拱桥施工方案(英文)1- Arch-Construction
桥梁工程专业英语
有限元法
finite element method
有限元法: FInite Element|finite element method
积有限元法：CVFEM线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method
等效荷载原理：principle of equivalent loads
等效负载等效荷载等值负载: equivalentload
模型
matrixmodelmouldpattern
承载能力极限状态
承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states
正常使用极限状态
serviceability limit state
安全系数
safety factor
标准值
standard value标准值：standard value,｜reference value
作用标准值: characteristic value of an action重力标准值：gravity standard
设计值
value of calculationdesign value
单墩
单墩: single pier单墩尾水管: single-pier draught tube
单墩肘形尾水管: one-pier elbow draught tube
结构优化设计
结构优化设计: optimal structure designing
扩结构优化设计：Optimal Struc ture Designing
液压机结构优化设计软件包: HYSOP
连续多跨
多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports
工程方案英语
工程方案英语1. IntroductionThe construction of a new bridge is a major undertaking that requires careful planning and execution. This project proposal outlines the plan for the construction of a new bridge that will connect two important areas and improve transportation infrastructure in the region. The bridge will provide a safe and efficient passage for vehicles and pedestrians, and will contribute to the economic development of the area.2. Project ObjectivesThe main objectives of this project are:- To improve transportation infrastructure in the region- To provide a safe and efficient passage for vehicles and pedestrians- To contribute to the economic development of the area3. Project LocationThe new bridge will be constructed over the river that divides the two areas. The location has been selected based on a thorough analysis of the topography, geology, and hydrology of the area. The bridge will connect two important commercial and residential areas, and will serve as a crucial link for the transportation network in the region.4. Project ScopeThe construction of the new bridge will involve the following key aspects:- Design and engineering of the bridge structure- Environmental impact assessment and mitigation- Procurement of materials and equipment- Construction and installation of the bridge- Quality control and testing- Safety and risk management- Project management and coordination5. Design and EngineeringThe design and engineering of the bridge will be carried out by a team of experienced professionals who specialize in bridge construction. The design will take into consideration the specific requirements of the location, including the river flow, the soil conditions, andthe expected traffic load. The bridge will be designed to meet all safety and engineering standards, and will incorporate the latest technologies and materials for durability and longevity.6. Environmental Impact AssessmentBefore the construction begins, an environmental impact assessment will be conducted to identify potential environmental impacts and to develop appropriate mitigation measures. This assessment will include a comprehensive study of the river ecosystem, the local wildlife, and the surrounding natural habitats. The project will be designed and executed in a way that minimizes any adverse environmental effects, and that complies with all applicable laws and regulations.7. Procurement of Materials and EquipmentThe procurement of materials and equipment for the construction of the bridge will be carefully planned and executed. The project team will source high-quality materials and equipment from reliable suppliers, and will ensure that all components meet the required standards and specifications. The procurement process will be managed with strict adherence to budgetary constraints and timelines, and will be subject to thorough quality control and inspection.8. Construction and InstallationThe construction and installation of the bridge will be carried out by experienced contractors and skilled laborers. The construction process will be planned and executed in accordance with the project schedule and milestones, and will be closely monitored to ensure the highest quality and safety standards. The installation of the