失眠症英文版
关于睡眠_(About_sleeping)Presentation
4.How much time does it take to take a nap for you ?
A. Not a second B. Within 0.5 hour C .0.5-1 hour D. 1-1.5 hours E. Over 1.5 hours 12 19 11 1 0
Sleep deficiency affects many Americans: CDC
More and more American adults are suffering from a decline in overall sleep duration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Thursday. It's recommended that adults should sleep seven to nine hours a night to maintain good health, but more than one-third of Americans do not meet that requirement, according to the CDC.
A .Study B .Work C .Mental problems D. Noise and light E. Internet ,games F. Others 8 1 13 15 3 3
11.How much time are your actual sleep time and ideal sleep time differ？
医学英语
Insomnia Charles E. Henley失眠(卡劳尔·布赖宁)Insomnia is more than just being unable to fall asleep. It is a subjective condition of insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite an adequate opportunity to sleep. The Institute of Medicine and most current studies place the prevalence of insomnia at 30% to 40% in the general adult population. Although the need for sleep does not necessarily decrease with age, the incidence of sleep disturbances appears to increase with age, particularly among women. Actually, the elderly are more prone to sleep maintenance problems, whereas younger people tend to have trouble falling asleep.失眠并不仅仅是无法入睡。
失眠是在有足够睡眠机会时睡眠仍不充分或睡后精力无法恢复的一种主观病症。
美国医学研究院和现有的多数研究都认为，失眠在普通成人中的流行率为30%至40%。
虽然睡眠需要未必随年龄增长而减少，但睡眠障碍的发生率似乎是随年龄而增加的，特别是妇女。
事实上，老年人更容易在睡眠维持方面出问题，而年轻人则往往是难以入睡。
I. Approach. I. 诊断思路：Insomnia represents a symptom of an underlying problem and is not in itself a disease entity. Sleep and alertness are regulated by a complex interaction between the body's internal biologic clocks, the reticular activating system, and various influences such as light or anxiety that can interfere with the normal sleep cycles. The approach to diagnosis should recognize the potential for various causes and use history and special studies to determine the cause of the insomnia.失眠是某种潜在疾病的一种症状，失眠本身并不是一种病质。
睡眠障碍中西医诊断标准
睡眠障碍中西医诊断标准英文回答：Western Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Sleep Disorders.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the primary diagnostic tool used by clinicians to diagnose sleep disorders in Western medicine. The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for diagnosing various sleep disorders, including:Insomnia Disorder: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, waking up too early, or poor quality sleep that causes significant daytime impairment.Hypersomnolence Disorder: Excessive daytime sleepiness that interferes with daily activities, despite getting enough sleep at night.Narcolepsy Type 1: Irresistible daytime sleep attacks, often accompanied by cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions).Narcolepsy Type 2: Excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy.Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: Conditions characterized by abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA).Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Disturbances in the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, such as delayed sleep phase disorder (difficulty falling asleep at the desired time) and advanced sleep phase disorder (falling asleep and waking up earlier than desired).Parasomnias: Unusual behaviors or experiences that occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder (acting out dreams while asleep).Chinese Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Sleep Disorders.In Chinese medicine, sleep disorders are believed to result from imbalances in the body's qi, blood, yin, and yang. The diagnosis of sleep disorders in Chinese medicine typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of thepatient's symptoms, physical examination, and tongue and pulse diagnosis.Common patterns of imbalance in Chinese medicine diagnosis of sleep disorders:Qi Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, early morning awakening, and daytime fatigue.Yin Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, restless sleep, night sweats, and dry mouth.Yang Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty waking up,cold hands and feet, and daytime drowsiness.Blood Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, pale complexion, dizziness, and palpitations.Liver Qi Stagnation: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, vivid dreams, and irritability.Phlegm Accumulation: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, heavy breathing, and chest tightness.中文回答：西医睡眠障碍诊断标准。
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文## Insomnia: Definition and Classification ##。
