separation and purification technology的投稿指南
天津大学制药工程专业 考研《制药工艺学》中英文对译
天津⼤学《制药⼯艺学》中英⽂对译pharmaceutical technology制药⼯工艺学pharmaceutical pipeline制药链pharmacopoeia药典。
Roswell Park Memorial Instirute RPMI good manufacturing practices for drugs GMP制药⾏行行业medicines，drugs药品traditional Chinese medicines中药natural medicines天然药物chemical drugs化学药物biologics，biologic products⽣生物制品generics，generic drugs仿制药物me-too-drug仿制药biosimilars⽣生物类似药biotechnology⽣生物技术.Food and druge administration FDA biotechnology pharmaceutical，biopharmaceutical⽣生物制药nucleotide核苷酸nucleoside核⽢甘enzyme酶enzyme inhibitor酶抑制剂immunomodulator免疫调节剂penicillin⻘青霉素antibody engineering抗体⼯工程inducer诱导剂precursor前体prodrug前药transformation遗传转化.conversion⽣生物转化fermentation发酵.strain breeding菌种选育separation and purification分离纯化和提纯.cell growth phase/fermentationproduct synthesis phase/product secretion phase.Murashige&Skoog MScell autolysis phase/fermentation anaphase.generic通⽤用药物metabolism代谢.substrate培养基质primary/secondary metabolism初级/次级代谢.specific growth rate⽐比⽣生⻓长速率lag/log/decline/stationary/death phase延滞期/对数⽣生⻓长期/减数期/稳定期/死亡期coupling model⽣生⻓长与⽣生产偶联型.PEG聚⼄乙⼆二醇semi-coupling model⽣生⻓长与⽣生产半偶联型.starter culture培养物non-coupling model⽣生⻓长与⽣生产⾮非偶联型.storage保存protoplast fusion原⽣生质体融合.DMSO⼆二甲基亚砜master stock/cell bank MSB/MCB主菌种库.glycerol⽢甘油working stock/cell bank WSB/WCB⼯工作菌种库.Streptomyces链霉菌quality control QC质量量控制.cholramphenicol氯霉素China Center for Type Culture Collection CCTCC中国典型培养物保藏中⼼心China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC中国普通微⽣生物保藏管理理中⼼心China Center of Industrial Culture Collection CICC中国⼯工业微⽣生物菌种保藏管理理中⼼心National Center for Medical Culture Collection（Bacteria）CMCC中国医学微⽣生物菌种保藏中⼼心America Type Culture Collection ATCCEuropean Collection of Cell Culture ECACCInstiture for Fermentation，Osaka IFONational Collection of Type Culture mNCTCmedium培养基.carbon source碳源nitrogen source氮源.mineral salt⽆无机盐macroelement⼤大量量元素.trace element microelement微量量元素growth factor⽣生⻓长因⼦子.precursor前体accelerant促进剂.fed medium补料料培养基agar琼脂粉.contaminated microbe杂菌contamination污染.phage噬菌体disinfection消毒.sterilization灭菌pathogen病原微⽣生物.filtration sterilization过滤灭菌filter过滤介质VVM空⽓气流量量（单位时间单位体积内通⼊入的标准状况下的空⽓气体积）primary culture原代培养.passage culture传代培养solid surface culture固体表⾯面培养.liquid submerged culture液体深层培养immobilized culture固定化培养.high cell density culture⾼高密度培养intermittent opration间歇式操作.discontinuous operation不不连续培养semi-continuous operation半连续培养.batch operation分批式操作fed batch operation补料料-分批式（流加）操作.chemostat恒化器器MPa罐压.dissolved oxygen DO溶解氧cell concentration菌体浓度.fermentation heat发酵热production heat产⽣生热.loss heat散失热biological heat⽣生物热.agitation heat搅拌热evaporation heat蒸发热.sensible heat显热radiant heat辐射热.oxygen supply供氧oxygen consumption耗氧.dissolved oxygen coefficient溶解氧系数oxygen transfer rate OTR氧传递速率.oxygen uptake rate OUR摄氧速率ventilation通⽓气.respiratory intensity呼吸强度oxygen saturation concentration氧饱和浓度.respiratory quotient RQ呼吸熵critical oxygen concentration临界氧浓度.fill补料料withdraw放料料.foam泡沫defoaming agent消沫剂.surfactant表⾯面活性剂dispersant分散剂.emulsifier乳化剂inertcarrier惰性载体.antibiotic抗⽣生素carbenicillin羧苄⻘青霉素/⻘青霉素G6-aminopenicillanic acid6-APA6-氨基⻘青霉烷酸.cephalosporin C CPC头孢菌素C erythromycin红霉素.amino acid氨基酸hybridomn杂交瘤.vitamin维⽣生素recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术.recombinant DNA products rDNA制品plasmid质粒.replicon复制⼦子promoter启动⼦子.terminator终⽌止⼦子multiple cloning site MCS多克隆隆位点.transferability转移性incompatibility不不相容性.cloning vector克隆隆载体expression vector表达载体.shuttle vector穿梭载体intergration vector整合载体.inclusion body包涵体yeast酵⺟母.genetic engineering strain基因⼯工程菌yeast intergration plasmid YIP酵⺟母整合载体yeast episomal plasmid YEP酵⺟母附加载体yeast centromere plasmid YCP酵⺟母着丝粒载体centromere sequence CEN着丝粒序列列autonomously replicating sequences ARS⾃自主复制序列列yeast replicating plasmid YRP酵⺟母复制质粒polymerase chain reaction PCR聚合酶链式反应reverse transcription PCR RT-PCR反转录PCRcomplementary DNA cDNAavian myeloblastosis virus AMV禽源成髓细胞瘤病毒moloney murine leukemia virus MMLV⿏鼠源败⾎血病毒莫勒勒尼株diethyl pyrocarbonate DEPC焦碳酸⼆二⼄乙酯.denaturation变性annelling退⽕火.extension链延伸restriction