第二章_FLOW-3D
FLOW-3D_Cast_v4_高压铸造训练教材
3
• 网格计算域范围
2.8. 导入金属材质
• 选择相应的材料，并点击加 载即可
流体初始条件
•定义初始金属液 1. 利用“域”定义初始化金属液
，利用stl 2. 设置初始金属液温度
2.9 热传递系数
液态金属与模具之间的热传递 系数
固态金属与模具之间的热传递 系数
2.10.数据输出
• 若需输出流场更多细节，如以每『1 s 』输出资料。 • 常需要输出的数据有模具温度和曲线
3.1 执行分析
•预处理：检查各项参数是否正确 •运行：先检查各项参数是否正确， 正确无误后开始执行分析。 •通常会先执行Preprocess Simulation，确定参数无误后，再执 行Run Simulation（除非设计人员确 认自己设定的参数完全没有问题）。
3.2 求解分析
•由于执行十个周期，所以图形会类 似上图，有十个『波』。 • 下方为分析过程记录，包含输出 分析所需时间
导入模具材质
• 选择相应的材料Steel H-13，并 点击载入即可 • 给定模具初始温度220度 •最大热穿透深度=0.0056 m
4. 载入结果和分析结果
软件提供两种后处理功能
1. 软件自带的后处理
2. Flowsight 后处理
4.1 软件自带后处理
• 选择结果，并输出所需数据 • 软件可以输出文本/曲线/二维/三维
模具稳态判据
• 从曲线判断当第九次周期时，模 具温度变化相近，可视为稳态
模具温度分布
输出3D结果 Iso-surface: complement of volume fraction Color variable: wall temperature
Cooling Channel Properties
FLOW3D原理及其详细水利工程实例展示
E2
Data: N. Rajaratnam and M.R. Chamani, J. Hydraulic Res. 33, p.373, (1995)
Comparison of TruVOF® with Two-Fluid VOF
fraction of fluid
0.00 0.17 0.33
TruVOF®
Part 2: 数值分析流程与方式建立
本次实例练习的目的：
1、创建模拟物体的几何结构； 2、划分网格，创建求解区域； 3、指定合适的边界条件； 4、输入流体特性； 5、激活需要的物理模型； 6、运行模拟； 7、分析计算结果；
标准的分析流程
输入图档 建立网格 输入成形条件 General Physics Pros 建立边界条件 给定初始条件 Preprocess Simulation Results
0.50
and vectors
0.67
fraction of fluid (vmax=3.65E+00)
0.83 1.00
0.00
0.17
Two-Fluid VOF
0.33 0.50 0.67
and vectors
(vmax=3.22E+00)
0.83 1.00
1.0
1.0
z
0.5
z
0.5
0.0 -0.70 -0.36 -0.02
如何用矩形網格描述複雜的形體?
FAVORR
利用 FAVOR 技术，使曲面造 型的 Model 也能够顺利的以矩 形网格加以描述，使W-3D 网格图档
FAVOR 对网格数量的影响
FLOW-3D 采用 FAVOR 技术，因此同样的几何造型（如 下图），FAVOR 仅需三层网格就可以描述得很精确，但 是传统的 FDM 技术必须以较多的网格数量才能够达到相 同的要求。
installation-instructions-flow3d-v10-1
CHAPTERTWOINSTALLATION FLOW-3D is supported on32or64bit Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.This section provides detailed instructions for installing FLOW-3D.2.1Pre-installationBefore beginning the installation,please obtain either a FLOW-3D licensefile or the IP address of a FLOW-3D license server.In order to issue a licensefile,Flow Science needs both the host name and the host ID of the machine that will run the license server software.When using a USB hardware key,please provide the FLEXID and the computer hostname to Flow Science at licenses@fl.When not using a hardware key,provide Flow Science the MAC address and the computer hostname.On Windows operating systems,the host name and MAC address can be found by opening the command prompt and entering ipconfig/allOn Linux operating systems,typing/sbin/ifconfig in a terminal window will provide the MAC address,under the heading“HW Addr.”The host name can be found by using the hostname command in a terminal window.When multiple ethernet cards are present,multiple MAC addresses may be listed.On Windows,the connected ethernet device or thefirst in the series is preferable.On Linux,eth0is usually best.If unsure which MAC address to use,please send a textfile or attach a screen capture with the output of the command,and the License Administrator will determine the best MAC to use.Once the host name and MAC address or FLEXID have been received,the License Administrator at Flow Science will send the licensefile(flow3d.lic)as an email attachment.It is an ASCII textfile with encryption codes that allow it to be used only on the computer for which it was generated.Check the licensefile to be sure that it contains the host name and HOSTID that matches the license server.FLOW-3D for Windows requires at least250MB of free disk space.More space is required to install optional software, such as MiniMagics.On Linux,at least430MB of free disk space is necessary.ProblemsAny questions or problems during the installation process?Please contact Flow Science’s support department by emailing support@fl or by calling(505)982-0088.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.02.1.1General Licensing TerminologyLicense Technology and TermsFLOW-3D uses the licensing package FlexNet Publisher,by Flexera Software.FlexNet enables FLOW-3D licenses to be shared across a network.More information about FlexNet and its tools can be found below under the FlexNet License Administration Tools section.A FlexNet License Administration Guide is available in the utilities subdirectory of the FLOW-3D installation.Flow Science will provide the FLOW-3D licensefile,named flow3d.lic.License Files and ServersA valid licensefile from Flow Science is required to use FLOW-3D.This licensefile will be sent as an email attachment from licenses@fl,Flow Science’s License Administrator.This licensefile must be saved in the licenses directory of the FLOW-3D installation on the“license server.”See further details on this below.FLOW-3D can be used on multiple computers.However,one computer must be selected to be the license server.If the computer chosen to be the license server will not actually be used to run FLOW-3D,then only the FlexNet license server needs to be installed on that machine.If the FlexNet license server will be installed on a Windows computer,a dongle that attaches to the USB port of the computer will be provided by Flow Science.This key is enclosed in the FLOW-3D package.TokensThe total number of FLOW-3D solver processes that can be run concurrently is determined by the number of“tokens”contained in the licensefile.The number of tokens available depends on how many were purchased.The license server checks tokens out to client computers on the network,and then checks them back in when the application has completed.In this process,tokens are counted by the license server and when all of the tokens purchased have been checked out,no more tokens can be checked out until a token which is in use has been checked in.There are essentially an unlimited number of tokens available to run FLOW-3D‘s auxiliary programs such as the preprocessor,the postprocessor,and the various visualization options.There are several different types of solver tokens.The most important distinction is between“serial”solver tokens and“parallel”solver tokens.Flow Science offers multi-processor versions of FLOW-3D for both shared-memory (SMP)and distributed-memory(cluster)environments.A shared memory parallel solver token(shown in the li-censefile as“hydr3dp”)enables FLOW-3D simulations using more than one processor on a multiprocessor computer. For the distributed-memory version,FLOW-3D/MP,a hydr3d or hydr3dp instance token is required as well as hydr3dmpi rank tokens.For example,to run a simulation on16processors using FLOW-3D/MP,the licensefile must have a hydr3d token and15hydr3dmpi tokens.Unless tokens were purchased for one of the multi-processor versions,the licensefile will contain one or more serial solver tokens hydr3d.These serial solver tokens can be used on computers running any supported operating system. Definition of Client and License ServerAny computer running FLOW-3D is referred to as a“client.”The computer on which the FlexNet license server is installed will be referred to as the“license server.”A computer that runs both FLOW-3D and the license server is denoted by“client/server.”FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.0“Software Package”and“Software Distribution”The terms“software package”and“software distribution”will be used to refer to the directory structure containing all of the datafiles and executables needed to run FLOW-3D on a particular computer.Floating vs.Node-Locked LicensesThere are two general types of licenses used to enable FLOW-3D:“floating”and“node-locked.”Afloating license is the most common type of license and is available to any computer on the network.Flow Science can also provide a node-locked license.Node-locked licenses can only be used on the designated computer.Bothfloating and node-locked licensing schemes require that one computer be designated as the license server. Floating LicensesTo usefloating licenses,it is important that both the network and the computer intended for use as the license server are reliable.The TCP/IP protocol must be loaded and functional,and all intended clients must be able to access the license server.Floating licenses may also be accessed through a VPN tunnel.The computer that is acting as the license server may be any computer on the network,and does not need to have FLOW-3D installed.The license server may be a Windows or a Linux ers may load FLOW-3D on any client running a supported Linux or Windows computer on the network.A hardware key is not needed on a client computer unless it uses a node-locked license.Running FLOW-3D on a stand-alone computer To employ afloating license on a single computer,FLOW-3D should be installed with the client/server option.Running FLOW-3D over a network The license server and the clients may reside on the same local area network, over a WAN,or across VPN.FLOW-3D must be installed locally on each client.Node-Locked LicensesUsers may choose to have their solver tokens locked to a particular computer so that only that computer can run the solver.