常见基础动词词义辨析

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动词分类知识点

动词分类知识点

动词的分类、动词&动词词组词义辨析1.动词的分类动词分为:实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1.1实义动词,又叫行为动词,可以独立作谓语,按其句法功能分为及物动词和不及物动词,按持续性分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

1.1.1 及物动词:本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才可以使句意完整。

句式:动词+宾语:I like this book very much.动词+宾语+宾补You make me happy. (make it easy, find it hard…)动词+双宾语Please pass me that book.常见双宾语动词:(give,bring,buy, get, leave, lend, offer, pass, teach,tell……)1.1.2不及物动词:本身意思完整,不必接宾语。

I swim. (come,go……)不及物动词如果后边要接宾语的话,要加介词。

Let’s go to school.需要注意的是:有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。

We study English.We study hard.1.2系动词常见系动词:be, become, get, look, seem, turn, sound, smell, taste,feel,keep.You seem very friendly.(系动词本身有词义,但是不能单独做谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构)1.3助动词助动词本身无意义或者意义不完整,不能单独做谓语,和其他动词连用,帮助其构成时态,语态,否定句和疑问句。

1.3.1助动词be+doing,构成现在进行时。

I am reading.1.3.2助动词be+done,表示__________.e.g.一般现在时,一般将来时和一般过去时的被动语态各写一句。

1.3.3 have/has+过去分词形式,构成__________.我们已经学了七年英语了。

动词词义辨析

动词词义辨析

语法复习八:动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

(一)易混动词2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear 用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。

如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。

动词类词义辨析

动词类词义辨析

动词类:1“看”look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见see a film watch TV2“说”telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流Say sth诉说的内容speak in English说的语言whisper sth to sb 耳语Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事Bargain讨价还价chat聊天repeat重复explain解释warn警告remind提醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论figure 指出declare宣布claim自称mention 提起admit 承认deny 否绝describe描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨3“叫”cry哭叫call叫shout大喊scream尖叫moan呻吟sigh叹气quarrel大吵4“问”ask 询问interview 采访express表达question审问5“答”answer回答respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复6 “听”listen to听的动作hear听的结果pick up收听overhear无意听到7“写”dictate听写write sth 写describe描写drop a line 写信draw画take down/write down写下,记下8“拿/放”take拿走bring拿来hold举着carry扛,挑(无方向性)fetch拿来拿去lift举Put放lay 铺/放置pull拉/push推9“抓”take hold of 抓着seize紧抓grasp 握住scratch 抠10“打”hit一次性的打击beat不间断的打击strike突然的击打/突然想到blow吹刮attack攻击11“扔”throw扔drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇12“送”send寄送deliver递送give给offer 主动给予see off给某人送行13“摸/抱”touch摸/fold折叠/embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握in one’s arms14“踢/碰”kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲15“行”walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳slip溜come/go enter进入move搬迁drive开车ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进16“坐”sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站,耸立/ lean斜靠17“睡/休息”lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap打盹be asleep bend turn over翻身rest18“笑”smile 微笑(不出声)laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing19“哭”cry shed tears 留泪weep呜咽地哭sob抽泣burst into tears /burst out crying20“找/查”find找到look for正在找过程find out查明discover/explore 发现/探索hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of寻找Search sb 搜身search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地Check检查,核实examine 考察发现问题/体检test检测,检验inspect视察21“穿”put on 动作wear穿戴have on试穿be dressed in 穿的状态make-up化装get changed换衣服be in red Take off 脱remove 去除22“吃/喝”eat/drink sip吮吸have a meal have supper toast tastetreat sb to请某人吃help oneself to 随便吃23“得”get obtain acquire获得知识和技能gain possess24“失”lose 丢了be lost /be missing人错过失踪,不见gone不见(物)great loss die die off相继死去die away 逐渐消失25“有”have 有own是自己的conquer征服occupy占有=possess26“无”nothing left the remaining thing disappear be missing /gone27“增/减”rise / go up /drop人主动抬价raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease28“买/卖”buy purchase afford pay pay off pay for sell on sale bargainBill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive live show turn upDisappear die die out pass away be out of sight30“变化”develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without(negative adj.)turn + colour change /change into reform31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize understand remember be familiar with recall recite apply to32“成功/失败”make it succeed make progress come true realize one’s dream win lose fail to do failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth. Into reality 33“努力”try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do34祝贺congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝get together 聚会35赞美/批评praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame criticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of36喜/恶like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favor of Dislike hate be awful/disgusting ignore turn off 37判断think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt38到达arrive at reach return to get to stay in sp visit leave leave for on one’s way to upon one’s arrival on doin g sth39受伤hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from suffer a loss40损坏damage destroy ruin break down be broken crash41修复repair rebuild restore fix recover oneself42支持/反对agree disagree accept receive refuse turn down be against elect vote for/ against43 做饭cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker44 建议advise suggest recommend urge propose demand persuade 说服45 花费sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth It +take some t ime/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one’s expense46 省/存钱save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/ time47 参加take part in join /join in attend compete in/ for/against48控告accuse sb. of charge sb. With49 救治help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat过程/ cure 结果sb. Of sth aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth50敬佩admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of51逃避ran away escape from flee hide52 阻止/禁止prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth forbid doing sth. Ban prohibit53 对付/处理handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth solve settle54 效仿copy imitate learn from learn54 爆发/发生come about happen to take place break out burst out go off explosion55安装/装备fasten fix set equip be armed with 用什么武装be equipped with装备有56 追求pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with赶上keep up with跟上57 想/考虑think of 考虑/+as把什么看成think about想起consider think over仔细考虑be concerned 担心be considerate towards sb.58 打算plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do59 似乎/好象seem appear look like as if as though60 开办/关闭open start set up close/close up end close down名词类“1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off2旅游trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking3职务人员clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard4餐馆/定餐/就餐inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin 5诊所/看病/服药clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient6车站/机场airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist8意志will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy9才能/品质talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable10优缺点advantage disadvantage strength weakness11目标aim goal intention purpose belief faith12方式means method way manner approach13身体素质strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight14图表photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图15文章reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志diary日记Files form make a list of16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks17 学校活动match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony18建议/观点advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation19气候/天气climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth20交通by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike give sb. a lift/ride21习惯habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词)practice惯例(名词)22感觉sight hearing touch smell sense23情感feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow24 财富money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off25 运动比赛on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/26衣服clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 27事件incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故形容词类1人的各种感受乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused悲sad unhappy painful bitter平静calm quiet silent/still peaceful烦bother bored be fed up with震惊surprised astonished shocked /amazed怕in fear be frightened /scared /afraid失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed满意be satisfied with /be content to do生气Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage2 表程度的副词类narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by farFarther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus 易考的近义词组Run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ matchHit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ doFall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ accountCause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ forLast/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/rangeProvide/supply/offer/ give/send。