endonuclease限制性核酸内切酶.ligase连接酶recombinant重组⼦子.interferon IFN⼲干扰素recombinant human interferon rhIFNtricarboxylic acid cycle TCA循环三羧酸循环pentose phosphate pathway PPP磷酸戊糖途径.glycosylation糖基化apoptosis凋亡.diploid cell⼆二倍体primary cell原代细胞.passage cell传代细胞immortal cell永久细胞系.Chinese hamster ovary CHO中国仓⿏鼠卵卵巢DHFR⼆二氢叶酸还原酶.methotrexate MTX甲氨蝶呤baby hamster kidney BHK幼仓⿏鼠肾脏dicistron双顺反⼦子long terminal repeat sequences LTRS逆转录病毒的⻓长末端重复序列列cytomegalovirus CMV⼈人巨噬病毒.ubiquitin泛素蛋⽩白bovine growth hormone.BGH⽜牛⽣生⻓长素.toppoisomerase拓拓扑异构酶internal ribosome entry site IRES核糖体进⼊入位点.serum⾎血清minimum essential medium MEM basal medium Eagle’s BME Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium DMEMGlasgow’s modified Eagle’s medium GMEMJoklik’s Park Memorial Eagle’s medium JMEMRoswell Park Memorial Institute RPMIserum-free medium SEM⽆无⾎血清培养基.buffer solution缓冲液balance saline solution BSS平衡盐溶液monolayer anchorage-dependent culture单层贴壁培养.suspension culture悬浮培养microcarrier微载体.microencapsulation method微囊法phosphonate buffer solution PBS磷酸盐缓冲液.scale-down缩⼩小erythropoietin EPO红细胞⽣生成素.luria bertani LB recombinant human erythropoietin rhEPO重组⼈人红细胞⽣生成素synthon合成⼦子.synthetic equivalent合成等价物protocol solvent质⼦子性溶剂.micronization微晶化catalyst催化剂.phase transfer catalyst相转移催化剂TEBAC三⼄乙基苄基氯化铵Mokosza催化剂TO/CMAC三⾟辛基甲基氯化铵Starks催化剂.Brandstrom催化剂四丁基硫酸氢铵chirality⼿手性.enantiomers对应异构体configuration构型.chiral drug⼿手性药物enantiomeric excesses对映体过量量e.e.%.restrosynthesis追溯求源法resolution拆分.omeprazole奥美拉唑paclitaxel,Taxol紫杉醇.cephalosporin C CPC头孢菌素7-aminocephalosporanic acid7-ACA7-氨基头孢烷酸.cefalexin头孢氨苄tetrahydrofuran THF四氢呋喃.quality by design QbD质量量源于设计process analysis technology PAT过程分析技术quality target product profile QTPP⽬目标产品质量量概况critical material attribute CMA关键物料料属性critical process parameter CPP关键⼯工艺参数normal operation range NOR正常操作区间proven acceptable range PAR可接受的区间critical quality attribute CQA关键质量量属性bioreactor⽣生物反应器器key process parameter KPP重要⼯工艺参数.fermenter发酵罐complete stirred tank reactor CSTR全混流反应器器.yield得率piston fluid reactor PFR平推流反应器器.titer效价stirred tank reactor STR搅拌罐.scale-up放⼤大fixed bed reactor固定化床反应器器.draft tube导流筒packed bed reactor PBR填充床反应器器.bubble column⿎鼓泡塔fluidized bed reactor FBR流化床反应器器.air-lift reactor⽓气升式反应器器disk and turbine impeller涡流式搅拌桨.process validation⼯工艺验证marine style impeller推进式搅拌桨.process design⼯工艺设计process mass intensity PMI过程质量量强度.process qualification⼯工艺确认reaction mass efficiency RME反应质量量效率standard operation procedure SOP标准操作规程.continued process verification⼯工艺核实biochemical oxygen demand BOD⽣生化需氧量量.total nitrogen TN总氮chemical oxygen demand COD化学需氧量量.suspended subatance SS悬浮物mixed liquor suspended solids MLSS混合液悬浮固体total organic carbon TOC总有机碳.sludge volume SV污泥泥沉降⽐比sludge volume index SVI污泥泥指数piping&instrument diagram PID⼯工艺控制流程图。
药物分离纯化的一般工艺流程
药物分离纯化的一般工艺流程英文回答：Drug separation and purification is a crucial step in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain pure and high-quality drugs. The general process involves several stages,including extraction, filtration, chromatography, and crystallization.Extraction is often the first step in drug separation.It involves the transfer of the target compound from theraw material to a suitable solvent. This can be achieved through various techniques such as maceration, percolation, or Soxhlet extraction. For example, in the extraction of natural products from plants, the plant material is soakedin a solvent, and the target compound is dissolved into the solvent while unwanted impurities are left behind.Filtration is another important step in drug separation. It is used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gasmixture. Filtration can be performed through different methods such as gravity filtration, vacuum filtration, or membrane filtration. For instance, in the production of antibiotics, the fermentation broth is filtered to remove microbial cells and other solid impurities.Chromatography plays a significant role in drug separation and purification. It is a technique