Stylistic
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Stylistic Analysis of Advertising Language
1.2.4 fine-sounding
The merchants often make the ads fine-sounding for getting customers’ attention. An easy read ad is remembered clearly by customers, and arouses their interests. For instance: Impossible made possible. (Canon Printers) Poetry in motion, dancing close to me.( TOYOTA Motor) Take TOSHIBA, take the world.( Toshiba)
Ⅰ. The characteristics of advertising language
There is always advertisement in our life, no matter the local ones or those coming from other countries have some characteristics. When you watch the ads carefully, you can find them have some commonalities. Advertising language is distinctive, brief and memorable. And the most special is that the pronunciation is easy to catch. Those characteristics are the necessary elements which make up advertisements.
(完整版)文体学课堂总结
Brief Summary of StylisticsGeneralStylisticsis the sciencewhich exploreshow readers interact with the languages oftexts in order to explain how weunderstand and are affected by texts whenwe read them. The stylistic mainly通述concerns about the examination of文体学是为一门教我们怎么更好的grammar, lexis, semantics, as well as使用语言的一门学科，主要关注语法，phonological properties and discursive词汇，语义，语音特征和表达手段。
devices. It’s developing and not come文体学目前是不完善的，处于发展阶to maturity now.段。
According to different standards,thestylistics mainly divide into two majortypes ：linguistic stylistics and literarystylistics. And there are many school ofstylistics such as lingvo-stylistics,literarystylistics, applied stylistics, contrastive根据不同的标准，文体学分为两大stylistics, applied stylistics and so on.类：普通文体学和文学文体学.并且文体学有许多不同的学派，如形式文体In the basic notions of stylistics, the学，话语文体学，文学文体学，应用文体学，社会文体学，认知文体学，related Prague School of the early 比较文体学等。
词汇学007-stylistic
to be used in these two styles.
Style 3 is a polite and fairly neutral
style; it is used when we are talking to a person whom we do not know well or to somebody who is senior to ourselves in terms of age or social
chuck: infml, 扔 loot: infml， 赃物 cop: infml
did a bunk: BrE, sl 逃跑，开小差
1. They chucked a stone at the cops
and then did a bunk with the loot. by two criminals, talking casually
thus literary, or neutral words.
fame
renown meet
disaster
cataclysm job / task
level
demolish thought
encounter spectacle
assignment agony
prospect
unaware
sight / scene pain
rescind: to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement shall: You use shall to indicate that something must happen, usually because of a rule or law. You use shall not to indicate that something must not happen. 通常指按照规则或法律规定: 必须，一定，将
Stylistic Features of Business English at Contextual Level
• The field of Business English • is very broad. • By “business”, we usually mean commerce or trade, though it can be used in a narrower sense to mean a particular form of money-making activity, such as banking. As a count noun it can mean a company or firm. • However, “Business English” can be applied even more widely, • since a letter applying for a visa or a letter establishing a business relationship, for example, would fall within the scope of Business Letter Writing. • According to Crystal’s Encyclopaedia of the English Language (1995:440), over 10% of the material in the British National Corpus (a computer-based data bank of current English) stems from business, commercial and financial material.
Register
• 3 Tenor of Discourse语旨 • tenor of discourse: • according to the degrees of formality like formal, casual and intimate style. • Tenor of discourse can be divided into two types: • personal tenor and functional tenor • Personal tenor expresses the various roles assumed by participants and the degree of formality of their relationship. • Formality refers to the way in which the style of language will vary in appropriateness according to the social context: the occasion and the relationship between addresser and addressee.
英美文学英语论文范文,英语范文论文
1. Introduction: Definition of Stylistics and Stylistic Analysis
As far as the definition of stylistics is concerned different scholars define the branch of study in different ways. Wales defines stylistics simply as “ the study of style” (1989:437), while Widdowson provides a more informative definition as “the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation” and takes “a view that what distinguishes stylistics from literary criticism on the one hand and linguistics on the other is that it is essentially a means of linking the two” (1975:3). Leech holds a similar view. He defines stylistics as the “study of the use of language in literature” (1969:1) and considers stylistics a “meeting-ground of linguistics and literary study”(1969:2). From what Widdowson and Leech say, we can see that stylistics is an area of study that straddles two disciplines: literary criticism and linguistics. It takes literary discourse (text) as its object of study and uses linguistics as a means to that end.