bridge will involve the use of specialized equipment and techniques, and will be overseen by a team of engineers and supervisors.9. Quality Control and TestingThroughout the construction process, rigorous quality control and testing measures will be implemented to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the bridge. All materials and components will be subject to thorough inspection and testing, and all construction activities will be monitored and supervised to detect and address any deviations from the project specifications. The final product will undergo comprehensive testing to verify its strength, stability, and performance.10. Safety and Risk ManagementThe safety of all personnel involved in the construction process will be a top priority. A comprehensive safety plan will be developed and implemented, which will include appropriate safety training, the use of personal protective equipment, and strict adherence to safety protocols and regulations. In addition, a risk management plan will be establishedto identify and address potential hazards and risks associated with the construction of the bridge.11. Project Management and CoordinationThe overall management and coordination of the project will be overseen by a dedicated project manager, who will be responsible for planning, organizing, and controlling all aspects of the project. The project manager will work closely with a team of professionals, including engineers, designers, contractors, and suppliers, to ensure effective communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. The project manager will be accountable for the successful completion of the project within the established budget and timeline.12. ConclusionThe construction of a new bridge is a complex and challenging project that requires thorough planning, coordinated effort, and strict adherence to high standards of quality, safety, and environmental responsibility. This project proposal outlines the plan for the design, engineering, and construction of a new bridge that will improve transportation infrastructure and contribute to the economic development of the region. The successful completion of this project will provide a vital link for the transportation network and a symbol of progress and connectivity for the community.。
土木工程专业英语lesson 19 arch bridge拱桥
The relevant terms that are used to describe the various parts of an arch bridge are shown in Figure 1.在图1中显示用来描述一个拱桥的各部分的有关术语。
Arches may be grouped according to the following parameters:拱桥可以根据以下参数进行分组：1. the materials of construction2. the structural articulation3. the shape of the arch1．建筑材料2．结构的衔接3．拱桥的形状Historically, arch bridges are associated with stone masonry. This gave way to brickwork in the nineteenth century. Because these were proportioned to minimise the possibility of tensile stress, they tend to be fairly massive structures.从历史上看，拱桥都是与石头建筑有联系的，但是在十九世纪让位给了砖砌结构。
因为他们的比例尽可能的减少了拉伸应力的可能性，这使得他们有成为巨大结构的趋势。
By comparison the use of reinforced concrete and modern structural steel gives the opportunity for slender, elegant arches.相比之下，使用钢筋混凝土和现代结构钢为拱桥提供了简约、典雅的机会。
With regard to structural articulation the arch can be fixed or hinged. In the latter case either one, two or three hinges can be incorporated into the arch rib. Whilst thefixed arch has three redundancies, the introduction of each hinge reduced the indeterminacy by one until, with three hinges, the arch is statically determinate and hence, theoretically, free of the problems of secondary stresses. Figure 2 shows a range of possible arrangements. The articulation of the arch is not only dependent upon the number of hinges but is also fund amentally influenced by the position of the deck and the nature of the load transfer from the deck to the arch.至于衔接拱结构可固接或铰接。
拱桥的施工方案(3篇)
第1篇一、项目概述本项目为某地区某河流上的拱桥建设，桥梁全长为200米，主跨为100米，采用单跨拱桥设计。
拱桥结构为钢筋混凝土结构，桥面宽度为9米，设计荷载为汽车-超20级，验算荷载为挂车-120。
本项目旨在提高地区交通效率，改善两岸居民出行条件。
二、施工准备1. 组织机构及人员配置成立项目施工指挥部，下设施工、技术、质量、安全、材料、财务等职能科室。
各科室负责人由经验丰富、责任心强的管理人员担任，确保项目顺利进行。
2. 施工场地准备- 清理施工现场，确保场地平整、排水畅通。
- 设置临时施工道路，方便材料运输和人员进出。