that separates the components of a mixture based on their different affinities to a stationary phase and a mobile phase. There are various types of chromatography, including liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For example, in the separation of enantiomers, chiral chromatography is commonly used to separate the mirror-image isomers.Crystallization is often the final step in the drug separation process. It involves the formation of pure crystals from a solution or melt. By controlling the temperature and solvent conditions, impurities can be excluded, and a highly pure drug crystal can be obtained. An example of crystallization is the production of aspirin,where salicylic acid is dissolved in ethanol and then cooled to form pure aspirin crystals.In conclusion, the general process of drug separation and purification involves extraction, filtration, chromatography, and crystallization. These steps are essential in obtaining pure and high-quality drugs. Each step has its own significance and contributes to the overall success of the separation process.中文回答：药物的分离纯化是制药行业中的关键步骤，旨在获得纯净且高质量的药物。
《生物分离技术》教学大纲
《生物分离技术》教学大纲课程编号：0241005课程性质：专业特色课学时/学分：32/2适用专业：生物工程；生物制药一、课程简介《生物分离技术》是一门研究生物分离过程基本原理及规律的学科，是生物工程专业中的一门重要的技术基础课程。
生物分离技术主要研究生化工程中生物制品的分离和纯化，课程主要讲授传质与生化分离工程的原理和应用，以及生化分离过程中一些主要的分离单元操作和分离工程领域的研究进展及其动态。
《生物分离技术》的教学内容，以不溶物去除、粗分离、纯化和精制的四个阶段来展示生物分离过程的基本原理与应用实践，主要教学内容涉及发酵液的预处理、细胞破碎、萃取法、离子交换法、吸附法、层析分离法、膜分离法、结晶和干燥等单元操作原理及其在生物工程技术领域的应用。
Bioseparation Technology is a course related to the basic principles and rules of bio-separation processes,which is a fundamental course for the students of bioengineering.Bioseparation technology mainly focus on separation and purification of bioproducts from bioprocesses.This course covers theories related to bioseparation engineering and its applications,unit operations, and recent advances in bioseparation engineering area.The content of Bioseparation Technology includes four parties,such as removal of insoluble substances,crude separation,purification and refining.All of them demonstrate the details of bioseparation process and its application practices,including pretreatment of fermentation broth, cell disruption,solvent extraction,ion exchange,adsorption,chromatography,membrane separation,crystallization and drying unit operation.二、教学目的与要求课程的目的通过理论学习，扩大学生对生物分离技术的认识，培养生物提取和分离方面具有一定工程知识的生物工程技术专业人才。
基于膜技术分离纯化乳清蛋白的研究进展
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2022年第41卷第6期基于膜技术分离纯化乳清蛋白的研究进展马镓莉，卢会霞，苗晓雪（天津市跨介质复合污染环境治理技术重点实验室，南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津300350）摘要：乳清废水有机负荷高，若直接排放将引起严重的环境污染，且造成蛋白质资源的浪费。
因此，乳清废水资源化利用日益受到人们的关注。
本文简要介绍了乳清蛋白组成、特性及其应用，归纳了近年来膜技术在乳清资源化利用方面的应用。
首先介绍了压力驱动膜技术中超滤和荷电超滤在乳清蛋白分离和浓缩方面的应用，此后重点介绍了电驱动膜过程中电超滤（EUF ）和电渗析耦合超滤体系（EDUF ）在乳清蛋白以及活性肽分离回收领域的应用最新进展，并针对乳清蛋白分离过程中的膜污染现象进行了分析，提出膜污染过程的影响因素及控制措施，以期为乳清的资源化利用提供有益参考。
最后指出了膜技术在单个乳清蛋白的分离回收方面以及工业化放大等方面仍存在一定局限性，并对此提出了解决方案及其未来的发展方向。
关键词：乳清废水；乳清蛋白；膜；分离；纯化中图分类号：X792文献标志码：A文章编号：1000-6613（2022）06-2826-13Research progress on separation and purification of whey protein basedon membrane technologyMA Jiali ，LU Huixia ，MIAO Xiaoxue(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution,College of EnvironmentalScience and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)Abstract:Whey wastewater has a high organic load.If discharged directly,it will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of protein resources.Therefore,the resource utilization of whey wastewater has attracted increasing attention.This paper briefly introduces the composition,characteristics and application of whey protein,and summarizes the application of membrane technology in whey resource utilization in recent years.First,the application of ultrafiltration and charged ultrafiltration in the separation and concentration of whey protein in the pressure-driven membrane technology is introduced.Then,the latest progress of the application of electro-ultrafiltration(EUF)and electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane(EDUF)in the separation and recovery of whey protein and active peptide in the process of electro-driven membrane is emphasized.In addition,the membrane fouling phenomenon in the process of whey protein separation is analyzed,and the influencing factors as well as control measures of the membrane fouling process are put forward,in order to provide a usefulreference for the resource utilization of whey.Finally,it pointed out that membrane technology still has综述与专论DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1566收稿日期：2021-07-23；修改稿日期：2021-10-15。
