十大托福听力必备材料之电影艺术
艺术方面的托福听力词汇
艺术方面的托福听力词汇艺术方面的托福听力词汇艺术作品是艺术家审美理想的结晶，是美的创造的结果。
它不仅以情动人，更以美感人，使人得到一种精神上的愉悦享受。
下面是店铺整理的艺术相关的托福听力词汇，希望能帮到大家!fine art 美的艺术, 精细工艺drama n. 剧本,戏剧,戏剧性情节,刺激film n. 电影, 胶卷, 薄膜 vt. 把...拍成电影, 给...覆上一薄层 vi. 从事电影拍摄song n. 歌曲, 歌唱艺术, 诗歌brush n. 刷子,画笔,轻擦,小冲突, 灌木丛 vt. 用刷子清洗,画,拭去,打发 vi. 轻擦,拂拭romance n. 冒险故事, 浪漫史, 传奇文学camera n. 摄像机,照相机Rome n. 罗马(意大利首都)Egypt n. 埃及character n. 个性, 品质; 字符; 人物; 名誉; 地位dimension n. 尺寸, 次元, 容积, 维度 n. 范围; 方面 vt. 标尺寸; 形成...尺寸dramatic adj. 戏剧性的,引人注目的',给人深刻印象的drawing n. 图画,绘图技巧,素描fiction n. 小说,虚构knight n. 骑士,爵士,武士 vt. 授以爵位manual adj. 手工的,体力的 n. 手册,指南,键盘material n. 材料, 原料, 物质; n. 素材, 题材, 资料 adj. 物质的, 实体的; 身体上的, 肉体的 adj. 重要的, 关键的opera n. 歌剧 n. 挪威Opera软件公司的浏览器软件plot n. 阴谋, 情节，图, (小块)土地， v. 绘图, 密谋, 计划，标示位置poem n. 诗poetry n. 诗歌primitive adj. 原始的 n. 原始人,文艺复兴前的艺术家printing n. 印刷, 印刷术动词print的现在分词music n. 音乐,伴奏,美妙的声音choreography n. 舞蹈, 舞蹈编排documentary adj. 文献的 n. 纪录片abstract art n.抽象派,抽象主义realism n. 写实主义, 现实主义realistic adj. 现实的, 现实主义的Impressionism n. 印象派，印象主义impressionist n. 印象主义者，印象派作家 adj. 印象派的cubism n. 立体主义Picasso n.毕加索classical adj. 古典的, 典雅的, 经典的genre n. 类型,流派art form 艺术形式gallery n. 美术馆, 画廊, 顶层楼座, 狭长的房间exhibit n. 展览品,展览,物证 vt. 展览，展现，显出(感情或品质),提出证据 vi. 展览exhibition n. 展览,展览会salon n. 客厅，沙龙，美术展览馆。
托福听力资料：艺术类高频话题
托福听力资料：艺术类高频话题众所周知，托福听力文章里有不少艺术类的文章，涉及到多个方面，比如绘画类、音乐类、雕塑类，等等。
下面文都国际小编就为考生汇总托福听力艺术类高频话题，希望能方便大家备考。
绘画绘画是托福听力艺术类文章中占比比较高的话题，这类文章一般从绘画艺术家的生平，作品，生活背景对作品的影响等进行展开，考生可以通过以下两篇文章进行体会。
TPO1 lecture 1主要内容是艺术家的作品是意象派和现实主义的结合，就这位艺术家的具体作品具体进行分析这个艺术家是如何把意象派和现实主义是如何结合在一起的。
TPO8 lecture 2这篇文章主要讲在巴黎女性成为艺术家的机会增加了。
女性可以在巴黎学到技巧并且得到指导。
建筑在托福听力建筑类的文章中，一般会涉及美国建筑的风格，特点和设计需要考虑的因素，考生在听文章的时候要注意这些细节，真题中涉及的建筑类文章如下，TPO11 lecture 2美国居民建筑的风格。
一种非常典型的居民住宅形式就是科德角式住宅，这种住宅方式的设计与当地的气候有关，内部设计与温度有关，外部设计与当地的风向有关以及一些与气候无关的因素。
TPO13 lecture 1步行街成功的因素。
步行街设计的宗旨是让人们在里面步行着购物，它的选址和设计很重要。
音乐在音乐类的文章中值得一提的是有几种重要的乐器，尤其是钢琴和小提琴，因为这两种乐器既是主流，也往往和听力中常见的音乐形式紧密相连，要想做好音乐主题的托福讲座，并不需要每一位学生都能欣赏音乐，做到基本的了解即可。
考生可以利用以下文章进行音乐类文章进行练习：TPO12 lecture 3歌剧的历史以及对欧洲的影响。
歌剧表演地方的变化，使其主题也跟着发生变化，以及他们的多样的风格。
TPO16 lecture 2讲座主要内容是关于乐器的历史。
钢琴的发明，对于作曲家和演奏家的音乐表现都是一个转折点。
TPO25 lecture 2 Bella Bartok的人生经历以及他的音乐作品的形成;最开始的时候，教授就说了学生们对Bella Bartok 的忽略，紧接着又说Bella Bartok 是具有开拓性奇妙的作曲家。
托福听力背景知识之艺术篇
托福听力背景知识之艺术篇托福考试除了需要有扎实的听力基础外，对各种话题背景的了解也非常重要。
虽然考试并不考察考生对背景知识的了解程度，但有这方面的基础必定能帮助理解文章，进而解题，因此平时广泛涉猎各类知识是非常有必要的。
艺术是考试中常见的话题，可以分为绘画、音乐、文学、摄影、舞蹈等方面，有几个词在这类话题中经常出现。
考试大论坛★ Medieval Time/Middle Ages 中世纪中世纪也被称为欧洲历史上的“黑暗时代”，时间大概从公元五世纪到十五世纪末。
提醒各位考生，对于考试来说并不需要刻意去记忆这些时间，只需对这些词有印象，有大概的了解来帮助理解就行了。
当然有兴趣的话也可以仔细研究一番，这些知识对于了解西方文化也是很有帮助的。
中世纪处于文艺复兴运动前，当时欧洲封建割据，战争频繁，各方面发展缓慢，甚至停滞。
教会统治严格，宗教控制了教育文化，思想传播，还设立了宗教裁判所来惩罚异端。
不少科学家都在这个时期被迫害致死。
后来的人文主义者便把这段古典文化发展的停滞期称为“黑暗的中世纪”。
但随着考古学的发展，这种对中世纪一味否定的态度已有所改变。
★ Renaissance 文艺复兴相信这个知识点考生们都在高中历史课中学到过，因此更容易理解。
发生于13世纪末的文艺复兴运动被认为是欧洲封建主义和资本主义的分界，意大利是该运动的发源地，到了16世纪已盛行于西欧各地。
在这段时间里，欧洲在科学技术、经济文化等各方面都发生了极大的改变。
文艺复兴运动崇尚人文主义，充分肯定人的作用。
用标准的高中课本语言说就是肯定人，注重人性，要求把人、人性从宗教束缚中解放出来，对解放人们思想，发展文化、科学，起了巨大历史作用。
文艺复兴运动中出现了文学三杰和美术三杰。
文学三杰分别是但丁（Alighieri Dante），皮特拉克（Petrarch）和薄伽丘（Giovanni Boccàccio）。
朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生可以对美术三杰多加关注：达芬奇（Leonardo Da Vinci），文艺复兴时期最负盛名的美术家、雕塑家、建筑家、工程师、科学家、文艺理论家、大哲学家、诗人、音乐家、和发明家。
托福听力十大必背段子(一)
托福听力十大必背段子（一）1. 000139 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we’re discussing music from a Bro adway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it’s based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean musi c preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of p opular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that de veloped outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another’s cultures. And this production’s director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, an d harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music l ike rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one o n the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of su mmarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we’ve been studying. Now the African inf luence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Afr ica. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we’ll get back to the African influence later. First let’s turn to the mu sic that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region2. 000143 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philoso phers were able to put forward two good arguments proving t hat it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies werethe basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between th e sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipse s, the earth’s shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was sph erical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow duri ng eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be str etched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was bas ed on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They notice d that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the s ky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that’s the plural of the world stadium. Today, it’s not known exactly what length one stadium repre sents, but let’s say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek’s esti mate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good est imate for those writing so long before even the first teles cope was invented.。
听力背景知识-电影史
听力背景知识:电影史听力背景知识：电影史看电影对于很多人来说是一种休闲娱乐的方式，但是有多少人在看电影的时候会去思考电影是如何一步步发展的呢？在托福听力考试的广泛话题中，一直有与电影相关的话题。
以下* *将针对大多数候选人对该主题进行一般性介绍：历史电影的发展和摄影技术的发展有着非常密切的关系。
摄影的发展在之前的文章中已经有所涉及，在此不再赘述。
1878年，当人们掌握了抓拍图像的技术后，据说有两个朋友为了打赌一匹马在奔跑时四蹄是否会全部离开地面，邀请了一位摄影师为它拍照。
结果不仅证明了马在跑的时候确实离地了，还让人们发现，只要把这些连续的画面快速翻过来，马似乎真的在跑，于是早期的“电影”就出现了。
这项技术一次只能一个人观看，不能项目化。
20世纪80年代，投影技术的发明使剪辑成为大规模观看电影的可能，但当时的电影只是一些简单的动作，没有剪辑故事。
直到19世纪末，电影还处于无声电影时代。
20世纪初，剧院老板会要求管弦乐队或音乐人根据电影情节谱曲，人们逐渐开始追求有声电影。
到了20世纪20年代，第一部有声电影终于出现了，但它的配音只是在电影的一部分，并没有贯穿始终。
随着有声电影的发展和成熟，人们开始重新追求电影的色彩。
二战后，彩色电影越来越多，而黑白电影直到上世纪60年代才慢慢被人们抛弃。
随着电视的发明，人们对电影的热情下降，迫使电影发展到更高的水平。
越来越多不同风格的电影相继出现，新浪潮运动也接连发生。
