同济大学跨文化交流PPT culture and language
《跨文化交流》课件
积极参与跨文化交流可以建立更深入、 信任和有效的人际关例
探讨跨国企业在不同文化背景下 顺利合作并实现共赢。
失败案例
分析由于文化误解和沟通问题导 致的商业失败的案例。
从经验中学习
总结成功和失败案例的经验教训， 提出改进跨文化交流的建议。
结论
1 跨文化交流是不可避免的
每个文化都有独特的价值观和行为习惯，理解差异是成功跨文化交流的关键。
语言障碍
语言不仅是交流工具，也是文化的一部分。语言难度可能导致沟通障碍。
误解和偏见
文化差异和语言问题可能导致误解和偏见，影响交流的效果。
如何进行跨文化交流？
尊重他人文化
敬重他人文化是建立 积极跨文化交流的基 础。
了解文化差异
学习和了解不同文化 的价值观和行为准则， 帮助提高交流的效果。
在全球化时代，跨文化交流成为常态，我们 需要主动面对并适应。
2 积极、主动、尊重地进行跨文化交
流将带来更多机遇和好处
《跨文化交流》PPT课件
欢迎来到《跨文化交流》PPT课件！本课程将带你探索什么是跨文化交流，挑 战和方法，并展示其重要性和好处。
什么是跨文化交流？
1 定义
跨文化交流是在不同文化背景下进行有效沟通和相互理解的过程。
2 重要性
跨文化交流有助于打破文化壁垒，促进全球合作和理解。
跨文化交流的挑战
文化差异
重视语言学习
掌握对方语言，包括 基本短语和常用礼节 用语，有助于建立更 好的沟通。
培养跨文化沟通 技巧
学会适应不同的沟通 风格和方式，以及处 理文化差异和冲突的 技巧。
跨文化交流的好处
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促进个人和组织发展
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通过理解不同文化，个人和组织可以获
同济大学跨文化交流课文5 Culture and Language(Text A)
5. Culture and LanguageText ALanguage and Its Cultural InfluenceWe begin our preview of language by noting that it is impossible to separate our use of language from our culture. In its most basic sense, language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community of people. When we study another language, we soon discover that not only are the symbols (words) and sounds for those symbols different, but so are the rules (phonology, grammar, syntax, and intonation) for using those symbols and sounds.Word differences are obvious in various languages. In English, we live in a house. In Spanish, we live in a casa. In Thai, we live in a ban. Grammatical structures are unique to each language as well. In English, verb tenses express contrast between past, present, and future acts, but in Vietnamese, the same verb reflects all three and the time of the action is inferred from the context. Syntax, or the word order and structure of sentences, also varies depending on the language. The normal word order for simple sentences in Filipino is the reverse of the word order in English. For example, the English sentence “The teacher died” would be “Namatay ang guro” or “Died the teacher” in Filipino. In English, the subject is followed by a verb and then an object, but in Korean, the subject is followed by the object and then the verb. So in English we might say, “The cat ate the mouse,” but in Korean, “Cat mouse ate” would be correct.These examples indicate that if we want to communicate in another language, it is important for us to know not only the symbols (words) of that language, but also the rules for using those symbols. As you know, language is much more than a symbol and rule system that allows us to communicate with another person —language also shapes the process by which people become introduced to the order of the physical and social environment. Language, therefore, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.Language and its cultural influence are exemplified in the theoretical formulations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which in essence states that language is a guide to “social reality.” This hypothesis implies that language is not simply a means of reporting experience but, more important, it is a way of defining experience. Sapir wrote:Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society…The real world is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as presenting the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.Here is an excellent example of the Sapir-Whorf concept in practice:If my language has only one term —borther-in-law —that is applied to mysister’s husband, husband’s sisters’ husbands, I am led by my language to perceive all of these relatives in a similar way. V ocabulary, through what it groups together under one label and what it differentiates with different labels, is one way in which language shapes our perception of the world.Another instance of how language defines experience can be seen in the Navaho language, which emphasizes the nature and direction of movement. Rather than saying, “One dresses,” the Navaho would say, “One moves into clothing.” Instead of saying, “One is young,” the Navaho would say, “One moves about newly.” Language is one aspect of the Navaho culture that coincides with the notion of a universe in motion.Although complete acceptance of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis may be controversial, its application to culture and language is clear: language