人参中人参皂苷提取分离研究进展
人参中人参皂苷提取分离研究进展一、本文概述Overview of this article人参，作为传统中药材的瑰宝，自古以来便在中医药理论中占据着举足轻重的地位。
人参中的人参皂苷是其主要的药效成分，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等多种生物活性，因此，对人参中人参皂苷的提取分离研究一直备受关注。
本文旨在全面综述近年来人参中人参皂苷提取分离的研究进展，从提取方法、分离技术、结构鉴定及生物活性研究等方面进行深入探讨，以期为人参资源的深入开发利用提供理论支持和实践指导。
Ginseng, as a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine, has held a pivotal position in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The ginsenosides in ginseng are its main pharmacological components, which have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-aging. Therefore, the extraction and separation of ginsenosides in ginseng has always been of great concern. This article aims to comprehensively review theresearch progress in the extraction and separation of ginsenosides from ginseng in recent years, and conduct in-depth discussions on extraction methods, separation techniques, structural identification, and biological activity research, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the in-depth development and utilization of ginseng resources.本文首先回顾了人参皂苷的基本结构和分类，阐述了其在人参中的分布和含量。
汽车发动机英文参考文献(精选120个最新))
汽车发动机是为汽车提供动力的装置，是汽车的心脏，决定着汽车的动力性、经济性、稳定性和环保性。
下面是搜索整理的汽车发动机英文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。
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丙烯酸二聚体的生产速率
丙烯酸二聚體的生產速率英文回答：The production rate of acrylic acid dimer can be influenced by several factors. One important factor is the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration. For example, increasing the temperature can accelerate the reaction rate, but too high of a temperature may lead to side reactions or product degradation. Similarly, adjusting the pressure and catalyst concentration can also affect the production rate.Another factor that can impact the production rate is the feedstock composition. Acrylic acid dimer can be produced from the reaction between two molecules of acrylic acid. Therefore, the availability and purity of acrylic acid are crucial. If the feedstock contains impurities or other substances that can interfere with the reaction, it may reduce the production rate or affect the quality of the product.Furthermore, the choice of reactor type can also influence the production rate. Different reactors have different mixing and heat transfer capabilities, which can affect the reaction kinetics. For example, a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) allows for better mixing and heat transfer, leading to a higher production rate compared to a batch reactor.In addition to these factors, the efficiency of the separation and purification processes can also impact the overall production rate. If the separation and purification steps are not optimized, it may result in longer processing times and lower production rates.Overall, the production rate of acrylic acid dimer is influenced by reaction conditions, feedstock composition, reactor type, and efficiency of separation and purification processes. By optimizing these factors, it is possible to increase the production rate and improve the overall efficiency of the process.中文回答：丙烯酸二聚体的生产速率可以受到多种因素的影响。
separation purification tech endnote9