- 建立临时办公、生活设施，满足施工人员需求。
3. 材料设备准备- 购置或租赁施工所需的各种材料、设备，如钢筋、水泥、模板、吊车、搅拌机等。
- 对设备进行检查、维修，确保其性能良好。
4. 技术准备- 组织技术人员学习设计图纸和相关规范，熟悉施工工艺。
- 编制施工组织设计、施工方案，明确施工顺序、施工方法、质量控制要点等。
三、施工工艺1. 基础施工- 首先进行基础开挖，按照设计要求进行地基处理。
- 基础采用钢筋混凝土结构，分两次浇筑，先浇筑垫层，再浇筑承台。
- 基础混凝土达到设计强度后，进行承台模板安装，进行混凝土浇筑。
2. 拱肋施工- 拱肋采用钢筋混凝土结构，分节段施工。
- 在基础上设置支架，支架采用钢支撑结构，确保拱肋施工过程中的稳定。
- 拱肋分节段施工，先浇筑底板，再浇筑侧板，最后浇筑拱顶。
- 每节段混凝土达到设计强度后，拆除支架，进行下一节段施工。
3. 桥面施工- 桥面采用钢筋混凝土结构，分两次浇筑，先浇筑底板，再浇筑面板。
- 在拱肋施工完成后，进行桥面模板安装，进行混凝土浇筑。
- 桥面混凝土达到设计强度后，进行桥面防水、排水、栏杆等附属工程施工。
四、质量控制1. 原材料质量控制- 严格控制钢筋、水泥、砂石等原材料的质量，确保其符合设计要求。
- 对原材料进行抽样检验，不合格材料不得使用。
拱桥的无支架施工
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利用边跨为平衡重，平转主跨钢管拱肋就位，合龙
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4 悬臂法施工
Eads Bridge（1874）
主跨为158m，第一座钢拱， 首创悬臂施工法。
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悬臂法
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在桥位处悬臂进行拱圈节段混凝土灌筑或拼装，最后在拱顶处合拢。 悬臂法施工可分为悬臂斜吊法和悬臂桁架法。
4.1 悬臂桁架法
2.3 平竖结合转体施工
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安阳文峰路立交桥 （主跨135m，1995）
适合于跨越宽阔河流、 桥位平坦的大跨径桥梁。
平竖结合转体施工桥例
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丫髻沙大桥（1999）：分跨为76m＋360m＋76m。平转重量13685t。
丫髻沙大桥
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拼装半跨钢管拱肋
竖转主跨钢管拱肋就位
丫髻沙大桥
拱桥的无支架施工
Constructi拱桥的无支架施工
1
缆索吊装法
2
转体施工法
3
悬臂法施工
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1 缆索吊装法
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跨越能力较大，水平 和垂直运输机动灵活， 适用于大跨度拱桥。
缆索吊机安装砼拱肋
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缆索吊装设备
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主索 工作索 塔架 锚固装置
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劲性骨架：型钢构件组拼 主拱施工：水箱压载法 关键阶段：混凝土浇筑至
拱1/4截面。
桥例2：广西邕宁邕江大桥
邕宁邕江大桥 （跨径312m）
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缆索吊机悬臂安装劲性骨架拱
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❖ 采用钢管混凝土作为劲性骨架；主拱施工选择斜拉扣挂法。
桥例3：万县长江大桥（420m）
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桥例3：万县长江大桥
LOGO 左半孔竖向转体就位
拱桥工程施工方案(3篇)
第1篇一、工程概况本项目为某地区一座新建桥梁工程，桥梁全长150米，主跨100米，采用预应力混凝土拱桥结构。
拱桥施工方案如下：二、施工组织设计1. 施工组织结构（1）项目经理部：负责整个工程的施工组织、指挥、协调和管理工作。
（2）项目部各部门：包括工程技术部、施工管理部、质量安全部、物资设备部、财务部等。
2. 施工进度安排（1）施工准备阶段：2个月（2）基础施工阶段：4个月（3）拱圈施工阶段：6个月（4）桥面系施工阶段：3个月（5）竣工交工阶段：1个月总计：16个月三、施工准备1. 施工场地平整（1）对施工现场进行测量放样，确定桥墩、桥台位置。
（2）对施工场地进行平整，满足施工要求。
2. 施工材料、设备准备（1）材料：水泥、钢筋、混凝土、砂石等。
（2）设备：搅拌站、混凝土输送泵、振捣器、模板等。
3. 施工人员培训（1）组织施工人员进行技术培训，提高施工人员的技术水平。
（2）对施工人员进行安全教育，提高安全意识。
四、基础施工1. 桥墩施工（1）开挖基础：根据设计要求，进行桥墩基础开挖。
（2）浇筑基础：采用混凝土浇筑，确保基础质量。
（3）安装钢筋：根据设计图纸，安装桥墩钢筋。
（4）浇筑桥墩：浇筑桥墩混凝土，确保质量。
2. 桥台施工（1）开挖基础：根据设计要求，进行桥台基础开挖。
（2）浇筑基础：采用混凝土浇筑，确保基础质量。
（3）安装钢筋：根据设计图纸，安装桥台钢筋。
（4）浇筑桥台：浇筑桥台混凝土，确保质量。
五、拱圈施工1. 模板制作与安装（1）根据设计要求，制作拱圈模板。
（2）安装模板，确保模板位置准确、牢固。
2. 钢筋加工与安装（1）加工拱圈钢筋，确保尺寸、形状符合设计要求。
（2）安装拱圈钢筋，确保位置准确、牢固。
3. 混凝土浇筑（1）根据设计要求，配制混凝土。
（2）采用混凝土输送泵进行混凝土浇筑，确保浇筑均匀、密实。
（3）振捣混凝土，排除气泡，提高混凝土质量。
4. 拆除模板（1）在混凝土达到一定强度后，拆除模板。
分享工程施工方案英文
Introduction:As the construction industry continues to evolve, the implementation of a well-planned execution plan is crucial for the successful completion of any project. This document outlines the execution plan for our upcoming construction project, detailing the key phases, strategies, and resources required to achieve the project objectives.1. Project Overview:The project involves the construction of a residential complex with a total of 100 units, including apartments, penthouses, and commercial spaces. The project site is located in a bustling urban area, and the estimated completion time is 24 months.2. Pre-construction Phase:2.1 Planning and Design:- Conduct a thorough site analysis to identify potential risks and constraints.- Collaborate with architects, engineers, and consultants to finalize the design and obtain necessary permits.- Develop a comprehensive project schedule, including key milestones and deadlines.2.2 Resource Allocation:- Identify the required resources, such as labor, materials, and equipment.- Establish a procurement plan to ensure timely delivery of materials and equipment.- Assign project managers and team members, ensuring clear communication and coordination.2.3 Budgeting and Cost Control:- Prepare a detailed budget, including labor, materials, equipment, and contingency funds.