专业电影学院的出现让电影人得到了更好的教育和实践，20世纪末到21世纪初数字技术的发展将电影产业带到了一个新的高度。
皮埃尔兄弟和爱迪生可以说，伟大的发明家托马斯阿尔瓦爱迪生和法国兄弟琉米爱尔是电影发展的鼻祖。
准确地说，爱迪生本人并没有直接发明这部电影。
当时，他聘请了一位年轻的苏格兰人为他研究电影放映系统，并取得了成功。
1888年，爱迪生发明留声机后，他把注意力转向了电影。
他的实验结果是动态摄影和录像(录像：一种在照明下通过窥视孔放大幻灯片的装置)。
托福听力必备背景知识集锦
托福听力必备背景知识集锦（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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【托福入门基础】tpo听力高频词汇——艺术讲座学科词汇
【托福入门基础】TPO听力高频词汇——艺术讲座学科词汇在托福听力备考的过程中，TPO材料往往是大家的首选。
而想要完全利用好这些材料，最为重要的就是要从点点滴滴的词汇和句型入手进行分类和整理。
那么，在以下内容中我们就为大家带来TPO听力高频词汇系列内容，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
艺术讲座学科词汇：Art 艺术：film [film] n.=movie [?mu:vi] n.=motion picture [?m?u??n][?pikt??]n.电影theater [?θi?t?]n. =cinema [?sinim?] n.电影院standard [?st?nd?d] n.标准hybrid[?haibrid]n.混合;混血pioneer [?pai??ni?]n.先驱innovator [ˋ?n??ve?t?(r)] n.改革者characteristic [?k?rikt??ristik] n.特征，特质narration [n??rei??n] n.叙事，讲述audience [??:di?ns]n.观众，听众，读者portray [p?:?trei] vt.描绘，扮演photography [f??t?gr?fi] n.摄影high-tech [ha??tek] n.高科技equipment[i?kwipm?nt] n.设备documentary [?d?kju?ment?ri]n.纪录片documentarist[?d?kj?ˋment?r?st] n.纪录片导演female/male student [?fi:meil] / [meil] [?stju:d?nt] n.女/男学生art academy [ɑ:t] [??k?d?mi] n.艺术学院editorial [?edi?t?:ri?l] n. 社论facial [?fei??l] adj. 面部的，表面的literacy [?lit?r?si] n. 读写能力;精通文学sarcastic [sɑ:?k?stik, sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的neoclassical [?ni??ukl?sik?l] adj. 新古典主义的renowned[ri?naund] adj. 著名的legend [?led??nd] n. 传说knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士chivalry [??iv?lri] n.侠气，骑士精神troubadour [?tru?b?du?] n.行吟诗人studio[?stju:di?u] n.工作室;画室toeshoe [ˋt???u?] n.芭蕾舞鞋religion [ri?lid??n] n. 宗教;宗教信仰Christian Church: [?krist??n] [t??:t?] n.基督教教会clergy [?kl?:d?i] n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣mythology [mi?θ?l?d?i] n.神话;神话学;神话集prayer book [?pre?] [buk] n.祈祷书monastery [?m?n?stri] n.修道院;僧侣Proto-Indo-European: [pr??.t??-] [??nd??] [ju?r??pi:?n]n.原始印欧语Dadaism. [?dɑ?d?iz?m] n. 达达派，达达主义authentic [?:?θentik] adj.真正的，真实的;可信的printing press [?printi?] [pres] n.印刷机accessible [?k?ses?b?l] adj. 易接近的;可进入的;可理解的rank [r??k]v.分等级salon [s??l?n] n.沙龙，美术展览馆exhibition [eksi?bi?(?)n] n.展览(会)make a name [meik] [?] [?neim]v.出名，成名stereotype: [?steri?taip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为allegory [??liɡ?ri] n. 寓言painting=work [?peinti?] [w?:k] n.绘画作品masterpiece [?m?st?pi:s] n.杰作contemporary art [k?n?temp?r?ri] [ɑ:t] n.当代艺术gallery [?g?l?ri] n.画廊realistic [ri??listik] n.形式主义的realism [?ri?liz?m] n 现实主义impressionism [?m?pre??n?z(?)m] n.印象主义brushstroke [br??] [str?uk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [?tekst??] n.质地，纹理canvas [?k?nv?s]n.画布，帆布nature scene [?neit??] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [?l?ndskeip] n.风景posture [?p?st??] n.姿势cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画Europe [?ju?r?p] n.欧洲Britain [?brit?n]n.英国Italy [?it?li] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [r?um] n. 罗马Greek [gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [?i:d?ipt] n.埃及France [?fr?ns] n.法国Germany [?d??:m?ni] n.德国Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[?t?:ki] n.土耳其(Turkish)Netherlands[ ? ne? ? l ? ndz] =Holland [ ? h ? l ? nd] n. 荷兰(Dutch荷兰人) Canada [?k?n?d?] n.加拿大(Canadian [k??neidi?n] n.加拿大人)Romania [r?u’meinj?] n. 罗马尼亚(欧洲巴尔干半岛东北部国家)Hungarian [h??’ɡε?ri?n] adj. 匈牙利的;匈牙利语的n. 匈牙利人;匈牙利语Arabic [‘?r?bik] adj. 阿拉伯的;阿拉伯人的 n. 阿拉伯语。