separation purification tech endnote9 Separation and purification technologies are essential processes in various industries, ranging from pharmaceuticals to wastewater treatment. These technologies play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and purity of materials and substances. Among the many separation and purification techniques available, Endnote9 stands out as a notable tool for researchers and professionals.Endnote9 is advanced bibliographic management software designed for organizing academic references. It allows users to collect, store, manage, and format references in an efficient and systematic manner. With its user-friendly interface and extensive features, Endnote9 simplifies the process of conducting literature reviews and writing scholarly papers.The benefits of using Endnote9 for separation and purification research are numerous. One advantage is the ability to import citations directly from online databases. Researchers can easily search for relevant articles orpatents related to separation and purification techniques and retrieve them into their Endnote library with just afew clicks. This feature saves time spent on manual entry and ensures accuracy in the citation details.In addition to importing references, Endnote9 offers useful tools for organizing and categorizing citations effectively. Users can create custom folders or groups within theirlibrary to group articles by topic, project, or any desired criteria. By efficiently managing references, researchers can easily locate relevant information when working on separation and purification studies.Another valuable feature of Endnote9 is its ability to generate formatted bibliographies automatically. Researchers no longer need to spend hours manuallyformatting references; instead, they can choose from a wide range of citation styles provided by Endnote9 or create custom styles that adhere to specific journal requirementsor guidelines. This feature not only saves time but also ensures consistency in formatting throughout the research work.Furthermore, collaboration is made easier with Endnote9's sharing capabilities. Researchers working on separation and purification projects can share their libraries with team members or colleagues seamlessly through cloud-based platforms. This enables efficient collaboration,streamlined communication, and avoids duplication ofefforts within research teams.While Endnote9 is a powerful tool for separation and purification research, it also has a few limitations. One limitation is the learning curve associated with mastering the software. Although Endnote9 offers many functionalities, it may take some time for users to become proficient in using all of them effectively.Additionally, while Endnote9 simplifies the process of managing bibliographic references, it does not provide advanced data analysis capabilities required for certain separation and purification research fields. Researchers relying heavily on statistical analysis or modeling mayneed to integrate other specialized software or tools intotheir workflow.In conclusion, Endnote9 is an invaluable tool for researchers and professionals engaged in separation and purification studies. It streamlines the management of references, facilitates efficient literature reviews, ensures accurate citations, and simplifies the generationof formatted bibliographies. Despite its learning curve and limitations in advanced data analysis, Endnote9 remains an indispensable asset for anyone working in this field.中文翻译提示：分离和纯化技术在各种行业中都是必不可少的过程，从制药到废水处理。
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PDRO技术标准是一种评估产品质量和可靠性的标准，它是在生产过程中对产品进行全面检测、验证和审核的一种质量控制方法。
以下是PDRO技术标准的详细介绍：
目的：PDRO技术标准的目的是确保产品的质量和可靠性，确保产品在生产过程中符合规定的技术要求和质量标准。
流程：PDRO技术标准的流程包括以下几个阶段：策划阶段、实施阶段、检查阶段和改进阶段。
在策划阶段，需要明确产品的质量目标和要求，制定相应的质量控制计划和流程；在实施阶段，需要按照质量控制计划和流程进行全面检测、验证和审核，确保产品符合要求；在检查阶段，需要对产品的质量进行抽查和检验，确保产品的质量和可靠性；在改进阶段，需要对产品的质量进行持续改进，提高产品的质量和可靠性。
优势：PDRO技术标准的优势在于它能够全面检测、验证和审核产品的质量和可靠性，确保产品符合规定的技术要求和质量标准。
此外，PDRO技术标准还能够提高产品的质量和可靠性，减少产品的故障率和维护成本，提高企业的竞争力和声誉。
应用范围：PDRO技术标准适用于各种行业和领域，如汽车、电子、航空航天、医疗器械等。
在这些领域中，产品的质量和可靠性至关重要，因此需要采用PDRO技术标准来确保产品的质量和可靠性。
总之，PDRO技术标准是一种重要的质量控制方法，它能够全面检测、验证和审核产品的质量和可靠性，确保产品符合规定的技术要求和质量标准。