- Implement cost control measures to monitor and manage expenses throughout the project.3. Construction Phase:3.1 Site Preparation:- Clear the site of debris and vegetation.- Establish temporary utilities, such as electricity, water, and drainage.- Lay out the construction boundaries and mark critical areas.3.2 Foundation and Structure:- Excavate the site and pour concrete foundations.- Construct the structural framework, including columns, beams, and slabs.- Ensure compliance with safety standards and quality control measures.3.3 Interior and Exterior Finishing:- Install electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.- Apply finishes, such as tiles, paint, and wallpaper.- Install doors, windows, and fixtures.3.4 Landscape and Infrastructure:- Construct driveways, sidewalks, and parking areas.- Install landscaping elements, such as trees, shrubs, and grass.- Set up utilities, such as water, electricity, and gas connections.4. Post-construction Phase:4.1 Quality Assurance and Control:- Conduct regular inspections and quality checks to ensure compliance with design specifications and standards.- Address any defects or issues promptly to maintain the project's reputation.4.2 Handover:- Prepare the project for handover to the client, including final inspections and documentation.- Provide necessary training and support to the client for maintenance and operation.4.3 Post-handover Support:- Offer ongoing support and maintenance services for the first yearafter handover.- Address any concerns or issues raised by the client promptly.Conclusion:The execution plan for our construction project is designed to ensure a systematic and efficient approach to the project's completion. By adhering to this plan, we aim to deliver a high-quality, cost-effective, and timely project that meets the client's expectations. Through effective communication, coordination, and quality control, we will strive to achieve the project objectives and contribute to the success of our client and stakeholders.。
(完整版)桥梁施工计划英文版BridgeFoundationandsubStructureConstructionProgr
Bridge Foundation and Substructure Construction Programme (k5+000 3×25m=75m Mamboleo Bridge)1.Basis(1)The Standard Specification for Kenya Road and Bridge Construction.(2) Contract of the Rehabilitation of Kisumu-Kakamega Road, Special Specification.(3) Drawings.(4) The General Requirement of Construction Period.(5)Actual condition in-site.2. General Status of the Bridgewe plan to commence construction of Km5+000 bridge recently. The superstructure is 3×2.5m cast-in-situ continuous “T”girder(30/20 concrete). The bridge pier and abutment of substructure is extended open cut foundation(30/20 concrete). Pier body adopts thin-walled pier (30/20 concrete) and bridge cap beam (30/20 concrete). The type of abutment body uses wing-wall abutment(30/20 concrete) and 30/20 reinforced concrete structure. Attached please find Km5+000 Manboleo bridge substructure programme.3.Found ation (Extended Open Cut Foundation) Construction Technology Scheme(1) PreparationThe preparation of construction mechanical equipment, staffs, location set-out, original material test and standard ratio test have been completed, and the side road around construction location could meet bridge construction requirement.(2)Foundation Pit ExcavationMechanical equipment shall apply to foundation pit excavation,and labor forces clear the bottom of pit. Based on the actual condition of excavated culvert, foundation pit slope sets out is 1:0.33 or1:0.25. 10cm-20cm width shall be reserved for labor force cleaning. If the underground water in high level, a ring drain will be excavated around foundation pit. The top width of drain is 0.5m, and underpart is 0.3m; Onewater collection pit(0.5＊0.5＊0.8m3) shall be excavated if necessary.