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.0Advantages and Disadvantages of Floating and Node-Locked LicensesBothfloating and node-locked licensing schemes have their advantages and disadvantages.Afloating license is ad-vised if several people are sharing a license,or it may be necessary to run FLOW-3D on a different computer if a particular computer is busy.With afloating license,a problem can be set up on one computer while using another to run the FLOW-3D solver on a second problem.If other machines or problems are using all available tokens,the solver will not run until a token becomes available.The main advantage of a node-locked license is the ability to ensure that token(s)are always available to a specific machine and not available to others on the network.Note:All licenses arefloating licenses unless specifically requested as node-locked.2.1.2FlexNet License Administration ToolsFlexera Software provides utilities for users or local license administrators to manage FlexNet licensing activities.The FlexNet End User Manual is available in the“utilities”subdirectory of the FLOW-3D installation.This manual is available in both PDF and HTML formats.For Windows computers,the program lmtools.exe is provided with all installations.With LMTOOLS,users can start,stop and configure FlexNet license servers,get system information, get server information,and more.For more information,please see Chapter12of FlexNet End User Manual.On Windows computers,the license manager daemon lmgrd will restart automatically whenever the computer is rebooted.On Linux computers,however,the license manager must be started each time the computer is rebooted.To have the license manager start automatically on Linux requires editing the appropriate boot script and inserting the appropriate startup commands.See Section6.2of the FlexNet End User Manual for more information.A summary of commonly used administration tools on Linux is included here.Full descriptions of these and other available utilities can be found in Chapter12of the FlexNet manual.lmdiag–diagnoses license checkout eful debugging command:lmutil lmdiag-n-c"full_license_file_path"lmdown–gracefully shuts down all license daemons on the license server node.lmgrd–the main daemon program for FlexNet.lmhostid–reports the HOSTID of a system.lmreread–causes the license daemon to reread the licensefile and start any new vendor daemons.lmstat–helps monitor the status of all network licensing eful debugging command:lmutil lmstat-a-c"full_license_file_path"lmver–reports the FlexNet version of a library or binaryfile.Note:It is not recommended to use“kill–9”to shut down the license server on Linux computers.Please use either “lmdown”or use the“kill”command without the“-9”parameter.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.02.1.3Moving License ServersWhen afloating license is locked to afixed host ID,such as an Ethernet address or host ID,it is recommended that users choose a server which is likely to be used for the duration of the license.Changing license servers can be done once a year without incurring a re-licensing fee.Re-licensing fees are not necessary(maximum one change per year) when users use a USB or parallel port hardware key(dongle)as their host ID.To move the dongle(and hence license server)to a different computer,the user simply needs to change thefirst line in the licensefile to reflect the computer name change.For example,if the license server was previously running on a server named Celsius and will be moved to Kelvin,thefirst line in the licensefile would be changed from:to2.2Windows InstallationNote:Administrator privileges are necessary to install FLOW-3D under Windows XP,Windows Vista,and Windows 7.Before installing FLOW-3D,please should close all other running programs.CD-ROM optionWhen installing from a FLOW-3D CD-ROM,if Autorun is enabled on the CD-ROM drive,the installation should begin when the CD is inserted.If Autorun is not enabled,or if the installation process does not begin on its own, please run the setup.exe program in the root directory of the CD.This can be done using the Run command under the Start button or by double-clicking on setup.exe in Windows Explorer.ISOfile optionThe ISOfile can be burned to a writable CD using the included isoburner.exe utility.Installation can be started from the resulting CD as described above for the CD-ROM option.Singlefile.EXE optionThe installation can be started from the downloaded setup.exefile.Installation is as described below.All options1.On Windows Vista or Windows7operating systems,a User Account Control dialog,similar to the one below,will appear.The“Verified publisher”entry confirms that the FLOW-3D installer has been digitally signed by Flow Science,Inc.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.02.Next,the Preparing to Install dialog will be displayed.It requires no user input and will disappear after severalseconds.3.The next dialog to appear is the Welcome screen.Click Next to continue.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.04.The next dialog is the FLOW-3D end user license agreement.Please read it carefully.If all the terms areacceptable,click the Next button to signify agreement and move to the next dialog.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.05.This dialog collects user information.Enter user and company names and click Next to move forward.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.06.Now the install location can be chosen.The default directory can be used,or FLOW-3D can be installed to aspecific directory.As noted,directory names with spaces should be avoided.Once the location is chosen,click Next.FLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.07.The installation options are shown.Choose Client/Server if this computer should contain both the FLOW-3Dsoftware and the license server software.Choose Client if the license server software is running on a different computer on the network.Server installs only the license server components on this computer.A Client install would then be required for machines that will connect to this license server.8.If the Client/Server or Server installation option was chosen in the previous step,this dialog will appear.Thischoice determines the appropriate drivers.The USB dongle or Don’t know options install special drivers for the FlexLM USB key.9.If the Client installation option was chosen,this dialog will be shown.It allows an IPv4address to be specifiedfor the license server.If unknown,this can be found by opening the command prompt and entering ipconfig/all on the license server machine.10.If a license server is being installed,FLOW-3D will ask to temporarily shut down any existing license servers.This allows the FLOW-3D license as well as FlexLM licenses from other vendors to be served.If no other software that uses FlexLM licensing is running,including older versions of FLOW-3D,this can be safely skipped.11.FLOW-3D is now ready to install.12.The FLOW-3D installer now copies the necessaryfiles.13.After the appropriatefiles are copied,the installation is complete.14.After installation,an opportunity is presented to explore new features.15.The FLOW-3D and LMTOOLS icons should now appear on the Windows desktop.LMTOOLS allows forinteraction with local or remote license servers.16.Also,there will be a new Program Group in the Windows Start Menu.2.3Linux InstallationCD-ROM optionWhen installing from a FLOW-3D CD-ROM,the Linux installationfiles are found in the unix subdirectory.ISOfile optionThe ISOfile can be burned to a writable CD using Xfburn or another Linux utility.It could also be mounted using appropriate Linux software.Installationfiles are as described for the CD-ROM option.Tarball downloadThe installationfiles can be extracted from flow3d.tar.gz in a terminal window,using the command gunzip flow3d.tar.gz.The resulting tarfile can then be unpacked into any directory on thefilesystem.First,use mv to move the tarball to the directory chosen,then use tar-xvfflow3d.tar to unpack thefiles.All optionsOnce in the directory where the installationfiles exist,or to which they have been unpacked,the script install can be run.A preceding dotslash may be necessary depending on the Linux distribution(IE,./install);by default,thisfile is executable.FLOW-3D is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux4,5,and6,and on SUSE Linux Enterprise10and11.It may also install on other distributions,but due to potential library and package differences,Flow Science cannot provide technical assistance.For SUSE Linux Client/Server or Server installations,the lsb package is required.If it is not found,the installation displays information to that effect.2.3.1Installing a New/Replacement License FileOn Windows1.When a new or replacement flow3d.lic is received from the License Administrator,place it into the licensessubdirectory found within the directory where FLOW-3D was installed.2.Start the LMTOOLS utility,from either this directory,the shortcut on the desktop,or the icon in the Start Menu.Click the Start/Stop/Reread tab.Verify that the licensefile is in the correct location by checking the directory shown(highlighted in thefigure below).If correct,click the ReRead License File button(also highlighted).2.4License AgreementThis End-User License Agreement(the“Agreement”)is between You and Flow Science,Inc.,a New Mexico cor-poration(“Licensor”).This Agreement authorizes You,on a nonexclusive and nontransferable basis,to use a copy of FLOW-3D(the“Software”)and related documentation subject to the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement. By installing the Software,You are signifying Your agreement to the terms of this Agreement.1.The Software is licensed to You on the basis of commercial terms specified in a separate executed agreementbetween Licensor and You(or the entity that has authorized Your use of FLOW-3D for your work,research or study).Said agreement governs,among other things,the number of allowed concurrent instances of the FLOW-3D solver,price,license duration,and rights to technical support and upgrades.IF YOU ARE AN ACADEMIC USER,YOU AGREE TO RESTRICT YOUR USE OF THE SOFTW ARE STRICTLY TO TEACHING,TO ACADEMIC AND/OR UNSPONSORED RESEARCH,OR TO SPON-SORED RESEARCH THAT CAN AND WILL BE FREELY PUBLISHED WITH NO PROPRIETARY RE-STRICTIONS.2.In connection with the License granted herein,Licensor will issue to Licensee one or more electronic licensefiles which shall be tied to either a FLEXlm®dongle or to the Ethernet address of a designated server.Such licensefiles will enable the running of the Software’s preprocessor and postprocessor,as well as control the number of instances(“solver tokens”)of the Software’s solver module to be consistent with the commercial terms of the agreement between Flow Science and You.You agree not to take any steps to avoid or defeat the purpose of such licensing e of the Software without a licensefile,or in excess of the use authorized by a licensefile issued by Licensor is prohibited.3.If arrangements for technical support have been made,only a person designated as a“Registered User”,orpersons who have attended a FLOW-3D Training Class,will be entitled to contact Licensor or its locally-authorized representative to seek technical support.Technical support may be provided via telephone,web-based meetings,e-mail,fax,and/or mail.If You are an academic user,technical support is limited to the following:(a)Licensor will provide User withsoftware upgrades when they become available;(b)Licensor will assist in installation of the code and will answer questions about how to use the input variables to implement the various models in FLOW-3D;(c)at its option,Licensor will analyze results that appear obviously incorrect because they don’t seem to reproduce simple analytical results or expected conservation laws;(d)Licensor will also provide access to a number of subroutines to allow users to implement small changes to FLOW-3D,including boundary conditions and material properties;(e)Licensor will not assist in the making of revisions or customizations to the Software. 