is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language. We have seen that culture influences language by way of symbols and rules as well as our perceptions of the universe. Equally important is the fact that meaning shifts from culture to culture.As children, most of us asked our parents, “What does that word mean?”This suggests that we tend to look for meaning in words themselves, but we are incorrect if we think that words possess meaning. It is more accurate to say that people possess meaning and that words elicit these meanings. We can have different meanings for the same word. For instance, to one person, the word grass might mean something in front of the house that is green, has to be watered, and must be mowed once a week; to another person, grass may mean something that is rolled in paper and smoked. All people, drawing on their backgrounds, decide what a word means. People have similar meanings only to the extent that they have had or can anticipate similar experience.Culture teaches us both the symbol and what the symbol represents. When you are communicating with someone from your own culture, the process of using words to represent your experiences is much easier because within a culture people share many similar experiences. But when communication is between people from distinct cultures, different experiences are involved and the process is more troublesome. Objects, events, experiences, and feelings have the labels or names they do because a community of people arbitrarily decided to so name them. If we extend this notion to the intercultural setting, we can see that diverse cultures can have both different symbols and different responses.。
跨文化交际 第二课PPT课件
第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
后来“文化”一词被日语借入，到近代作为英 语culture的对译词。再后来“文化”作为日语借词 又被现代汉语吸收，于是“文化”就同英语的 culture有了直接的词源关系，并衍生出“文明”、 “教育”等含义。
什么是文化？
文化离不开 人，是某一 群体的生活 方式。
“由人们为了使自己的活动方式被社会的其他成员所接受、所 必须知晓和相信的一切组成。作为人们不得不学习的一种有别 于生物遗传的东西，文化必须由学习的终端产品‘知识’组 成”。民族内部的规范
本尼迪克特（Benedict）认为，文化是“通过某个民族
的活动而表现出来的一种思维和行为方式，一种使这个民族不 同于其他任何民族的方式”。民族之间的差异
第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
3.观念的整合性 整个民族文化有一个或少数几个由价值选择结果为出
发点的“文化内核”，这样的文化内核就像遗传因子一 样无所不在地渗入该民族的所有文化细胞之中，发挥着 整合文化的潜在作用，从而使整个文化产生一种保守性、 内聚性、排异性和对外来文化要素的同化力。文化的整 合性是一种文化得以自我完善和形成独特面貌的动力。
亚文化：指不同地区、不同民族、不同职业、不同社会团体、不同文 化层次，甚至不同年龄段的人群特有的文化特征。亚文化既有主导文 化的基本共性，又有自己的独特个性。这些亚文化个性表现在生活习 性、言谈举止、行为方式、交际规则，甚至思维方式等各方面。
第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
（二）文化的特征
说服派更适合解释宏观上大众传播的形式，而共享 派更符合人际传播的形式。
二、交流的类型及模式 交流通常可以分为大众传播、组织交流和人际交流三个层次
跨文化交际(UNIT-5)PPT课件
a reputable German distributor. They may have found
it difficult to trust such a young person.
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Supplement: Verbal Communication
Verbal communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.
have different ideas and they tend to consider telling
jokes inappropriate in talks on serious matters. And in
German culture, executives who occupy important
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Supplement: Verbal Communication
4. Personal and Contextual Style
▪ The personal communication style emphasizes the individual identity of the speaker.
2. Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement Verbal Styles
Compare the following ways to serve tea: ▪ Japanese: This is not very delicious, but … ▪ American: This is the best I can offer.
跨文化交际第二PPT课件
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文化定势的特征
首先，定势和归类有一定的联 系，是过分简单化的归类。 其次，定势有不可避免性 再者，定势具有稳定性和延续 性。
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
4、亚文化
在文化学研究领域，通常把文化分为主流文化和亚文化。 也就是说，文化的概念具有层次性，一种整体文化中往往包含 了各种不同的次范畴“变体”，形成某种文化圈内的亚文化圈。
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
后来“文化”一词被日语借入，到近代作为英 语culture的对译词。再后来“文化”作为日语借词 又被现代汉语吸收，于是“文化”就同英语的 culture有了直接的词源关系，并衍生出“文明”、 “教育”等含义。
4
什么是文化？
文化离不开 人，是某一 群体的生活 方式。
第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
一 关于文化的概念 二 关于交际的概念 三 关于语言的概念
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
一 关于文化的概念
（一）文化的定义
1.中西文化探源
“文化”的概念古已有之，指与“武力”相对的文德教化。
圣人之治天下也，先文德而后武力。凡武之兴，为不服也；文化不
第一节 文化、交际和语言
在文化学或文化人类学中，“文化”一词通常指人
类社会区别于其他动物的全部活动方式以及活动的产品。
就这一概念的核心内涵而言，它的意义是明确的。然而
专家们给“文化”所下的定义可以说各有千秋。在众多
的关于文化的定义中，文化人类学家泰勒（Tylor）和马
林诺夫斯基（Malinowski）的定义比较受人推崇。前者
跨文化Lecture-1-跨文化PPT课件
we would invite many people “the more the better” If the host respect you ,he will give you a seat, where you are facing the door.