Definition:Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep. It can significantly impact an individual's overall health, well-being, and functioning. Insomnia is typically diagnosed when it lasts for at least three months and causes substantial distress or impairment in daily life.Classification:Insomnia is classified into different types based on its underlying causes and characteristics:Primary Insomnia: This type of insomnia is not directly caused by any underlying medical or psychiatric condition. It is the most common form of insomnia.Secondary Insomnia: This type of insomnia is caused by an underlying medical or psychiatric condition, such as anxiety, depression, thyroid disorders, or chronic pain.Paradoxical Insomnia: This type of insomnia is characterized by a discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep. Individuals with paradoxical insomnia report severe sleep disturbance, but polysomnographic studies may show normal or near-normal sleep patterns.Comorbid Insomnia: This type of insomnia co-occurs with another primary sleep disorder, such as obstructive sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome.Transient Insomnia: This type of insomnia is short-lived and typically lasts for a few days or weeks. It can be caused by situational factors such as stress, travel, or a change in schedule.Chronic Insomnia: This type of insomnia is persistentand lasts for three months or longer. It can significantly disrupt an individual's ability to function during the day.Other Classifications:In addition to the primary classifications mentioned above, insomnia can also be classified based on its timing and duration:Early Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep.Middle Insomnia: Awakening during the night and having difficulty returning to sleep.Late Insomnia: Awakening too early in the morning and being unable to fall back asleep.Acute Insomnia: Short-term, lasting for a few days or weeks.Subacute Insomnia: Lasting for a few months.Chronic Insomnia: Lasting for three months or longer.Impact of Insomnia:Insomnia can have a significant impact on anindividual's overall health and well-being. It can lead to:Fatigue and daytime sleepiness.Impaired cognitive function and performance.Mood disturbances, such as irritability and difficulty concentrating.Increased risk of accidents and injuries.Physical health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Treatment:The treatment of insomnia depends on its underlyingcause and type. Treatment may include:Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)。
失眠症的定义和分类的作文
失眠症的定义和分类的作文英文回答：Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, which results in poor quality sleep and daytime impairment. Insomnia can be classified into three main categories: transient, acute, and chronic.Transient insomnia is the most common form and usually lasts for a few nights or weeks. It is often caused by temporary factors such as stress, jet lag, or changes in sleep schedule. For example, when I have an important exam coming up, I may experience transient insomnia due to the anxiety and pressure.Acute insomnia is a more severe form that lasts for several weeks or months. It is often a result of a specific event or situation, such as a traumatic experience or amajor life change. For instance, when I went through a breakup, I had trouble sleeping for a few months because of the emotional distress.Chronic insomnia is the most serious and long-lasting form, lasting for at least three nights a week for three months or more. It is often caused by underlying medical or psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or chronic pain. My friend, for example, suffers from chronic insomnia due to her ongoing battle with fibromyalgia.In addition to these categories, insomnia can also be categorized based on its primary cause. Primary insomnia refers to sleep problems that are not caused by any other medical or psychiatric condition. It is often related to behavioral or psychological factors, such as poor sleep habits or excessive worrying. For example, my cousin has primary insomnia because she constantly stays up late playing video games.On the other hand, secondary insomnia is caused by an underlying medical or psychiatric condition. It can be asymptom of conditions such as sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or depression. A friend of mine, for instance, developed secondary insomnia after being diagnosed with sleep apnea.In conclusion, insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, resulting in poor quality sleep and daytime impairment. It can be classified into transient, acute, and chronic categories based on the duration of symptoms, as well as primary and secondary categories based on the underlying cause. Understanding the different types of insomnia can help individuals seek appropriate treatment and improve their sleep quality.中文回答：失眠症是一种常见的睡眠障碍，影响着全球数百万人。
insomnia
Differentiation
• Dysfunction of the Stomach胃气
不和:: • Main Manifestations： Insomnia, suffocating feeling and distending pain in the epigastric region, poor appetite, difficult defecation, sticky tongue coating, rolling pulse.
• the stomach.处方
神门 四神聪 三阴交 安眠
• Additional Points Add Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu
(BL 20) for deficiency of the heart and spleen, Xinshu (BL 15), Taixi (KI 3), Zhaohai (KI 6) for disharmony between the heart and kidney, Xingjian (LR 2) for upward disturbance of the liver-fire, Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36) for dysfunction of the stomach.