动词词组及词义辨析

动词词组及词义辨析

动词词组及词义辨析1.不同的动词,后面加上相同的小品词1)动词+away构成的短语有:throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run away,潜逃;跑开;go away走开等。

2)动词+for构成的短语有:answer for负责;provide for供养;call for提倡,要求;plan for打算,为……计划;hope for 希望,期待;ask for请求,寻找;需要;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找等。

3)动词+on构成的短语有:try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;hold on不挂断,停止;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车、船);come on赶快等。

4)动词+over构成的短语有:come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over 检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;turn over翻转等。

5)动词+up构成的短语有:bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎:fix up. 修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up尊敬;向上看;查寻;make up 虚构;弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出现,把……调高一点;take up 占据,开始从事等。

6)动词+out构成的短语有:go out出去,熄灭;look out留神,当心;walk out走出;set out出发,开始:put out扑灭,生产;give out发出,发表;hand out分发;pick out挑选;find out找出,发现;speak out 大声地说出;turn out生产,打扫;get out出去,离开;work out计算出,解决,锻炼; carry out 实现,执行;bring out出版,start out出发,动身等。

常用动词辨析及常见多义词

常用动词辨析及常见多义词

常用动词辨析:1.七穿:put on,wear,have on,dress,be in,pull on,try onυ dress作及物动词时,意思是“给……穿衣服”,可跟别人,也可跟反身代词。

dress既可表示状态,也可表示动作。

be dressed in和be in后常接颜色一类的名词或衣服名称。

wear和haveυ on都表示状态。

Wear用于一般式时表示经常的穿戴情况,用于进行式时表示暂时的穿戴情况。

have on不用于进行时态。

put on表示动作,其反义词为take off。

have on、wear、put on可广义地用于穿(戴)衣服、袜、鞋、手套、首饰、眼镜等。

pull on表示动作迅速,其反义词为“pullυoff”。

try on、fit … on表示穿戴的动作,意为“试穿(衣服)、试戴(帽子)”。

2.三建议:advise,persuade,suggestυ advise表示“劝说、建议”,而persuade表示“说服”的结果和结论。

搭配:advise sb. (not) to doυ sth.,advise doing sth.,advise that-clause(虚拟语气),persuade sb. (not) to do sth.,persuade / talk sb. into doing sth.,persuade sb. out of doing sth.,persuade sb. of sth.(使某人想起某事),suggest doing sth.,suggest that-clause(虚拟语气或不用)3.三个看起来:seem,look,appear以上三个词都可表示“好像”,而且往往可以相互替换。

但是look强调根据外部表象作出的判断;seem强调说话人的主观判断;appear表示根据外部表象作出判断时,等于look,但appear有时说明外部表象是一种假象。

《动词词义辨析》 知识清单

《动词词义辨析》 知识清单

《动词词义辨析》知识清单一、常见易混淆动词1、“look”“see”“watch”“look”强调看的动作,常与“at”连用,如“Look at the blackboard”(看黑板。