The host will prepare all the
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Classroom activity 2
Read the passage Intercultural Communication and Understanding Westerners and try to answer the following questions. 1. How can we communicate effectively with Westerners? 2. What is the purpose of this textbook?
A. Don’t say so.
B. Never mind.
C. Don’t worry.
D. That’s all right.
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Question 3
What are the major barriers in intercultural communication?
▪ Language difference. ▪ Nonverbal communication: gestures,
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Differences between Individualism and Collectivism
Individualism
Collectivism
relationship with others
loosely linked, independent
大学英语跨文化交流第一章ppt课件
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4. Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective
“Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.”
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3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In
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“Out of water” = Out of Context
As a schooled fish… “Water” is my culture Other Waters or Air are
3. Summarize the process of the formation of cultural identity.
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Chapter Outline
Culture
The Nature of Definitions Characteristics Cultural
Culture
How can we recognize it i精n选opptth课e件r2s02?1
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Can you tell which of the following are above the water and which are below?
What and how people eat How to keep healthy How to raise children How to do business How to use time How to introduce people How to participate in ceremonies Rules for gestures Rules for facial expressions and eye contact Etiquette Work speed What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or
《跨文化沟通》PPT课件
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对于文化的传承，有一种权威性的观点说
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第三张卡片：讨论一下文化的种类
内隐文化, 外显文化， 企业文化， 校园文化， 地域文化， ………
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郝夫斯特(Hofstede，荷兰管理学者 。1980 ，1991)将文化比喻成人的“心理程序 ”(mentalprograms)，并指出文化会影响人 们关注什么、如何行动以及如何判断人和 事物。
与此相似，文化也被其他学者定义为“人 为创造的、被他人认可的观念，它给人们 提供聚合、思考自身和面对外部世界的有 意义的环境，并由上一代传递给下一代” 。
跨文化沟通
Intercultural Communication
文化？
第一张卡片：大家谈
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美国大使骆家辉“拎包入驻”中国 不愿意乘坐大使专车
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骆家辉来了，拖家带口，拎着大包小包。 2011年8月12日晚，这位美国华盛顿州前州长、联
美国的累进税、遗产税，都起到了遏制人们贪心的作 用。美国的法律一直管到了人的私心里。
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中国人的概念：恨不能把孙子的房子都准 备好。
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我们 来给“文化”下一个定义
定义难下！
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(not directly)Dr. XXX
3.In formal situation
先生 女士 老师
BACK
Colors
Chinese Regard “Red” as “Happiness” For example : chinese traditional paper-cut 喜喜 Westerners Associate Red with blood and death
In English society
Hi Hello
(expressions with apology)I am afraid I must be off , I have to …
BACK
Addresses
Both English and Chinese people have two kinds of personal names --- a family name and a given name . But the order and the use of these names in the two languages are somewhat different.
Cultural Differences in Communication
1 2
3 4
Greeting Addresses Creeting
Greeting is important part in daily life . The purpose of greeting is to establish or keep the social contact. But because of cultural differences between Chinese and English , the manner of greeting and parting are different .
Difference
For example : a red
battle means a bloody battle
Red
Numbers(In China)
Chinese people are sensitive and particular about something connected with number . Such as choosing the number of lucky day , telephone number , license number for 8 6 or 9 which are considered lucky numbers.
Numbers(In western society)
13 They avoid 13 in particular , The number viewed as taboo , and has the saying of “ Black Friday” Black Friday
Presentation
Culture And Language
-------Differences between China and English society
周子恬 101059 CE 12
Introduction
Language is closely related to culture .Language express and embodies cultural reality . If we are in different countries ,we must know their cultures . Thus , we can use the language freely.
Greeting
Where are you going to do ? Have you eaten yet?
Parting
(short and quickly) You are busy , so I will be off and don’t interfere with you
In China
China
English society At the end.
(directly)use name instead of Dr. XXX Mister Misses Miss Dr.
1 . Put their family name
2.The elder’s name
In the first place .
888 666 999 A kind of “ lucky and good wishes ”
8
8 is the homophonic with “发”
6
BACK
六六大顺
satisfactory and gratification 4 4 is the homophonic of “death” How about the westerners ?
耶稣基督死在星期五，
而13是不吉利的数字。 两者的结合令人相信当 天会发生不幸的事情。 星期五和数字13都代表 着坏运气，两个不幸的 个体最后结合成超级不 幸的一天。所以，不管 哪个月的十三日又恰逢 星期五就叫“黑色星期 五”。
Conclusion
In a word , both the Chinese cultures and the western cultures have many things of their own. Text A foreign language learner should set up a right attitude toward different culture . Text For example , to be open-minded to them . Prejudice should be avoided. Text Only when we know the difference of culture between Chinese and western , can we use the language more properly and naturally to communicate with the foreigners.