------“失眠症”又叫“不寐”
A brief introduction of insomnia ,including the different translations , the related disease in modern medicine ,the diagnosis , the differentiations and the self-conditions methods of insomnia
看病时用的上的英语口语之患失眠症
看病时用的上的英语口语之患失眠症Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a common sleep disorder that affects millions of people around the world. Insomniacs find it difficult to fall asleep, wake up frequently during the night, or wake up too early in the morning. They often feel tired, irritable, and find it hard to concentrate during the day. If you are suffering from insomnia, here are some useful English phrases that you can use when talking to your doctor or healthcare provider.1. I'm having trouble sleeping.This is a simple and straightforward way to let your doctor know that you are having difficulty sleeping. It's a good opening statement that can lead to a more detailed discussion about your symptoms and potential treatment options.2. I'm having trouble falling asleep.If you find that you have trouble falling asleep at night, you can use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may ask you some follow-up questions to determine the cause of your insomnia and to recommend appropriate treatment.3. I wake up frequently during the night.If you wake up frequently during the night and have trouble falling back asleep, it can be useful to let your doctor know. This can help them narrow down potential causes and determine the best course of action for treatment.4. I can't stay asleep.If you find that you wake up during the night and have trouble staying asleep, this phrase can be helpful in describing your symptoms. Your doctor may ask you additional questions to determine the cause of your sleep disturbances.5. I wake up too early in the morning.If you find that you wake up too early in the morning and can't fall back asleep, use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may suggest changes to your sleep routine or medication to help you sleep longer.6. I'm feeling tired during the day.If you are experiencing daytime fatigue as a result of your sleep disturbances, use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes or medication to help improve the quality and duration of your sleep.7. I'm having trouble concentrating.Insomnia can often make it difficult to concentrate and focus during the day. If you are experiencing this symptom, let yourdoctor know so they can recommend treatment options to help improve your focus and attention.8. I'm feeling irritable.It's not uncommon for people with insomnia to feel irritable or moody during the day. If this is one of your symptoms, let your doctor know so they can recommend ways to reduce your stress and improve your mood.9. I've tried different things to help me sleep, but nothing has worked.If you have tried different strategies to improve your sleep, but nothing has worked, let your doctor know. They can recommend other options for treating your insomnia, such as medication or therapy.10. Can you recommend any treatments for insomnia?If you're unsure how to start the conversation about treatment options, ask your doctor if they can recommend any specific treatments for