(3) Set Out and Blinding ConcreteAfter finishing foundation pit cleaning, the surface of pit shall be compacted. Then, commencing set out base location, dimensions and elevation,the results of which shall be reported to Engineer for inspection and approval. After that,casting100mm blinding concrete(15/40) in-situ. The top elevation of blinding concrete is the same with the bottom elevation of pile cap, which is under the requirement of specification. The width of blinding concrete is 0.05m larger than pier cap outline,which need strictly control during construction.(4)Reinforcing Bar EngineeringThe bearing platform foundation reinforcement is centralized blanking and processing. Concrete cushion block is applied between steel reinforcement and formwork to insure protective layer thickness under the design requirement.A, Steel Reinforcement Processinga, The test result of reinforcement steel shall be approved by the Engineer. All the steel bars shall have quality certificate.b, The steel surface shall be cleaned for oil spot , paint and rust pitting; the steel shall be straight without local bending. When cold drawing method adopted, Grade I steel cold drawn rate ≦2% ,and Grade II steel ≦1%. .c, Based on reasonable, economic and practical principle, steel blanking shall obey the requirement of drawings, and avoid processing large quantities of short steels. Reinforcement steel is processed in strip slab which is cast-in-place concrete(15/20concrete) slab with width 1.2m and length 20m. Steel will be marked by steel ruler or flexible ruler on strip slab, and processed by machine with settled bending angle.d, Connection of Steel Bar:to meet the requirement of lap length , lapped bar will be applied to main reinforcement.B, Others matters shall strictly adhere to the requirement of construction specification.(5)FormworkA,the formwork for bridge bearing platform(foundation) is bulk assemble split formwork. To ensure the joints smooth without joint trace, the steel plate for formwork is δ≮5mm (or fabricated formwork whose back arris is made by 1.22*2.44m wood glue board and lumps of wood).B, the stiffness,strength and stability of fromwork shall meet requirement. No formwork shall be applied to construction without inspection and approval.C,fromwork shall be shuttered by skilled labor at one time. In order to avoid leakage and insure concrete quality, the joint seam shall less than1.5mm, faulting of slab less than 1.5mm. Releasing agent shall be applied to reinforcement before installation.FORMWORKlumps of wood，gap 50[12u-bar orsteel tupeD, Formwork installation shall be tight. The joint shall be sealed in good condition to avoid spillage and ensure structure surface looks good, lines and shape smooth.E, the planimetric position, top elevation, joint and longitudinal stability shall be checked after formwork installation. Meanwhile, the length and planimetric position of embedded bar shall be checked. The concrete shall not be cast without the approval of Engineer. Formwork shall be inspected during casting in case out of shape.F, Formwork Dismantlement: concrete work shall not be damaged during dismantlement. Dismantlement shall follow the procedure of “support first dismantle afterward”, “dismantle first support afterward”, and formwork shall not be threw during removal. The dismantlement minimum period is according to the requirement of general specification clause 17-4.(6) Construction of Concrete WorkConcrete shall be mixed in mixing plant, measured by E-metrics and transport by truck, truck crane or concrete pump, and vibrated mechanically to avoid honeycombs and holes. Once forming continuous concrete casting shall be applied to concrete work without construction joint and seam. Test sample no less than 2groups.