4.This Software,FLOW-3D,and its documentation are the property of Flow Science,Inc.You recognize that theSoftware is subject to the copyright laws of the United States of America and embodies technology,methods, algorithms,trade secrets,trademarks,and service marks that are proprietary to the Licensor.The Software is licensed,not sold.No title to or ownership of the Software or any part thereof is hereby transferred to You.You acknowledge that,by virtue of this Agreement,You acquire only the right to use the Software pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.You agree to take all necessary action to protect the confidential and proprietary information in the Software to avoid the disclosure of the contents of the Software to any other person,firm, or corporation,and to treat the Software with the same degree of care that You provides Your own confiden-tial information.Due credit to Flow Science,Inc.and the Software must accompany any written or verbal presentation of results obtained using the Software.You may use the Software only as expressly permitted in this Agreement.You may not:(i)sell,assign,dis-tribute,nor market the Software or any portions thereof without prior written consent of Licensor;(ii)copy the Software(except for one archival copy for backup purposes),but You may reproduce related documentation;(iii)decompile,disassemble,or otherwise reverse engineer the Software;(iv)publish the Software for others to copy;or(v)use the Software in any way that is against the law or contrary to the terms of this Agreement.No assignments of rights or interest or delegation of duties under this Agreement shall be made or become ef-fective without the prior written consent of Licensor.Any attempt at assignment or delegation of this Agreement without the prior written consent of Licensor shall be wholly void and ineffective for all purposes.The Software is subject to United States export laws and regulations.You must comply with all domestic and international export laws and regulations that apply to the Software.These laws include restrictions on destinations,end users and end use.5.This Agreement shall terminate immediately upon Your failure to conform to any term,condition,or restrictionof this Agreement;and Licensor shall have the immediate right,without notice,to repossess the Software,any copies thereof and all related documentation.In addition,Licensor shall have all other remedies and damages available to it in law or equity.Licensor is entitled to reimbursement from You for any expenses,legal fees, and/or court costs incurred in the enforcement of its rights hereunder or in the collection of damages.Upon termination of the license,You will return or destroy all copies of the Software,in any form,in its possession.If You elect to destroy all copies of the Software,You shall provide Licensor with a certificate attesting to the destruction.6.The Licensor warrants that it has the right to grant to You a license and warrants that the Software does notinfringe third party intellectual property rights.Licensor shall indemnify and hold You harmless from and against any claim of infringement of a United States patent or copyright based upon the Software,provided You gives Licensor prompt notice of and the opportunity to defend any such claim.Licensor shall have the right to settle such claim or,at Licensor’s option,provide You:(i)a paid-up license;(ii)substitute functionally equivalent software;or(iii)a refund of a pro rata portion of the license fee paid for the Software.7.The warranty and the obligation and liability of Licensor expressed in the preceding paragraph are in lieuof,and YOU HEREBY WAIVE,ALL OTHER GUARANTEES AND W ARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES OF LICENSOR HEREUNDER,EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,ARISING BY LAW OR OTHERWISE,INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED W ARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY AND ALL OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES WITH RESPECT TO USE OF THE SOFTW ARE OR USE OF RESULTS AND DATA DERIVED FROM SUCH USE, LOSS OF USE,DATA,REVENUE,OR PROFIT,OR INDIRECT,SPECIAL,PUNITIVE,OR CONSEQUEN-TIAL DAMAGES.You agree that the obligations of Licensor as set forth herein shall constitute the sole remedyFLOW-3D Documentation,Release10.1.0 for a claim relating in any way to the Software provided under this Agreement.The liability of Licensor shallin all cases be limited to the purchase price of the Software.8.Licensor takes certain steps to attempt to minimize unauthorized use and piracy of the Software.In this context,the Software may include a security mechanism that can detect the installation or use of illegal copies of the Software,and collect and transmit data about those illegal copies.Data collected will not include any customer data created with the Software.By using the Software,You consent to such detection and collection of data,as well as its transmission and use if an illegal copy is detected.9.Licensor shall have the right,upon reasonable notice to You,to audit Your use of the Software no more thanonce each calendar year to assure compliance with the terms of the agreement between Flow Science and You.If an audit reveals that You have underpaid license fees to Licensor by overuse of solver tokens,You shall agree to compensate Licensor based upon Licensor‘s price list in effect at the time the audit is completed.If the underpaid fees exceed5%of the license fees previously paid by You,then You shall also pay Licensor’s reasonable cost of conducting the audit.10.The parties’exercise of,or failure to exercise,any right,remedy,or privilege under this Agreement will notconstitute a waiver of any rights of that party under this Agreement.11.A judicial determination that any provision of this Agreement is invalid,illegal,or unenforceable shall not affectthe enforceability of any other provision.12.You acknowledge and agree that You(and any third party acting on Your behalf)may provide,and Licensor(and third parties acting on behalf of Licensor)may obtain,certain information and data with respect to You (including,without limitation,personal information)and Your business in connection with this Agreement,in-cluding,without limitation,information and data provided to or obtained by Licensor(or third parties acting on behalf of Licensor)through a Customer Information Form and otherwise,in connection with ordering,reg-istration,activation,updating,validating entitlement to,auditing,monitoring installation of and access to the Software.You hereby consent to Licensor maintaining,using and storing such information and data(including, without limitation,personal information,if any)for such purposes.Without limitation of the generality of the foregoing,You acknowledge and agree that:(a)Licensor may from time to time provide information and data, including,without limitation,information and data about Licensee’s use of the Software,to Licensor’s affiliated and unaffiliated distributors;and(b)Licensor may make cross-border transfers of such information and data, including to jurisdictions with privacy or data protection laws that are less protective of You than the jurisdiction in which You are domiciled.You acknowledge and agree that such policies may be changed from time to time by Licensor.13.Licensor reserves the right,without limitation,and without obtaining prior approval from or notice to You,tomake changes in and to the Software.14.This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States and theState of New Mexico,as applied to agreements entered into and to be performed entirely within New Mexico between New Mexico residents without reference to conflict of laws.This Agreement and the performance of the Parties required hereunder shall not be governed by or otherwise subject to the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods.Any civil suit or proceeding relating to this agreement shall be brought only in U.S.Federal District Court or State District Court within the State of New Mexico,and each of the Parties consent to the personal jurisdiction and venue of such courts.Judgment upon any award made in such proceeding may be entered and enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction.15.Absent Licensor’s express written acceptance thereof,terms and conditions contained in any purchase orderor other communication–whether oral or written–issued by You for the Software,other than the quantity or classification of the Software ordered,shall not be binding on Licensor to the extent that such terms and conditions are additional to or inconsistent with those contained in this Agreement.Any modifications to this Agreement must be in writing and signed by authorized representatives of both parties.。