托福听力十大必背模板
托福听力十大必背模板托福听力的题材有一定的重复性，只要掌握好一篇典型的，就可以以此类推听好一大类题材。
本文从文科、理科、生活三个方面分类，整理收集了经典的听力题材。
考生可以反复阅读背诵，对口语考试亦有帮助。
1. 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it's based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another's cultures. And this production's director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we've been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence later. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region2. 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if theearth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that's the plural of the world stadium. Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.3. 文科段子：文学名着Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England's states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.4. 生活段子：噪音影响I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leadingcause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a list of damaging noises5. 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.6. 文科段子：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, hesaid, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn't last long and the slave owners would be put down forever, but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.7. 文科段子：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.8. 理科段子：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line.Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it's new this semester. It's only open to psychology majors. But I bet it'll catch on else where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is it?It's an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don't you ever have to meet with professor?Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we'll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That's why they came up with the program.Look, I'll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.The only thing is: doesn't it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that's why phone contact's important. Any way, it's an experiment.Maybe I'll end up hating it.Maybe. But I'll be curious to see how it works up.9. 生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade's National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You'll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don't worry. There's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so bothersome, but you'll soon want to use an insect repellent.10. 理科段子：地理冒险Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary's pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary's claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th' 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary's claim was surrounded by controversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary's polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary's claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK, today we're going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.。