(7)Foundation Pit BackfillConcrete curing shall be at least 7 days after foundation concrete complete, then back-filling in layers when concrete strength meet requirement. Back-filling and compaction shall adhere to the standard specification.4, Thin-walled Pier, Bridge Beam and Wing-Walled Abutment Construction Technology Scheme(1)Reinforcing Bar EngineeringThe reinforcement of pier and abutment is centralized blanking and processing, and concrete cushion block will applied between reinforcement and formwork to insure the thickness of the protective layer and design requirement.A, Reinforcement Processinga,The test result of reinforcement steel shall be approved by the Engineer. All the steel bars shall have quality certificate.b, The steel surface shall be cleaned for oil spot , paint and rust pitting; the steel shall be straight without local bending. When cold drawing method adopted, Grade I steel cold drawn rate≦2% ,and Grade II steel ≦1% .c, Based on reasonable, economic and practical principle, steel blanking shall obey the requirement of drawings, and avoid processing large quantities of shortsteels. Reinforcement steel shall be processed in strip slab which is cast-in-place concrete(15/20concrete) slab with width 1.2m and length 20m. Steel shall be marked by steel ruler or flexible ruler on strip slab and processed by machine with settled bending angle.d, Connection of Steel BarTo meet the requirement of lap length, lapped bar will be applied to main reinforcement.B, Other matters need attention shall under the requirement of construction specification.(2) FormworkA,the formwork for pier is bulk assemble sheet steel form, and form for abutment is fabricated formwork whose back arris is made by wood glue board and lumps of wood. To ensure the joints smooth without joint trace, split billot turnover form method shall applied to construction, and casting length is 3-4m every time. Special-shaped form shall be prepared according to different pier and bridge mast, and the steel plate for formwork is δ≮5mm. Formwork shall be reinforced by steel framework.B, the stiffness,strength and stability of fromwork shall meet requirement. No formwork shall be applied to construction without inspection and approval.C,fromwork shall be shuttered by skilled labor at one time. In order to avoid leakage and insure concrete quality ,the joint seam no more than 1mm, faulting of slab shall follow the regulation of specification. Releasing agent should be applied to reinforcement before installation.D, To avoid form skew,outside of formwork shall be reinforced. The method of reinforcing form as follows: a, steel scaffold; b, mooring rope; c, split bolt and drawbar. Total station instruments or drop ball shall be used to check up foresaid form. Total station instrument shall applied to examine high pier concrete construction.Pier formwork reinforced as follows:cable wind rope metre steel chiselE, the installation of the formwork shall be tight. The joint shall be sealed in good condition to avoid leakage and ensure surface looks good, line and shape smooth.F, the planimetric position, top elevation, joint and longitudinal stability shall beexamined after formwork installation. Meanwhile, the length and planimetric position of embedded bar shall be checked. The concrete shall not be cast without the approval of Engineer. Formwork shall be inspected during casting in case out of shape.G, Formwork Dismantlement: concrete work shall not be damaged during dismantlement. Dismantlement shall follow the procedure of “support first dismantle afterward”, “dismantle first support afterward”, and formwork shall not be threw during removal. The dismantlement minimum time is according to the requirement of general specification clause 17-4.(4) Construction of Concrete WorkConcrete shall be centralized mixed and hardened in mixing plant, and stored according to different materials, and separated by brick wall. Mixed concrete shall be measured by E-metrics and transport by truck, truck crane or concrete pump, and vibrated mechanically to avoid honeycombs and holes. Pier body shall cast 2-4m every time, and construction joint and seam shall be remained. Test sample no less than 2groups.Staffs and equipment arrangement for each pier, abutment as follows:StaffsEquipment5, Attention of Bridge Substructure Concrete Construction(1)Concrete TransportConcrete transportation capability shall meet the requirement of concrete condensation rate and casting speed to ensure dispersion uniformity and regulated slump of concrete and continues casting. The loss of slump from mixing plant tocasting shall less than 25%.