FLOW-3D安装说明
1.1 FLOW-3D LICENSE AGREEMENTThis License Agreement (the “Agreement”) is between You and Flow Science, Inc., a New Mexico corporation ("Licensor"). This Agreement authorizes You, on a nonexclusive and nontransferable basis, to use a copy of FLOW-3D (the "Code") and related documentation subject to the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement. By installing the Code, you are signifying Your agreement to the terms of this Agreement. 1.The Code is licensed to You on the basis of commercial terms specified in an agreement betweenLicensor and You (or the entity that has authorized Your use of FLOW-3D for your work, research or study). Said agreement governs such terms as number of licenses for the FLOW-3D solver, price, license term, right to technical support and upgrades, and so on. IF YOU ARE AN ACADEMIC USER, YOU AGREE TO RESTRICT YOUR USE OF THE CODE STRICTLY TO TEACHING, TO ACADEMIC AND/OR UNSPONSORED RESEARCH, OR TO SPONSORED RESEARCH THAT CAN AND WILL BE FREELY PUBLISHED WITH NO PROPRIETARY RESTRICTIONS.2.In connection with the License granted herein, Licensor shall license to You a user authorization device,such as a hardware key or a license file (hereinafter referred to as "Key"), to be shared by all processors that can access the Code on Your network. You agree that the number of simultaneous simulations using the Code’s solver module shall not exceed the number of Keys licensed to You in accordance with the FLOW-3D Purchase Agreement. Title to each Key will remain with Licensor, and You shall assist Licensor in reclaiming such Keys in the event of Your breach of this Agreement. If Your copy of the Code must be replaced for any reason, except for the replacement of defective media or software errors, there shall be a replacement fee not to exceed $500.00. If a Key is lost, Licensor will provide a replacement Key at Licensor’s then current fee for a replacement Key. Additional Keys may be provided to You at Licensor’s then current fees.3.If arrangements for technical support have been made, only a person designated as a “Registered User,”or persons who have attended a FLOW-3D Training Class, will be entitled to contact Licensor to seek technical support. Licensor may provide technical support via telephone, e-mail, fax, and/or mail to You during the License period.4.If You are an academic user, technical support is limited to the following: (a) Licensor will provide Userwith software upgrades when they become available; (b) Licensor will assist in installation of the code and will answer questions about how to use the input variables to implement the various models in the Code; (c) at its option, Licensor will analyze results that appear obviously incorrect because they don’t seem to reproduce simple analytical results or expected conservation laws; (d) Licensor will also provide access to a number of subroutines to allow users to implement small changes to the Code, including boundary conditions and material properties; (e) Licensor will not assist in the making of revisions or customizations to the Code.5.This Code, FLOW-3D, and its documentation are the property of Flow Science, Inc. You recognize thatthe Code is subject to the copyright laws of the United States of America and embodies technology, methods, algorithms, trade secrets, trademarks, and service marks that are proprietary to the Licensor. No title to or ownership of the Code or any part thereof is hereby transferred to You. You acknowledge that, by virtue of this Agreement, You acquire only the right to use the Code pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. You agree to take all necessary action to protect the confidential and proprietary information in the Code, including appropriate instruction and agreement with its employees, to avoid the disclosure of the contents of the Code to any other person, firm, or corporation, and to treat the Code with the same degree of care that it provides its own confidential information. You agree to credit FLOW-3D when presenting results derived from the Code.6.You, your employees, agents or representatives: (i) shall not sell, assign, distribute, nor market the Codeor any portions thereof without prior written consent of Licensor; (ii) shall not copy the Code (except for one archival copy for backup purposes), but You may reproduce related documentation; or (iii) shall not decompile, disassemble, or otherwise reverse engineer the Code. Use, duplication, or disclosure of the Code is restricted under the conditions of this Agreement and/or the provisions of FAR 52.227 and DFARS 252.227-7013, as may be amended or superseded.7.No sublicensing, assignments of rights or interest, or delegation of duties under this agreement shall bemade or become effective without the prior written consent of Licensor. This prohibition of sublicensing, assignment, and delegation extends to all sublicensing, assignments and delegations that may be lawfully prohibited by this Agreement. Any attempt at sublicensing, assignment, or delegation without the prior written consent of Licensor shall be wholly void and ineffective for all purposes.8.At the termination of the license, You will return or destroy all copies of the Code, in any form, in itspossession. If You elect to destroy all copies of the Code, You shall provide Licensor with a certificate attesting to the destruction.9.The Licensor warrants that it has the right to grant to You a license and warrants that the Code does notinfringe third party intellectual property rights. Licensor shall indemnify and hold You harmless from and against any claim of infringement of a United States patent or copyright based upon the Code, provided You gives Licensor prompt notice of and the opportunity to defend any such claim. Licensor shall have the right to settle such claim or, at Licensor’s option, provide You: (i) a paid-up license; (ii) substitute functionally equivalent software; or (iii) a refund of a pro rata portion of the license fee paid for the Code.10.The warranty and the obligation and liability of Licensor expressed in the Agreement are in lieu of, andYOU HEREBY WAIVE, ALL OTHER GUARANTEES AND WARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES OF LICENSOR HEREUNDER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, ARISING BY LAW OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY AND ALL OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES WITH RESPECT TO USE OF THE CODE OR USE OF RESULTS AND DATA DERIVED FROM SUCH USE, LOSS OF USE, DATA, REVENUE, OR PROFIT, OR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. You agree that the obligations of Licensor as set forth herein shall constitute the sole remedy for a claim relating in any way to the Code provided under this Agreement. The liability of Licensor shall in all cases be limited to the purchase price of the Code.11.The parties’ exercise of, or failure to exercise, any right, remedy, or privilege under this Agreement willnot constitute a waiver of any rights of that party under this Agreement.12.A determination that any provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable shall not affectthe enforceability of any other provision.13.This Agreement shall terminate immediately upon Your failure to conform to any term, condition, orrestriction of this Agreement; and Licensor shall have the immediate right, without notice, to repossess the Code, any copies thereof and all related documentation. All sums paid pursuant to the Agreement shall be retained by Licensor as liquidated damages as damages cannot be reasonably ascertained. In addition, Licensor shall have all other remedies and damages available to it in law or equity. Licensor is entitled to reimbursement from You for any expenses, legal fees, and/or court costs incurred in the enforcement of its rights hereunder or in the collection of damages.14.Licensor reserves the right, without limitation, and without obtaining prior approval from or notice toYou, to make changes in and to the Code.15.This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States andthe State of New Mexico, as applied to agreements entered into and to be performed entirely within New Mexico between New Mexico residents without reference to conflict of laws. This Agreement and theperformance of the Parties required hereunder shall not be governed by or otherwise subject to the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods. Any civil suit or proceeding relating to this agreement shall be brought only in U.S. Federal District Court or State District Court within the State of New Mexico, and each of the Parties consent to the personal jurisdiction and venue of such courts.Judgment upon any award made in such proceeding may be entered and enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction.16.Licensor shall not be liable or in default under this Agreement for failing to perform if such failure resultsfrom acts of God or other reasonable causes beyond the control of Licensor.17.Absent Licensor’s express written acceptance thereof, terms and conditions contained in any purchaseorder or other communication—whether oral or written—issued by You for the Code, other than the quantity or classification of the Code ordered, shall not be binding on Licensor to the extent that such terms and conditions are additional to or inconsistent with those