insomnia. This can help guide the discussion and ensure that you receive personalized care that is tailored to your needs.In conclusion, insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can have a significant impact on your daily life. Talking to your doctor or healthcare provider about your symptoms is the first step in getting the help you need to manage your condition and improve the quality of your sleep. By using these English phrases, you cancommunicate your symptoms effectively and open the door to potential treatment options for your insomnia.。
西医神经科、精神科术语英文翻译
西医神经科、精神科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医神经科术语英文翻译：1. 神经学：Neurology2. 神经系统：Nervous System3. 大脑：Brain4. 脊髓：Spinal Cord5. 神经元：Neuron6. 神经胶质细胞：Glial Cells7. 突触：Synapse8. 轴突：Axon9. 树突：Dendrites10. 髓鞘：Myelin Sheath11. 神经递质：Neurotransmitters12. 神经传导通路：Nerve Conduction Pathways13. 反射：Reflex14. 痛觉：Pain Sensation15. 感觉运动传导通路：Sensorimotor Pathways16. 自主神经系统：Autonomic Nervous System17. 中枢神经系统：Central Nervous System (CNS)18. 外周神经系统：Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)19. 神经肌肉接头：Neuromuscular Junction20. 癫痫：Epilepsy21. 帕金森病：Parkinson's Disease22. 多发性硬化症：Multiple Sclerosis (MS)23. 脑卒中：Stroke24. 脑外伤：Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)25. 脑瘤：Brain Tumors26. 脑炎：Brain Infections / Encephalitis27. 神经痛：Neuralgia28. 头痛：Headache29. 失眠：Insomnia30. 肌肉萎缩：Muscle Atrophy31. 肌无力：Muscle Weakness32. 神经根病：Radiculopathy33. 神经丛病变：Plexopathy34. 脊髓病变：Myelopathy35. 脑积水：Hydrocephalus36. 脊髓空洞症：Syringomyelia37. 脑电图（EEG）：Electroencephalogram (EEG)38. 肌电图（EMG）：Electromyogram (EMG)39. 经颅磁刺激（TMS）：Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)40. 正电子发射断层扫描（PET）：Positron Emission Tomography (PET)41. 功能磁共振成像（fMRI）：Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)42. 单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）：Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)43. 经颅多普勒超声（TCD）：Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD)44. 认知障碍：Cognitive Dysfunction45. 情绪障碍：Mood Disorders46. 神经退行性疾病：Neurodegenerative Diseases47. 中毒性脑病：Toxic Encephalopathy48. 脑死亡：Brain Death49. 昏迷：Coma50. 意识障碍：Disorders of Consciousness西医精神科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医精神科术语英文翻译：1. 焦虑症：Anxiety Disorders2. 抑郁症：Depression3. 精神分裂症：Schizophrenia4. 双相情感障碍：Bipolar Disorder5. 创伤后应激障碍：Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)6. 强迫症：Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)7. 失眠症：Insomnia8. 嗜睡症：Hypersomnia9. 睡眠障碍：Sleep Disorders10. 神经衰弱：Neurasthenia11. 精神发育迟滞：Mental Retardation12. 自闭症谱系障碍：Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)13. 注意缺陷多动障碍：Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)14. 抽动症：Tic Disorders15. 创伤性脑损伤：Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)16. 进食障碍：Eating Disorders17. 物质滥用：Substance Abuse18. 心理治疗：Psychotherapy19. 药物治疗：Pharmacotherapy20. 电休克疗法：Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)21. 支持性心理治疗：Supportive Psychotherapy22. 暴露疗法：Exposure Therapy23. 认知行为疗法：Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)24. 人际关系疗法：Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)25. 心理疏导：Psychological Counseling26. 精神科会诊：Psychiatric Consultation27. 心理评估：Psychological Evaluation28. 