As far as the definition of stylistics is concerned different scholars define the branch of study in different ways. Wales defines stylistics simply as “ the study of style” (1989:437), while Widdowson provides a more informative definition as “the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation” and takes “a view that what distinguishes stylistics from literary criticism on the one hand and linguistics on the other is that it is essentially a means of linking the two” (1975:3). Leech holds a similar view. He defines stylistics as the “study of the use of language in literature” (1969:1) and considers stylistics a “meeting-ground of linguistics and literary study”(1969:2). From what Widdowson and Leech say, we can see that stylistics is an area of study that straddles two disciplines: literary criticism and linguistics. It takes literary discourse (text) as its object of study and uses linguistics as a means to that end.
英语文体学教程Ch1
Course arrangements
16 weeks, 16 units→1 unit per week
Introduction
Final marks (100%)
Final test (70%) Assignments (20%) Attendance (10%)
Unit 1 The concern of stylistics
Unit 1 The concern of stylistics
Modern stylistics: modern linguistics
2 subdivisions: General stylistics Literary stylistics General stylistics: general features of various types of language use Literary stylistics: unique features of various literary works
Unit 1 The concern of stylistics
HW:
Read the unit carefully & try to understand the concepts on stylistics. Think about the “Study Questions” on p13 while reading the unit. Preview Unit 2: The need for stylistic study.
Unit 1 The concern of stylistics
1.3 Aspects of the speech event
3 aspects: 1. Substantial aspect — substance →sound/marks 2. Formal aspect — form →meaningful internal patterns 3. Situational — situation →relevant extratextual circumstance /context→meaning of the utterance
Stylistics and translation IIi
12
• If we wish to communicate in English successfully, we too need to develop a “semi-instinctive sense of style”. Stylistics may help us speed up this process of acquisition by giving us access to different language varieties any by encouraging us to participate the problem-solving activity and to do practical analysis by ourselves so as to facilitate our sensitivity to language variation. • Analyzing translation/interpreting problems
9
• With a sense of style, we can arrive at a better understanding of a text/utterance. • Let us look at the following example. • [1.17] • Policeman: What‟s your name, boy? • Black physician: Dr. Poussaint. I‟m a physician. • Policeman: What‟s your first name, boy? • Black physician: Alvin.
• 徒 留 我 孤单 在湖面 成双 • (lexical deviation; semantic deviation) • 你的笑容已泛黄 • (semantic deviation)
• If we wish to communicate in English successfully, we too need to develop a “semi-instinctive sense of style”. Stylistics may help us speed up this process of acquisition by giving us access to different language varieties any by encouraging us to participate the problem-solving activity and to do practical analysis by ourselves so as to facilitate our sensitivity to language variation. • Analyzing translation/interpreting problems
9
• With a sense of style, we can arrive at a better understanding of a text/utterance. • Let us look at the following example. • [1.17] • Policeman: What‟s your name, boy? • Black physician: Dr. Poussaint. I‟m a physician. • Policeman: What‟s your first name, boy? • Black physician: Alvin.
• 徒 留 我 孤单 在湖面 成双 • (lexical deviation; semantic deviation) • 你的笑容已泛黄 • (semantic deviation)
语言学讲义 考研 9 Stylistics
7
• In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language.
5
• Other features of stylistics include the use of dialogue, including regional accents and people‘s dialects, descriptive language, the use of grammar, such as the active voice or passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of particular language registers语域, etc.
4
• Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.
However, in Linguistic Criticism, Roger Fowler makes the point that, in non-theoretical usage, the word stylistics makes sense and is useful in referring to an enormous range of literary contexts, such as John Milton‘s ‗grand style‘, the ‗prose style‘ of Henry James, the ‗epic‘ and ‗ballad style‘ of classical Greek literature, etc. (Fowler, 1996: 185).12题三：Chiming 谐音
• In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language.
5
• Other features of stylistics include the use of dialogue, including regional accents and people‘s dialects, descriptive language, the use of grammar, such as the active voice or passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of particular language registers语域, etc.