contained in this Agreement. Any modifications to this Agreement must be in writing and signed by authorized representatives of both parties. In the event of any conflict between the terms stated herein and the terms of a written, executed License Agreement between You and Licensor, the terms of the written, executed License Agreement shall prevail.1.2.2 Moving License ServersWhen a floating license is locked to a fixed host ID, such as an Ethernet address or host ID, it is recommended that users choose a server which is likely to be used for the duration of the license. Changing fixed host IDs during your license term may incur a re-licensing fee. Re-licensing fees are not necessary (maximum one year) when users utilize a USB or parallel port hardware key (dongle) as their host ID. To move the dongle (and hence license server) to a different computer, the user simply needs to change the first line in their license file to reflect the computer name change. For example, if the license server was previously running on a server named Celsius and you wish to move it to Kelvin, you would change the first line in the license file from:SERVER Celsius FLEXID= “your ID”toSERVER Kelvin FLEXID= “your ID”Installations1.2.3 NewWindows Vista/XP InstallationsNote: You must have Administrator privileges to install FLOW-3D under Windows XP/Vista. Before installing FLOW-3D, you should close all other programs that might be running on your computer.Step One—The installation of FLOW-3D on a computer running Windows is a relatively automated process. If Autorun is enabled on your CD-ROM drive, the installation should begin when the CD is inserted. If Autorun is not enabled or if, for some reason, the installation process does not begin on its own, simply run the setup.exe program in the root directory of the CD. This can be done by either running it from the Run command under the Start button or by double-clicking on setup.exe in Windows Explorer. Once you have started setup.exe, you will see the Preparing to Install dialog displayed on the screen. This dialog requires no user input and will be gone after several seconds.Step Two—The next dialog you will see is the Welcome dialog. Click Next to move to the next step.Step Three—The next dialog is the FLOW-3D License Agreement. Please read it carefully. If you agree to all the terms, click the Next button to signify your agreement and move to the next dialog.Step Four—The next dialog is the User Information dialog Enter your name and the company name here, and then click Next to move to the next step.Step Five—On the next dialog, choose a destination location for FLOW-3D on your computer. The default location for FLOW-3D is c:\flow3d\”version” where “version” represents the version being installed.If a license server is currently running in the selected installation directory, a dialog will appear which will assist you in terminating this license server easily. If the license server is not terminated, a reboot will be required to complete the installation.Step Six—The Choose an Installation Option dialog box appears next:1.2 INSTALLATIONDetailed information on new installations of FLOW-3D is given below in New Installations. Help with upgrade installations for FLOW-3D is given below in Upgrade Installations. Instructions for installing a new or replacement license file is contained in Installing a New/Replacement License File.1.2.1 General Licensing MattersLicense Technology and TermsFLOW-3D uses the licensing package FLEX lm,by Acresso Software. FLEX lm enables FLOW-3D licenses to be shared across a network. More information about FLEX lm and its tools can be found below under FLEX lm License Administration Tools. A FLEX lm end-user manual is available in the “utilities” subdirectory of the installation. Flow Science will provide you with a FLOW-3D license file, named flow3d.lic.License Files and ServersA valid license file from Flow Science is required to use FLOW-3D. This license file will be sent to you as an email attachment from licenses@, Flow Science’s License Administrator. As described in later portions of these instructions, this license file must be saved in a FLOW-3D directory on a computer you choose to be your "license server."FLOW-3D can be used on multiple computers on your network. However, one computer must be selected to be the license server. If the computer you choose to be the license server will not actually be used to run FLOW-3D, then only the FLEX lm license server needs to be installed on it.If you plan to install the FLEX lm license server on a Windows computer, a dongle that attaches to the parallel or USB port of your computer will be provided by Flow Science. This key should have been enclosed in your FLOW-3D package.TokensThe total number of FLOW-3D solver processes that you can run concurrently is determined by the number of "tokens" contained in your license file. The number of tokens available depends on how many were purchased. The license server checks tokens out to client computers on your network, and then checks them back in when the application has completed. In this process, tokens are counted by the license server and when the total number of tokens that you have purchased has been reached, no more tokens can be checked out until a used token is checked back in.There are essentially an unlimited number of tokens available to run FLOW-3D’s auxiliary programs such as the preprocessor, the postprocessor, and the various visualization options.There are several different types of solver tokens. The most important distinction is between "serial" solver tokens and "parallel" solver tokens. Flow Science offers multi-processor versions of FLOW-3D for both shared-memory (SMP) and distributed-memory (cluster) environments. A shared memory parallel solver token (shown in your license file as “hydr3dp”) enables you to run FLOW-3D simulations using more than one processor on a multiprocessor computer. For the distributed-memory version (FLOW-3D/MP), a hydr3d or hydr3dp instance token is required as well as hydr3dmpi rank tokens. For example, to run a simulation on 16 processors using FLOW-3D/MP, the license file must have a hydr3d or hydr3dp token and 15 hydr3dmpi tokens.Unless you have purchased tokens for one of the multi-processor versions, your license file will contain one or more serial solver tokens (“hydr3d”). These serial solver tokens can be used on either single-processor or multiple-processor computers running any supported operating system.Definition of Client and License ServerAny computer running FLOW-3D is referred to as a “client.” The computer on which the FLEX lm license server is installed will be referred to as the “license server.” A computer that runs both FLOW-3D and the license server is called a “client/server.”“Software Package” and “Software Distribution”The terms “software package” and “software distribution” will be used to refer to the directory structure containing all of the data files and executables needed to run FLOW-3D on a particular computer. Floating vs. Node-Locked LicensesThere are two general types of licenses used to enable FLOW-3D: "floating" and "node-locked." A floating license is the most common type of license and is available to any computer on your network. You can also ask for your license to be a node-locked license. Node-locked licenses can only be used on the designated computer.Both floating and node-locked licensing schemes require that one computer be designated as the license server.Floating LicensesTo utilize floating licenses, it is important that both the computer you intend to use as your license server and your network are reliable. The TCP/IP protocol must be loaded and functional, and all intended clients must be able to access the license server. Floating licenses may also be accessed through a VPN tunnel.The computer that is acting as your license server may be any computer on your network, and that computer does not need to have FLOW-3D installed on it. The license server may be a Windows or a Linux computer.. You may load FLOW-3D on any client with a supported Linux or Windows computer on your network. A hardware key is not needed on a client computer unless it utilizes a node-locked license.Running FLOW-3D on a stand-alone computerTo employ a floating license on a single computer, select the client/server option.Running FLOW-3D over a networkThe license server and the clients may reside on the same local area network, over a WAN, or across VPN. FLOW-3D must be installed on each locally on each client.Node-Locked LicensesUsers may choose to have their solver tokens locked to a particular computer so that only that computer can run the solver.Advantages and DisadvantagesBoth floating and node-locked licensing schemes have their advantages and disadvantages. A floating license is advised if several people are sharing a license, or if you want to be able to run FLOW-3D on a different computer if a particular computer is busy. With a floating license, you can also setup a problem on one computer while using another to run the FLOW-3D solver on a second problem. Of course, if others are using all available tokens, the solver won't run until a token becomes available. The main advantage of a node-locked license is the ability to insure that your token(s) are always available to you and not available to others on your network.Note: All licenses are floating licenses unless specifically requested as node-locked.FLEX lm License Administration ToolsAcresso Software provides utilities for you (or your license administrator) to help manage FLEX lm licensing activities.A FLEX lm End User Manual is available in the "utilities" subdirectory of the distribution. This manual is available in both PDF and HTML format. The PDF file can be read using Adobe Acrobat. For Windows computers, a program (lmtools.exe) is provided with all installations. With LMTOOLS, you can start, stop and configure FLEX lm license servers, get system information, get server information, and more. For more information, see Section 7.16 of FLEX lm End User Manual.On Windows computers, the license manager daemon (lmgrd) will restart automatically whenever the computer is rebooted. On Linux computers, however, you will have to start the license manager each time the computer is rebooted. To have the license manager start automatically on Linux requires editing the appropriate boot script and inserting the appropriate startup commands. See Section 6.2 of the FLEX lm End User Manual for more information.A summary of commonly used administration tools on Linux is included here. Full descriptions of these and other available utilities can be found in Chapter 7 of the FLEX lm manual.lmdiag – diagnoses license checkout problems.