心理测验：Psychological Testing29. 精神卫生机构：Mental Health Facilities30. 心理健康促进活动：Mental Health Promotion Activities31. 精神疾病预防：Mental Illness Prevention32. 心理健康干预措施：Mental Health Intervention Measures33. 心理疏导热线：Psychological Counseling Hotline34. 心理健康服务：Mental Health Services35. 精神卫生保健工作者：Mental Health Care Workers36. 心理疾病患者支持团体：Support Groups for People with Mental Illnesses37. 精神卫生法：Mental Health Law38. 心理健康政策：Mental Health Policies39. 精神卫生运动：Mental Health Initiatives40. 心境障碍：Mood Disorders (MDs)。
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适于睡眠 -觉醒节律障碍如睡眠时相延迟综合症、睡眠时相 前移综合症、时差反应等。
（一）理想的催眠药物应具有以下特点： ?迅速诱导入睡，不妨碍自然睡眠结构 ?白天无残留作用，不影响记忆功能 ?无失眠反跳 ?无成瘾性 ?无呼吸抑制作用 ?不与酒精或其他药物发生作用
根据临床表现形式分类： 入睡困难型失眠 保持睡眠困难型失眠 早醒型失眠 根据病程分类： 暂时性失眠（小于一周） 短期性失眠 （一周至一个月） 长期性失眠 （大于一个月） 心理治疗 一般心理治疗。 行为治疗：放松训练、生物反馈 不治者却往往自愈
失眠症的治疗
失眠症治疗的目的是改善病人的生活质量。 任何减轻夜间压力、使精神放松的措施均有 助于改善失眠 ? 药物治疗 ? 非药物治疗： 1/3的失眠者只需调整生活 — 病因治疗 — 行为治疗
主要的失眠症类型
2、睡眠卫生习惯不良： ?各种可诱发入睡困难的日常生活行为习惯所致 ?表现为入睡困难、觉醒频繁、早醒 ?纠正不良睡眠卫生习惯可缓解失眠 ?早期可适当使用催眠药辅助治疗 3、主观性失眠： 5% ?指对睡眠状态感知不良 ?多主诉失眠，可有焦虑、抑郁症状 ?PSG 显示睡眠潜伏期、睡眠结构、维持时间均正常 ?目前无特殊治疗
什么是失眠症？
①有入睡困难、保持睡眠 障碍或睡眠后没有恢复感 ②至少每周 3次，并持续 至少1个月 ③睡眠障碍导致明显的不 适或影响了日常生活 ④没有神经系统疾病、使 用精神药物或其他药物等 因素导致失眠
失眠症的危害
1、长期失眠 -白天功能障碍（工作能力、认知功 能、精力下降） 2、还可增加患抑郁症的危险 3、促使高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、心脏病发作， 增加脑卒中的发病风险 4、还可导致糖耐量降低、使免疫力降低 5、增加医疗资源的消耗 6、增加意外的发生（世界某些大灾难）
失眠症的原因
1、慢性躯体疾病：如疼痛、心衰、慢性肺疾病、 关节炎、慢性肾衰、帕金森病、脑血管病、脑炎等。 2、原发性睡眠疾患：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、 周期性肢体运动和不安腿综合征等 3、药物及其他物质：酒精、尼古丁、咖啡因、儿 茶酚胺、甲状腺素、 β-阻滞剂、口服避孕药、皮质 类固醇等
失眠症的原因
?不在床上进行非睡眠活动，如看电视、阅读、 听收音机等； 尽量不要午睡 ?睡前放松、日间规律运动（下午）：30-40分钟
2、刺激控制训练 —— 稳定睡眠-觉醒节律，提高睡眠效率
?只在有睡意时上床 ?若在15～20分钟还未入睡，应离开卧室，有
睡意时再回到床上 ?只要需要便重复前 2步 ?早上定时起床 3、其他： ? 放松训练：减少觉醒
主要的失眠症类型
4、抑郁障碍相关性失眠： ?心境恶劣、动力缺乏突出 ?睡眠障碍以早醒最为常见 ?可伴躯体不适：疼痛、多汗、胃肠道症状等 ?失眠可随情感障碍的缓解而消失 5、焦虑障碍相关性失眠：睡困难为主 ?心理治疗、抗焦虑治疗有效
失眠症的分类
（四）药物种类 1、巴比妥类：1900年 ?曾是有效的催眠药，但其治疗安全范围较小； ?有明显耐药性及依赖性； ?有呼吸抑制作用及过量致死作用； ?目前只用于控制癫痫发作（鲁米那-苯巴比妥）
2、苯二氮卓类药物 1960年引入临床后，因其使用安全、起效快、耐受性良好等特点，
在很短的时间内取代了巴比妥类在失眠方面的治疗。目前，仍是使用最 广泛的催眠药。 ? 可缩短入睡时间、减少觉醒时间和次数、增加总睡眠时间，但改变睡 眠结构、缩短慢波睡眠 ? 副作用：精神运动损害、记忆障碍，滥用或长期使用可产生耐药性、 依赖性及反跳性失眠，短效药物最易出现；而长效药物则有抑制呼吸 作用与白日残留作用（宿醉等）
4、昼夜节律紊乱：睡眠时相延迟综合症、睡眠时相 前移综合 症、时差、夜班工作等 5、生理因素：睡眠环境变化、噪音、高温、强光等 6、心理因素：焦虑（入睡困难）、抑郁（早醒） 7、精神疾病：精神分裂症、反应性精神病等 8、行为因素：心理生理性失眠、不良的睡眠卫生
主要的失眠症类型
1、心理生理性失眠： 15%
3、新型非苯二氮卓类药物
20世纪80年代以来出现了选择性苯二氮卓类受体激动剂 —— 短效类催眠药
? Zolpiclone （佐匹克隆）：T1/2 5小时，ⅠⅡ受体 ? Zopidem （唑吡坦） ：T1/2 2.6小时， Ⅰ受体 ? Zaleplon （扎来普隆）：T1/2 1小时， Ⅰ受体 ? 催眠同时无抗焦虑、肌肉松弛和抗痉挛作用 ? 不影响健康人的生理睡眠结构，改善患者睡眠结构 ? 可缩短入睡潜伏期、减少夜间觉醒次数和时间、增加总的睡眠时间 ? 治疗剂量时不引起反跳性失眠 ? 经肝脏代谢，肾功能不全可不必调整剂量。 ? 唑吡坦和佐匹克隆对呼吸功能并无显著的抑制作用 ，但呼吸功能不全者应慎
?任何原因引起的情绪冲突诱发，青年期发病、女性多见 ?学得性阻睡联想：因对睡眠过分注意而不能入睡 ?躯体紧张：越接近睡眠时越焦虑，肌紧张、血管收缩 ?条件性唤醒：对卧室或睡眠相关行为 ?无意识入睡：看电视、阅读时却可轻松入睡 ?首夜颠倒效应：与睡眠正常者在陌生环境中首夜睡眠变 差的现象相反 ?治疗：良好睡眠卫生+光疗，
用；
? 褪黑素
? 褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种吲哚类激素，具有催眠、镇静、调节睡眠 -觉 醒周期等作用。
1、在病因治疗和认知行为疗法的基础上，首选 非苯二氮卓类药物。
2、按需服用 ?偶尔失眠最好不用药 ?上床后30分内未入睡时服药 ?次日有重要工作或事情时间断服药（2～4次/周），
短期使用（< 3～4周）。 ?两种催眠药物交替使用
非药物治疗
（一）病因治疗： ?改善不良情绪：学习工作压力大，生活遭遇变故等 ?治疗影响睡眠的疾病：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、慢性疼痛、抑 郁症 等等 ?避免服用引起兴奋的药、物质 儿茶酚胺、甲状腺素、咖啡 口服避孕药 ，茶、酒精、烟等
二）行为治疗方法 1、睡眠卫生教育——养成良好的睡眠习惯与规律 ?创造舒适的睡眠环境（温度、噪音、光线、床） ?避免睡前吸烟、饮酒、茶、咖啡等，少饮水