定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法

关系副词，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。

定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。

其句法结构如下：

1.表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句

when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

2.表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句

where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

3.表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)

例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job.

又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.

关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：

1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：

*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the beach.

*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

**This is the hospital where my mother works.

**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：

Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+ which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：

My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.

4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词+ which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。

I may leave here any time I want to.

During the time I was there I visited him twice.

This is my second time I have come to your country.

5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：

The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.