(Useful debugging command: lmutil lmdiag –n –c full_license_file_path )lmdown – gracefully shuts down all license daemons on the license server node.lmgrd – the main daemon program for FLEX lm.lmhostid – reports the hostid of a system.lmreread – causes the license daemon to reread the license file and start any new vendor daemons.lmstat – helps you monitor the status of all network licensing activities.(Useful debugging command: lmutil lmstat -a -c full_license_file_path )lmver – reports the FLEX lm version of a library or binary file.Note: It is not recommended to use "kill –9" to shut down the license server on Linux computers.Either use "lmdown" or use the "kill" command without the "-9" parameter.Option 1—"Client/Server" -- Choose the first option if you intend to run FLOW-3D on this computer and you want this computer to control your FLOW-3D licenses (that is, act as the license server) for use on other computers across a network. This situation is reflected below:Be sure to copy your FLOW-3D license file (flow3d.lic) to your “licenses” directory once installation is complete. Your computer will be acting as a license server, and can issue tokens to any FLOW-3D clients on the network.Note: Choose the server for your FLOW-3D environment carefully. The license server requires a stable computer. Moving the FLOW-3D license to a new computer before your license period expires may entail a re-licensing fee.Option 2—“Client (FLOW-3D)” -- Choose this option if you intend to only run FLOW-3D on your computer, and the computer is not going be used as the license server(i.e., this computer is a client only and another computer is the license server). Be sure to copy the license file from the server to your licenses directory and also make sure the server name for your license server computer is listed in your FLOW-3D license file.No FLEXlm license server components are installed.Option 3—“Server (license server)”—Choose Option 3 if you wish to have your computer function only as a license server and you do not intend to run FLOW-3D simulations on it. This choice will only install the FLEX lm server on your computer. FLOW-3D itself will not be installed, and thus cannot be run on this computer.After making your selection in the Choose an Installation Option dialog box, click OK to move on. Step Seven—If you chose Option 1 or 3 in Step Six, a dialog will appear asking you to choose the type of key to which your license will be locked. The most common key type is a USB key and looks very similar to a USB memory stick. If you have a parallel port key (Windows only), choose that option. If your license will be locked to your Ethernet address (uncommon), then choose this option. If you are not sure what your license will be locked to, select the last option, “Don’t know.” All possible drivers will be installed. Select Next to continue.At this point, the installation displays the following screen which will assist you in shutting down currently running FLOW-3D license servers.Step Eight—At this point, installation of FLOW-3D and all required drivers is ready to begin. Click Install to complete the installation.Step Nine—At this point, FLOW-3D should be installed and the final step is to install your license file. If you have already received your license file, simply copy it to the "licenses" directory and proceed to Step Eleven to start your license server. If you have not received your license file, follow the instructions in Step Ten to obtain a license file.Step Ten—In order to issue a license file, Flow Science needs both the host name and the host ID of your server. To obtain this information from your server, double-click on the lmtools.exe program file in the licenses subdirectory under the FLOW-3D installation directory and select the System Settings tab. If using a hardware key, provide the FLEXID and the Computer/Hostname to Flow Science. If you are not using a hardware key, provide Flow Science the Ethernet address and the Computer/Hostname.Once your Hostname and Ethernet or FLEXID have been received, the License Administrator at Flow Science will send you a license file ("flow3d.lic"), which will come in the form of an attachment to an email. It is an ASCII file with encryption codes that allow it to be used for only one Host_ID. Check the license file to be sure that it contains the Hostname and Host_ID that matches your license server. Now copy the attachment to the "licenses" folder in your FLOW-3D installation directory.Step Eleven—Start the license server (Client/Server and Server installations only). In LMTOOLS, click on the Start/Stop/Reread tab to display the Start Server, Stop Server, and ReRead License File buttons. Click on the Start Server button to start the license server. If the message in the lower left corner reads, “Server Started” then the server successfully started. If it reads, “Server Start Failed,” select the Stop Server button and then select the Start Server button again. You should see the message, “Server started.” If not, contact Flow Science, Inc., at support@ or 505-982-0088.If you chose Option 1 or 3 in Step Six of New Computer Installations, then, in order to ensure that the license server will be started each time you reboot your computer, you should go to the Config Services tab and make sure that the Start Server at Powerup and Use Services boxes are checked.At this point, you should be ready to run FLOW-3D.Linux InstallationsInstallation OverviewTo install the FLOW-3D software package on a Linux computer, you will need to accomplish the following: •Install FLOW-3D from the CD-ROM onto your hard disk using the “install” program or an alternate way is to use the “install_flow3d” script;•Copy your license file into the "licenses" subdirectory and start the license server (if it is not already running);•Execute the flow3d.sh (or flow3d.csh for c-shells) script to set the required environment variables.Step-by-Step ProcedureStep One—Insert the distribution CD into your CD drive.Step Two—Open a command prompt and set the current working directory to the CD mount directory and then to the "unix" subdirectory. For example, if the mount directory is "/cdrom," then:cd /cdrom/unixStep Three—Run the installation program “install” (or alternately, run the script "install_flow3d") Both scripts are in the current working directory:./install-or-./install_flow3dStep Four—The next dialog is the FLOW-3D License Agreement. Please read it carefully. If you agree to all the terms, click the Accept button to signify your agreement.Step Five – This dialog contains a default file location for FLOW-3D. If you wish for FLOW-3D to be installed in another location, modify the path and then click the Next button.Step Six – The next dialog displays the operating system types and installation types as shown here.Please select the “Local Operating System” that matches the device where you are currently installing FLOW-3D. Also, please select a “Type of Installation” from the list.Note: If this computer is only going to serve as your license server and you do not intend to run FLOW-3D on it, then you can choose to install “FLEX lm license server only.” On the other hand, if this computer is only a client, you should install only the FLOW-3D files.When you have selected an option in both catagories, click on the Install button and the installation will begin.Step Seven—Determine the "Host_ID" information.In order to receive your license file, you must first send Flow Science your computer’s Host_ID.If you are a new user, Flow Science will send you a "Customer License Issuance/Renewal Form" to fill out and return, and on this form you provide the necessary information. In filling out your information form, you must be careful to distinguish between the number zero "0" and the letter "o." You will also need to be careful to distinguish between the lower-case letter "l" and the number one "1."If you are an existing user, that is, you are using a new license server, send an email to Flow Science (licenses@) stating your name, the registered user’s name, your company name, and your telephone number. Include the file "host_id.txt" as an attachment.If you do not already know your computer’s Host_ID, you can find it out by running the script "get_host_id." Log on to the license server. Set your working directory to the "licenses" subdirectory in the distribution directory. One of the files in the "licenses" subdirectory is the script "get_host_id"; run this script to generate the output file "host_id.txt" which contains "host_id" information about your license server. For example, if the distribution directory is "/home/flow3d," then type:。
FLOW-3D使用简介PPT学习课件
Note: The inactive part of the mold is not shown here just to illustrate the effect of deactivating cells.