托福听力场景分析之艺术场景
托福听力场景分析之艺术场景生物类话题和艺术类话题是托福听力中必考的两大类。
而生物类可以说是整场托福考试中最大的学科场景。
而艺术类话题并非如此，它只是听力的第二大必考场景，在其他三个科目当中，却不怎么常见。
本篇托福培训，文都国际教育小编就为大家分析托福听力场景之艺术场景。
一、艺术场景细分艺术类场景的细分就比较复杂了。
首先，艺术类可以简单分为：艺术家及艺术形式，艺术史(art history)，艺术理论，艺术保护(art conservation)这四个话题。
其中，艺术形式涉及的内容就更多了，按目前TPO里的讲座来看，具体的艺术形式可以有：电影、歌剧、诗歌、散文、话剧、建筑、雕塑、绘画、音乐及乐器、舞蹈等。
这个话题主要是说艺术家及其风格特色;艺术史着重的是与艺术有关的人或事情的发展，历史价值;艺术理论比较抽象，我们可以这么理解，如果艺术家和艺术形式是在讲具体的画，画中的景，景用的颜色等，那么艺术理论就是在说，颜色要怎么调，景色要怎么选…;艺术保护类的文章，顾名思义，不仅说具体的艺术品，还会讨论如何保护不会损坏，如何修复。
二、艺术场景难度分析艺术场景难度起伏比较大，有的时候会比较简单，有的时候也是噩梦。
Ø词汇难度首先，从场景词汇的角度去说，由于具体的场景可以有非常多的细分，因此，艺术类场景的词汇非常繁杂。
比如，绘画这个场景中常出现的词汇有：brush画笔;canvas帆布、画布;sketch 素描、描绘;figure 人物;gallery 画廊;pigment 颜料……文学类的文章中常出现的词汇有：chapter 章节;biography 传纪;fiction 小说;character 人物;tale 故事;plot 情节……电影类的文章中常出现的词汇有：edit 编辑;science fiction 科幻;costume 戏服;Narration 旁白……简单以上面三个具体话题为例，我们发现，不同的场景里最常出现的词汇都不太一样，因为这些具体的艺术类型本身区别也比较大。
托福听力十大必背模板5
托福听力十大必背模板55. 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology， we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar， we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture，The Jazz Singer， released in 1927. The next week， we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933， a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you， like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane，or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However，I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course，we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.。
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十大托福听力必备材料之电影艺术
电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts． Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology， we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United
States． You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium． That's our lab． Then during our Wednesday seminar， we'll discuss
in depth the movie we saw the night before． We are not covering silent films in this course． We will begin with the first talking motion picture， The Jazz Singer， released in 1927． The next week， we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933， a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression． Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you， like Frank Capra's Why We Fight． Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane，or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love． However， I hope you see even familiar film with new eye． In the last three weeks of the course， we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique． We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.。