4
• Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.
However, in Linguistic Criticism, Roger Fowler makes the point that, in non-theoretical usage, the word stylistics makes sense and is useful in referring to an enormous range of literary contexts, such as John Milton‘s ‗grand style‘, the ‗prose style‘ of Henry James, the ‗epic‘ and ‗ballad style‘ of classical Greek literature, etc. (Fowler, 1996: 185).12题三：Chiming 谐音
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Page 10
We can make the general point that complex sentences are to be preferred if the aim of the writer is to present us with a complex structure of ideas, a complex reading experience. The major devices for linking ideas together into a complex sentence are coordination and subordination. Coordination gives clauses (and other units) equal syntactic status, whereas subordination places one clause in a dependent status, as part of the main clause. Subordination is thus a syntactic form of salience, since the effect of making a clause subordinate is to background it:
Page 8
there
any
sentence
outside? however?
B:
Grammatical categories
I SENTENCE TYPES. Does the author use only statements (declarative sentences), or does he also use questions, commands, exclamations. or minor sentence types such as sentences with no verb)? If these other types are used, what is their function? SENTENCE COMPLEXITY. Do sentences on the whole have a simple or a complex structure? What is the average sentence length (in number of words)? What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses complexity vary strikingly from one sentence to another? Is complexity mainly due to (i) coordination, (ii) subordination, (iii) parataxis (juxtaposition of clauses or other equivalent structures)?
Stylistics:
Stylistically Significant Linguistic Features
What is stylistics?
• Stylistics is the "study of the use of language in literature" • Stylistics is a "meeting-ground of linguistics and literary study" • Stylistics is an area of study which straddles two disciplines: literary criticism and linguistics. It takes literary discourse (text) as its object of study and uses linguistics as a means to that end.
Page 6
c.Verbs–Are they stative cost/believe/remain, or dynamic walk/arrive? Do they refer to movements climb/jump/slide, physical acts spread/smell/taste/laugh, or speech acts persuade/decline/beg, psychological states or activities think/feel/imagine/know/love. or perceptions see/hear/feel? Are they transitive shut the door, intransitive the door shuts, or linking be/sound/seem/taste/ smell? Are they factive know/regret/forget/remember or non-factive believe/assume/consider/suppose/think/imagine?
Page 7
d.Adverbs—what Manner place direction time degree
semantic functions do they perform? anxiously/carefully/loudly/willingly? away/along/across/upstairs/elsewhere? backwards/forward/up/down/in/out? ago/already/finally/shortly/immediately? almost/completely/partly/deeply/much?
Are
significant use of adverbs? 1)adjuncts like happily, proudly, now, 2)conjuncts like so, therefore, 3) disjuncts like certainly, obviously, frankly?
Page 5
b.Adjective-referring to what attribute? physical woolen, psychological joyful, visual hilly square/snowy, auditory bubbling/sizzling, sensory slippery/smooth, color dark/red, referential big dog/white house, emotive exited/happy, evaluative good/fat/bad/lazy? gradable young/tall/useful or non-gradable atomic/British? attributive an utter fool or predicative he is ashore ? restrictive the exact answer? intensifying the simple truth/a complete victory/a slight effort? stative tall/long or dynamic abusive/ambitious?
Page 4
The checklist of lexical their stylistic functions
a.
categories and respectively-----
Nouns-abstract: society/idea, or concrete: house/cat? What kinds of abstract nouns occur (referring to events: war/eruption, perceptions: understanding/consciousness, processes: development, moral virtue or social responsibility, qualities bravery)? What use is made of proper names? Are there any collective nouns people/staff?
Page 2
Linguistic levels for stylistic analysis
• Phonological features (phonological deviation) • Graphological features (graphonological deviation) • Lexical features (lexical deviation) • Syntactic features (syntactic deviation) • Semantic features (semantic deviation)
Page 9
Inty tend to occur? For instance, is there any notable occurrence of anticipatory structure (e.g. of complex subjects preceding the verbs, of dependent clauses preceding the subject of a main clause)? 3 CLAUSE TYPES. What types of dependent clause are favored:relative clauses, adverbial clauses, different types of nominal clauses (that—clauses, wh—clauses, etc)? Are reduced or non-finite clauses commonly used, and if so, of what type are they (infinitive clauses, —ing clauses, —ed clauses, verbless clauses)?