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Die casting, filling time 56 msec （压铸, 充型时间 0.056 sec） • full die volume:
simulation #1
simulation #2
simulation #3
…
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设定 Restart
2020/3/5
Navigator 让使用者可以简单的建 立 restart simulation
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Restart Simulation 细项设定
定义重新启动 flsgrf文件源
Marine 船舶
2020/3/5
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OffShore Platform 近海平台
InkJets 喷墨
Aerospace 航空航天
Multiphase Fluid 多相流
Valve 阀门等流体控制
Consumer Product 消费品
2020/3/5
7
在电脑的计算求解下，设计人员可测试多项 工程上之设计变更以及得到合适的结果。 测试设计方案以及事前找出设计缺陷。 比较多种设计方案之优劣。 减少水工模型制作所需要花费的时间及金钱。
从列表中选择重 新启动时间
使用者可以用浏览的方式检视希望 继续分析的时间。
Restart 的 source (flsgrf.dat) 不需要一 定与设定档在同一个文件夹内。
如果执行时 restart source 档案存在 ，程式会自动列出使用者可以选择 restart 执行的时间点。
flow-3d应用简介--中文
VOF——Volume of fraction；
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© 2009 Hi-Key Technology
FLOW-3D® 的应用领域
航天工业
低重力状态下推进器内燃料的运动模式
液体在通过 Laval Nozzle 时产生的气穴（ Cavitation ）现象
船舶
船只举升以及水波流动之模拟
© 2009 Hi-Key Technology
Flow-3D基本介绍—功能特点
1.3 Flow-3D的功能特点
FLOW-3D是一套全功能的软件，其功能包括导入几何模型、生成
网格、定义边界条件、计算求解和计算结果后处理。
完全整合的图像式使用界面让使用者可以快速的完成从仿真专案
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Nested block enhances resolution around sphere.
© 2009 Hi-Key Technology
Flow-3D基本介绍—功能特点
采用FAVORTM 技术，使得矩形网格也能描述复杂的几何外型，从而可以 高效率并且精确的定义几何外型 ； （Fractional Area / Volume Obstacle Representation)
喷墨
利用薄膜振动产生墨珠 15
利用压力产生墨珠
© 2009 Hi-Key Technology
FLOW-3D® 计算结果演示
1.4 计算结果演示
球体自由落体过程
球体在水中平移的运动过程
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© 2009 Hi-Key Technology
FLOW-3D® 计算结果演示
1.4 计算结果演示
水波流动过程
FAVOR 传统的 FDM
第二章FLOW-3D 填充分析
Component Type 物件类别
Solid
Hole
Complement
2.2、网格建立
• 网格基本设定 – Uniform Meshes – Non-Uniform Meshes • 网格建立重点 • Multi-Block Meshes • 操作：建立网格
网格基本设定
• Uniform Meshes
• • • •
2.3、分析條件設定
• FLOW-3D 可以指定分析停止的条件。分别是： – Finish Time（指定时间，时间到达时停止） – Fill Fraction（指定充填率，充填率到达指定值时停 止） – Solidified Fluid Fraction（指定固化率，固化率到达 指定值时停止） • Finish Time 为最高判断原则，一旦到达 Finish Time， 程式会强迫停止。 • 一般执行充填仿真时，会选用 Fill Fraction 作为程式判 断条件（在 Finish Time 填入较大的数值）。
Defect Tracking
FLOW3D 流量监测
Tools / Options
Tools Options下总共可控制三个显示
1. Color：所有的颜色显示，包含了背
景、前景、固体颜色…等。 2. Light/camerasetting：可设定灯光与
录像模式的位置（一般而言仅有录像
模式可能会使用到） 3. 3D GraphicFont：调整后处理字体的
• 输出图片，可储存成三个格式（bmp, jpeg与png）
Tools / Axis rotation
左下角的转轮，除了可以针 对X,Y,Z三轴旋转外，最常用 的功能在于可以直接『key in』旋转角度。
Tools / Show all objects
FLOW-3D V10可任意隐藏单一对象（包含 CAD图档与网格图档。隐藏后如果不想一个一 个慢慢开启，可以执行『Show all objects』 （Ctrl-A）显示所有的对象。
流量追踪
FLOW-3D可在指定位置放置Baffle,追踪通过Baffle的流量。除了可以 确认通过指定位置的流体流向外，还可以用2D显示随着时间通过的流 量大小。
建立Baffle
要设定Tracer，必须先在指 定的位置建立Baffle。 Baffle是平板的意思。在指 定的位置设定平板，就可以 量测通过该平板的所有流场 数据。Baffle是『虚拟』的 平板，不会影响流动数据， 但是会记录流动信息。
大小与显示方式
1 2
新增平板后，必须先开启 『Definne as Flux Surface』 （设定为虚拟平板）以及 『Generate Tracer』（设定 追踪器）。 接着就是设定平板的大小以及 位置。
3
•Definition：设定平板位置 •Limiters：设定平板大小
flow-3d软件文档集合(二)
30.FLOW-3D应用于泥沙侵蚀和沉积建模（EN）.pdf 该flow-3d1泥沙冲淤模型有了9.4版，新的能力和方法。概述了新的更改模型 ，描述了重要的方程和方法，概述了如何使用模型建立和仿真，并关闭了两 个测试案例来验证当前的模型。
31.FLOW-3混合潜水模型介绍.pdf Flow-3d有浅流模型已经很多年了。该模型是适合流动的水平宽度远大于深度 的情况。例子包括在海、 河口、 大湖、 季节性洪水、 液体涂料、 润滑薄 膜和汽车挡风玻璃上的水的流动。三维的纳维尔-斯托克斯方程减少为 2D 平
14.用FLOW-3D的GMO模型模拟液体晃动.pdf 用FLOW-3D的GMO模型模拟液体晃动
15.应用 FLOW-3D 于镁合金压铸仪表板的设计.pdf 应用 FLOW-3D 于镁合金压铸仪表板的设计
16.应用 FLOW-3D 于砂模铸造的浇铸系统方案设计.pdf 应用 FLOW-3D 于砂模铸造的浇铸系统方案设计
的结果。为了解决这个问题，本文已作出了修改后的两方程湍流模型来构建
局部边界的湍流长度和时间尺度。
34.FLOW 3D在水利中的应用.ppt
阐述了FLOW-3D在水利中的应用，包括基础的模拟以及相比于其他软件的优势
，英文PPT。
Байду номын сангаас
35.FLOW-3D压射缸行程设定的最佳化.pdf 高压铸造（High Pressure Die Casting, HPDC）制程中，压射缸（shot cylinder）的作用在于快速的将金属融汤注入模穴内。一般而言，压射缸保
持水平，金属融汤从压射缸上方的开口注入。柱塞头会在短时间内将金属融
汤退入模具的充填系统。
36.FLOW-3D在溢洪道的设计与评估的应用案例.pdf 加拿大 Manitoba 大学 水力学研究与试验设备室 (HRTF) 成立 1995 年，由 Manitoba Hydro 公司以及加拿大自然科学与工程研究委员会（ NSERC ）、
FLOW-3D多孔介质模型-渗流模型培训讲学
• Resolve all geometry (FAVOR)
• Geometry represented as volume fraction (porosity) open to flow
• Compute pressures and velocities • Assume flow is uniform over cell
PmucK1/2u2
x K
where = fluid density
viscous
transitional
inertial
Understanding FLOW-3D®’s Drag Model
• 由于流体在多孔介质中受到的很多阻力太小而无法求 解，所以用一个均布的阻力系数来计算：
N-S张量方程
u t V 1 f A fu u 1 p V 1 f A fu G K u
– Pressure difference across this
saturation front is dictated by a
user-defined capillary pressure
(Pcap)
d
Pcap
4cos
d
s Concave case (lower pressure in
a
liquid) is assumed to have +ve Pcap