(2)Concrete CastingA, No concrete shall be cast before support, formwork, reinforcement and embedded part are checked and recorded and meet design requirement. Sundries and water of formwork and dirt of reinforcement shall be removed. Form crack shall be sealed, and releasing agent shall be applied to formwork. Concrete uniformity and slump shall be examined before casting.B, Concrete shall be cast layer by layer according to certain thickness, sequence and direction. The upper layer shall be cast at the beginning of lower layer solidification. Should both layers commenced casting at the same time, the distance of which remains more than 1.5m. If concrete casting on inclined plane, it shall started form low to upper section gradually and keeping horizontal slicing.Concrete casting thickness no more than 500mm, and no less than quadruple size of the biggest aggregate.(3)Cast-in-place concrete shall be vibrated by vibration rob, except few plasticity concrete which could vibrate to dense by labor force,The following regulations shall be followed while vibration rob applied to use.A, Plug-in vibration rob working space shall no more than 1.5time of its action radius, and shall keep 50-100mm from side form. The depth of rob plug in is 50-100mm. Rob shall be moved out slowly after finishing vibration to avoid impacting form, reinforcement and other embedded parts.B, The moving space of surface vibrator shall ensure vibration plate covering 100mm vibrated concrete.C, Concrete shall be vibrated to density for every part. The symbol of well vibrated concrete are no sinking and bubble, and surface of which is smooth and bleeding.(4) Concrete shall be cast continuously.If casting was interrupt for some reason, the period shall less than concrete initial curdle time or concrete retempering time of the front layer. The time of transporting, casting and break shall follow the requirement of the following form. Construction joint shall be reserved if time out ofregulation.(5) In process or after casting, water shall be drained away without stirring cast concrete if its bleeding in the surface of concrete. Measures shall be taken to avoid bleeding during continuous casting.Time for concrete transport, casting and break(Min)(6) the exposed surface of concrete shall be trimmed, troweled after finishing casting. Concrete shall be troweled again, and pressed polish or galled after concrete grout stabilized. Protection measures shall be taken if large surface exposed or bad weather condition happened. However, covering material shall not get in touch with concrete before its curing.(7) Specially-assigned person shall be arranged to check the stability of support, formwork, reinforcement and embedded parts etc, during casting. Any parts becoming loose,out of shape or shifting shall be fixed at once.(8) Construction record shall be made while casting concrete.6,Concrete Curing and Decoration(1) Concrete CuringA, As to concrete curing in site, the details of curing scheme shall be made and strictly adhere to according to construction works, environment, cement type, admixture and concrete performance.B, Concrete shall be covered and watered after contraction. Formwork shall keep wet during curing.C, the time of concrete curing and mixing is the same.D, concrete shall be cured 7days normally, and the period could prolong or shorten according to air humidity, temperature, cement types and admixture. Watering time shall be subject to the condition of keeping surface moist.E, Gunny bag covering and watering shall be applied to concrete curing.F, No pedestrian, transport machine and formwork shall be loaded before concrete strength reached to 2.5Mpa.