__________( ) __________( )
hope ---__________( )__________( )
harm ---__________( ) __________( )
success---__________( )wonder---__________( )
peace---__________( )play---__________( )sleep ---__________( ) home---__________( )
C: 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词
east---__________( )west ---__________( )south---__________( ) north---__________( )
D: 名词后加“-al”变成形容词
person---__________( )education---__________( )
tradition---__________( ) medicine---__________( )
music ---__________( )
E: 名词后加“-ed”变成形容词
talent---___________( ) balance---___________( )
F:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词
friend---___________( ) love---___________( )
G: 名词后加“--ous”变成形容词
danger---___________( ) mystery---___________( )
H: 名词后加“-en”变成形容词
wool---___________( ) wood---___________( )
I: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化
energy---___________( ) athlete---___________( )
hunger---___________( ) pride---___________( )
death---___________( ) science---___________( )
knowledge---___________( ) anger---___________( )
Africa---___________( ) America---___________( )
Asia---___________( ) Australia---___________( )
Brazil---___________( ) Canada---___________( )
China---___________( ) England---___________( )
France---___________( ) India---___________( )
Italy---___________( ) Japan---___________( )
Russia---___________( ) Swede---___________( )
动词变名词
work---___________(工作者) sing---___________(歌手) teach---___________(教师) drive---___________(司机) write---___________(作家) dance---___________(舞蹈家)
win---___________(获胜者) run---___________(赛跑者) swim---___________(游
泳者)
act---___________(演员) collect---___________(收藏家) direct---___________(主管)
visit---___________(参观者) invent---___________(发明家) translate---
___________(翻译家)
educate---___________(教育) describe---___________(描述) predit---
___________(预言)
collect---___________(收藏) invent---___________(发明) build---___________(建
筑物)
mean---___________(意思) meet---___________(会议) cross---___________(路口) turn---___________(转弯处) decide---___________(决定) die---___________(死亡) fly---___________(飞行) know---___________(知识) please---___________(高兴)
pronounce---___________(发音) mix---___________(混合物)
please---___________(令人高兴的)---___________(感到高兴的)
surprise---___________(令人惊讶的的) ---___________(感到惊讶的)
excite---___________(令人兴奋的) ---___________(感到兴奋的)
interest---___________(令人感兴趣的)---___________( 感兴趣的)
worry---___________(令人担忧的) ---___________(感到担忧的)
amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等
形容词的变化。
A: 形容词变副词。
quick---____________( ) strong---____________( ) heavy---
____________( ) angry---____________( ) happy---____________( ) lucky---____________( ) healthy---____________( ) noisy---
____________( ) usual---____________( ) careful---____________( ) real---____________( ) successful---____________( ) terrible---
____________( ) possible---____________( )
B: 形容词变名词。
Kind---____________( )happy---____________( )
ill---____________( ) safe---____________( )
confident---____________( )important---____________( )
different---____________( )true---____________( )
high---____________( )。