);“see”强调看的结果,即“看到、看见”,如“I can see a bird in the tree”(我能看到树上有一只鸟。

);“watch”则侧重于“观看(比赛、电视等)”,例如“Watch TV”(看电视)。

2、“say”“speak”“tell”“talk”“say”着重指说话的内容,如“He says he is a student”(他说他是个学生。

);“speak”常指说某种语言或在公开场合发言,“Speak English”(说英语);“tell”意为“告诉、讲述”,常用“tell sb sth”或“tell sth to sb”的结构,比如“Tell me the truth”(告诉我真相。

);“talk”强调双方的交流、谈论,“talk with/to sb”(与某人交谈),“talk about sth”(谈论某事)。

3、“borrow”“lend”“borrow”表示“借入”,常与“from”连用,“I borrowed a book from the library”(我从图书馆借了一本书。

);“lend”表示“借出”,常与“to”连用,“He lent his pen to me”(他把他的笔借给了我。

)4、“take”“bring”“fetch”“take”意为“带走、拿走”,指从说话者所在的地方带到别处去,“Take this book to your classroom”(把这本书带到你的教室去。

);“bring”表示“带来、拿来”,指从别处带到说话者所在的地方,“Bring your homework here tomorrow”(明天把你的作业带来。

);“fetch”则表示“去取来、去拿来”,强调往返的动作,“Fetch some water for me, please”(请给我去取些水来。

中考英语必考动词的分类及辨析

中考英语必考动词的分类及辨析

在英语中,动词的使用形式变化多样,与汉语语法截然不同,因此成为我们学习中的一大难点。

由近几年中考题可以看出动词为单项选择题的必考点,尤其是对动词短语的考查,偏向take、turn、put、down 等。

考查形式主要集中在三个方面:①同一动词+不同介词;②不同动词+同一介词;③不同动词+不同介词。

对动词的考查侧重感官系动词词义的辨析,也偶尔涉及实义动词的辨析。

设题形式均为简单句。

一、系动词系动词不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成谓语。

常用的系动词分类如下:(1)be动词:am, is, are, was, were(2)感官类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel(3)变化类:become, get, grow, go, turn(4)状态类:keep, stay二、助动词助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,共同构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等句子。

主要的助动词有be, have, has, had, do, does, did, will, would 和shall等。

三、实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。

按其语法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

(1)动词+宾语如:Can you open the window?(2)动词+宾语+宾补如:We call him Bill.I saw Tom play in the park yesterday.注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等。

(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如:May I ask you a question?Please pass me the book.常见的带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, lend, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, return等。

动词的种类、形式及辨析-小学英语总复习

动词的种类、形式及辨析-小学英语总复习
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【典题答案】 4.B。考查近义动词辨析。题意“——苏,你完成作业了
吗?”“——完成了,我花费了一个小时做作业。” spend 花费,spend… (in) doing sth.意为“做某事花费……” 或spend… on sth.意为“花费……在某件事上”; take 花费,主语为后面的不定式,符合句型It+takes +sb.+时间+to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”; cost 花费,主语是物;pay 花费,主语是人,短语 pay… for… 意为“支付……。”分析句子可知此处 It代替后面的动词不定式to do it,故选B。
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( )5.(2019·贺州第36题)The fruit salad________
delicious. I'd like to have more.
A.tastes
B.touches
C.sounds
D.feels
【典题答案】
5.A。考查动词词义辨析。题意“水果沙拉________美味。我
想再吃点。”taste 尝起来;touch 触摸;sound 听起来;feel感
其余选项均与“说”有关,say后接说话的内容,speak后接
语言,talk不及物动词,后跟介词,均不符合语境,所以选C。
6
( )3.(2019·北部湾经济区第38题)—Must I hand
in the homework right now?—______ That's the rule.
A.Yes,you can.
24
情态 动词
用法
例句
1.表示能力,意为 Mike can run fast.迈克能
can
“能、会”
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常见基础动词词义辨析常见基础动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,完形填空、语法填空和写作等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up,turn out, result in, result from等。

(一)易混动词1、lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。

如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。

)5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。

6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。

7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。

只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。

如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。

如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。

8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。

seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。

如:They were seated at their desks.或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。

10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。

如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。

而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。

11、steal与rob:steal为偷。

rob为抢,其用法不同。

steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。

12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。

如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。

13、take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。

所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。

14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。

如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。

如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。

15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。

而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。

16、reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。

作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。

17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。

cost作"花费"讲,主语不能是人,而spend 的主语不能是物。

如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。

更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。

have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear 则常要用进行时态。

put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin与startbegin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。

如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。

21、allow 与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。

如:People are not allowed to spit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词"建立"的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。

而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。

但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn't tell time correctly。

在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。

在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son.。

24、excuse me 与sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry 则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。

25、care for 与care to docare for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。

26、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.),except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.),success(n.);27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice 表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain 遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。

28、动词+ 副词+ 介词:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …29、动词+ 介词to的词组有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …30、与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …(二)动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。

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