We can make the general point that complex sentences are to be preferred if the aim of the writer is to present us with a complex structure of ideas, a complex reading experience. The major devices for linking ideas together into a complex sentence are coordination and subordination. Coordination gives clauses (and other units) equal syntactic status, whereas subordination places one clause in a dependent status, as part of the main clause. Subordination is thus a syntactic form of salience, since the effect of making a clause subordinate is to background it:
Page 8
there
any
sentence
outside? however?
B:
Grammatical categories
I SENTENCE TYPES. Does the author use only statements (declarative sentences), or does he also use questions, commands, exclamations. or minor sentence types such as sentences with no verb)? If these other types are used, what is their function? SENTENCE COMPLEXITY. Do sentences on the whole have a simple or a complex structure? What is the average sentence length (in number of words)? What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses complexity vary strikingly from one sentence to another? Is complexity mainly due to (i) coordination, (ii) subordination, (iii) parataxis (juxtaposition of clauses or other equivalent structures)?
Stylistics:
Stylistically Significant Linguistic Features
What is stylistics?
• Stylistics is the "study of the use of language in literature" • Stylistics is a "meeting-ground of linguistics and literary study" • Stylistics is an area of study which straddles two disciplines: literary criticism and linguistics. It takes literary discourse (text) as its object of study and uses linguistics as a means to that end.
Page 6
c.Verbs–Are they stative cost/believe/remain, or dynamic walk/arrive? Do they refer to movements climb/jump/slide, physical acts spread/smell/taste/laugh, or speech acts persuade/decline/beg, psychological states or activities think/feel/imagine/know/love. or perceptions see/hear/feel? Are they transitive shut the door, intransitive the door shuts, or linking be/sound/seem/taste/ smell? Are they factive know/regret/forget/remember or non-factive believe/assume/consider/suppose/think/imagine?
Page 7
d.Adverbs—what Manner place direction time degree
semantic functions do they perform? anxiously/carefully/loudly/willingly? away/along/across/upstairs/elsewhere? backwards/forward/up/down/in/out? ago/already/finally/shortly/immediately? almost/completely/partly/deeply/much?
Are
significant use of adverbs? 1)adjuncts like happily, proudly, now, 2)conjuncts like so, therefore, 3) disjuncts like certainly, obviously, frankly?
Page 5
b.Adjective-referring to what attribute? physical woolen, psychological joyful, visual hilly square/snowy, auditory bubbling/sizzling, sensory slippery/smooth, color dark/red, referential big dog/white house, emotive exited/happy, evaluative good/fat/bad/lazy? gradable young/tall/useful or non-gradable atomic/British? attributive an utter fool or predicative he is ashore ? restrictive the exact answer? intensifying the simple truth/a complete victory/a slight effort? stative tall/long or dynamic abusive/ambitious?
Page 4
The checklist of lexical their stylistic functions
a.
categories and respectively-----
Nouns-abstract: society/idea, or concrete: house/cat? What kinds of abstract nouns occur (referring to events: war/eruption, perceptions: understanding/consciousness, processes: development, moral virtue or social responsibility, qualities bravery)? What use is made of proper names? Are there any collective nouns people/staff?
Page 2
Linguistic levels for stylistic analysis
• Phonological features (phonological deviation) • Graphological features (graphonological deviation) • Lexical features (lexical deviation) • Syntactic features (syntactic deviation) • Semantic features (semantic deviation)
Page 9
Inty tend to occur? For instance, is there any notable occurrence of anticipatory structure (e.g. of complex subjects preceding the verbs, of dependent clauses preceding the subject of a main clause)? 3 CLAUSE TYPES. What types of dependent clause are favored:relative clauses, adverbial clauses, different types of nominal clauses (that—clauses, wh—clauses, etc)? Are reduced or non-finite clauses commonly used, and if so, of what type are they (infinitive clauses, —ing clauses, —ed clauses, verbless clauses)?