(2)Concrete DecorationConcrete surface finish in different parts are dissimilar. The exposed surface without formwork shall be pressed polish and galled according to general specification if exposed surface without decoration. As to exposed surface with formwork shall install the same type formwork and apply the same release agent. Formwork shall be non-deforming, bright and clean without leakage. Any surface quality defect shall reported to relative department, and redecorating according to approval and indication.7, Access Road and Safety Insurance(1), In order to insure construction safety and against theft, 1.8-2.0m fence shall be set around construction site. Traffic sign, roadblock and speed bump shall be set at 10m and 50m of both ends of abutment. Access road shall be set on the right side and construction vehicles pass through the left side(facing Kakamega direction) ,which aimed to reduce traffic jam( see attached chart).(2), The construction team members shall be qualified and obey the construction rules. Mechanical equipment is forbidden to work with fault and overload operation. Sufficient lighting facility shall be equipment for night work.(3), For the electric equipment on the site and the power line shall be in charged by appointed electrician. The distributor shall be fixed with earth leakage protective device. And regular inspection shall be carried out.(4), Without the direction of appointed person, no vehicle shall be operated for construction.(5), Mixing plant shall be check to meet the requirement of specification before starting operation.(6), To prevent foundation pits collapse, all around pits shall be protected, and no heavy objects shall be stored around . Clear mark shall be set around pits in the night, such as colored lantern or lamp, to avoid accident happened.(7), Protecting net, safety belts, safety helmet,guard railing shall be equipment for Working high above the ground. Construction shall not carry out without protection measures.(8),The following vehicle anti-skidding measures shall be prepared during rain season: antiskid chain, paving aggregate or slag. Construction shall not carry out without protection measures.8, Quality Insurance(1) Construction action shall comply with the requirement of Kenya Road and Bridge Specification, the design drawing and bidding document.(2)To insure the quality of works,self-checking shall be made for each construction procedure. Each procedure shall be checked and examined by the Engineer.No following procedure shall be commenced without the approval of Engineer.(3) The surface of concrete structure shall smooth, vibrated to dense and without break crack leakage and honeycomb and scale.(4) No heavy materials shall be loaded on concrete or hit support during construction.(5) Embedded parts shall be stabilized. It is not allowed to hit embedded parts, other stabilized support or pole.9, Environment and Health Protection(1)Construction shall under the requirement of environment protection and pollution control law of Kenya. Measures shall be applied to prevent hazardous material of fuel,oil,sewage,scrap material and rubbish polluting rivers,pool,reservoir and farmland, air pollution from dust,petrol and noise pollution. Reducing construction influence to environment, air and resident to allowed limits. Production and living rubbish shall be stored in appointed location to avoid environment pollution.(2)Water system protection. No sand,mud is allowed to flow in river and pool. Drainage and rivers shall be dredged after construction complete.(3)The occupied rivers shall be cleaned to insure river water unblocked. Watering access road to reduce dust pollution.(4)Construction vehicles shall avoid passing through densely inhabited district. Operators shall control speed and strictly adhere to driving regulation to reduce dust pollution and avoid human injured if they have to.(5)Noisy construction shall under the regulated operation period in sensitive area.Km5+000-Mamboleo Bridge Substructure Construction ProgrammeThe bridge commences to construction on 1st Feb,2015 and substructure shall be completed on 8th April,2015,totally 66 work days. The detail arrangement as follows: 1, 1st February ,2015-28th February,205 Foundation construction, totally 28days2, 1st March,2015- 8th April,2015 substructure construction, totally 38days.。