• 激活 Porous media 多孔介质物理模型 • 创建 porous component (s) 多孔材料
Setting Up A Porous Media Simulation
Porous media simulation setup steps:
1) Decide flow type: Saturated or Unsaturated
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• • • •
2.3、分析條件設定
• FLOW-3D 可以指定分析停止的条件。分别是： – Finish Time（指定时间，时间到达时停止） – Fill Fraction（指定充填率，充填率到达指定值时停 止） – Solidified Fluid Fraction（指定固化率，固化率到达 指定值时停止） • Finish Time 为最高判断原则，一旦到达 Finish Time， 程式会强迫停止。 • 一般执行充填仿真时，会选用 Fill Fraction 作为程式判 断条件（在 Finish Time 填入较大的数值）。
常用指令
Mesh adjustment
以鼠标调整网格大小
步距大小可调整不同的数值
Auto Mesh & Mesh Info
可指定网格总数量，或者是 指定网格尺寸大小
程式会根据指定的条件，在 X,Y,Z 三方向进行网格切割
真实网格数量
以 FAVOR 检视网格建立状况
• 在网格切割完成之後，可以用 FAVOR 检视在现有网 格数量设定下，是否能够完整的描述模型的外型。
Defect Tracking
• 铸件的机械强度与铸造过程中生成的氧化膜、卷气， 以及其他在充填过程中夹杂於固体内之杂质息息相关 。表面追蹤模型（The Surface Defect Tracking model） 會記錄金屬液體與表面空氣接觸的時間以及接觸面， 能夠讓使用者預測金屬氧化膜的生成位置以及集中區 域。
操作：指定分析条件
由於 Finish Time 到达时，程式也会停止计算；因此将此 数值加大，确保程式会以 Fill Fraction 作为停止条件。
指定分析停止条件 -> Fill Fraction Fill Fraction=1 -> 模穴填满率达 100%才停止
2.4、成形材料选择
• FLOW-3D 内建材料库中，包含了大部分常用的金属材 料。使用者可以直接选用。 • 如果材料库内的材料不足，可以利用新增材料的方式 建立自己的材料；另外，也可以编辑内建之材料。 • FLOW-3D 是一套标准的计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics ）软件，因此支持多流体的计算方式。 分析可以载入两种不同的材料以进行两相流分析（铸 造领域不会使用到此部分功能）。
Gravity
• FLOW-3D 内的重力方向是以卡式座标系定义。数值可 为 X, Y, Z 三方向之一，或者是以分量的方式加以组合 。 • 如果流体运动过程中，重力方向会随着时间变化（例 如倾斜铸造 Tilt Casting），可以改用 Non-Inertial Reference Frame 加以定义。
第二章、FLOW-3D 铸造 充填分析
FLOW-3D® v9.2
目录
1. 可接受之图档格式 2. 网格建立 3. 成形條件設定 4. 成形材料选择 5. 指定物理量 – 充填模式 6. 模具材料选择 7. 边界条件定义 8. 初始条件设定 9. 输出资料 10. 数值选项设定 11. 执行第一组分析
Multi-Block Meshes
• Connected 接续式网格区块
• Nested 巢式网格区块
Multi-Block Meshes 应用
部分重叠
• 网格区块可同时存在 Nested 及 Connected 格式
• 发生『部分重叠』，这样的 网格区块无法使用
Multi-Block Meshes 设定重点
重力单位为 CGS
Heat Transfer
• 热传计算必须先启动内能计算，再决定热传形式。 • FLOW-3D 预设之内能（internal Energy）计算方式系 采用 1st-order upwind differencing method 的内能计算方 程式，适用於大部分的应用案例。如果使用者的流场 形式需要较高的精度计算，例如浮力场（buoyant flows ）温度可能会随着流体密度变化的状况，才需要开启 二阶计算。
Air Entrainment
• 当流体处於自由液面流动时，表面紊流可能会将空气 卷入流体内，这种现象称为卷气（Air Entrainment）。 铸造过程中，卷气可能会造成缩孔的产生，以及铸件 表面或结构上的缺陷。 • 仅开启卷气模型计算时，卷气计算并不会影响到原始 流体的流动模式（卷气量不大），如果卷气量大到足 以影响流场的运动模式，就必须开启 Density Evaluation （密度变化模型） 以考虑卷气量对於流体 密度的变化。前者称为 Passive 计算；而後者则是称为 Active 计算。
Component Type 物件类别
Solid
Hole
Complement
2.2、网格建立
• 网格基本设定 – Uniform Meshes – Non-Uniform Meshes • 网格建立重点 • Multi-Block Meshes • 操作：建立网格
网格基本设定
• Uniform Meshes
• Non-Uniform Meshes
• 使用时机：大部分状况，建议采用 Uniform Meshes。如果是 External Flow 的案例，再利用 Non-Uniform Meshes 减少网格数量
网格建立重点
• 尽量采用 Uniform Meshes 格式。网格的 Aspect Ratios 尽量趋近於 1（正立方体）。Aspect Ratio 建议不要超 过 3.0；如果是采用 Non-Uniform Mesh 格式时，相邻 的网格尺寸比例建议不要超过 1.25。 • 如果分析中包括表面张力计算，在表面区域尽量采用 Uniform Meshes。
(x2,y2,z2)
(x1,y1,z1)
Normal Vector
(x3,y3,z3)
I-DEAS Universal File
• FLOW-3D 也可接受从其他 CAD 或 CAE 产生之 tetrahedral 网格档，预设格式为 I-DEAS 的 Universal 格 式（副档名为 .unv），由於读入的资料仅需四个顶点 的座标以及其关连性，因此即使是其他格式的网格档 ，只要符合这个格式，就可以读取。 • 如果要输入此类格式之网格档，必须以 notepad 编辑 Prepin 档。 FIDEAS(L)=„filename‟. 预设档案名称为 “cadfnn.inp” ，nn 为数字. • 转入之图档同样可以在 FLOW-3D 内进行平移/旋转/缩 放等设定。
FLOW-3D 內建材料之資訊
FLOW-3D 內建材料之資訊
操作：选择成形材料
選擇材料時必須指定單位
2.5、指定物理量 – 充填模式
• • • • • • • Air Entrainment 卷气 Defect Tracking 缺陷追踪 Density Evaluation 密度变化 Gravity 重力 Heat Transfer 热传 Solidification 固化 Viscosity and turbulence 黏度与紊流
Air Entrainment models
填入表面张力系数并不会启动表面张力模型 计算；不过会根据表面张力系数大小计算流 体表面的力平衡，以决定卷入的空气量。 在 Active 模式需要计算空气卷入量对於流 体密度的影响时，才需要填入空气密度值。 一般计算（Passive）不需要填入此数值。
• 选择 Open
网格切割注意事项
• • • • 网格切割的层数仅需描述几何外型，不需要生成三层以上的网格（单层 即可）。 建议采用均一尺寸的网格。 以 FAVOR 工具检视网格图档是否能完整描述原始图档。 多网格区块设定可以在网格数量限制下更完整的描述图档。但是网格区 块不宜过多。充填分析建议不需要超过三个（固化分析建议采用一个） 。 一般而言，网格区块最多不宜超过五个。 如果采用多个网格区块，不要在流动复杂的位置做切割（尽可能在流动 单纯的位置进行切割）。 不同网格区块的网格尺寸大小可以不同，但是尽量不要超过两倍。 如果要用多网格区块进行网格建立，尽可能采用 Linked 几何图档设定
单位转换
变更类型
变更物件单位及 图档类型
Unit 单位
• FLOW-3D 内定单位为 – SI（m, Kg, …） – CGS（cm, g, …） – ENGINEERING（英制） • 由於大部分铸件绘图单位为 mm，因此在 FLOW-3D 读 入图档时建议将单位转换至 CGS 制。 • 1 mm = 0.1 cm，因此单位转换时 Global magnitude 必须 填入 0.1。
Defect Tracking 的数据为相对数 值，如果有实验，可以叁考 实验数据给定资料；也可以 给定一正整数，叁考其显示 之位置。
Density Evaluation
• FLOW-3D 内的流体密度可以是其他变数的函数，例如 温度或是固化率。举例而言，计算时可以考虑流体密 度随着流体温度的变化。
Multi-Block Meshes
• FLOW-3D 於 V8.0 版之後，推出 Multi-Block Meshes 的设定方式。Multi-Block Meshes 可以适用於各种应用 领域，能够在分析模型中进行局部或整体的网格尺寸 调整，大幅减少分析时所需之内存。 • 网格区块（Mesh Block）不允许局部重叠，仅能完全 相接或者是完全重叠。FLOW-3D 并没有限制仅能采 用 Connected Blocks 或是 Nested Blocks，也没有限制 网格区块的连接方式（连接方式与流体的流动方向无 关）。使用者可以根据实际需求进行调整。