Chapter1MC2004
《我,机器人(2004)》完整中英文对照剧本
《我，机器人（2004）》完整中英文对照剧本机械公敌一不得伤害或者是袖手旁观,导致人类受到伤害二机器人必须服从人类下达的命令,除非该命令与定律一相悖定律三在不违背前两条定律的前提下机器人可自保求生真是好看Thing of beauty. 早上好先生Good morning, sir! 有另一封准点快递来自Yet another on-time delivery from... 别挡道破铜烂铁Get the hell out of my face, canner. 祝您今天过得愉快Have a nice day! 芝加哥2035 年我们推出的任你游计划一定物超所值And we believe our Destination Anywherepackage to be the best value. 搭乘我们的X-82 型轨道航amp;hearts;天amp;hearts;飞机Let us take you to your dream destination 我们将带你遨游梦想之地aboard our orbital spaceplane, the X-82. 尝尝爵士镇人造芝加哥式披萨一如你记忆中的美味Try Jazztown”s synthetic Chicago-stylepizza. Tastes as good as you remember. 荧光鱼全球畅销的转基因精品Glowfish! The world”s hottest-sellingtransgenic treats. 你的孩子一定会对新色系爱不释手Your children will love the new colors too! -不好意思先生-表现出色-Excuse me, sir. -Total performance. 反应迅速全方位防护Total readiness. Total security. 与那些升级和服务热amp;hearts;线amp;hearts;告别吧So goodbye to upgrades and service calls. 上行传输至机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;的中amp;hearts;央amp;hearts;电脑An uplink to USR”s central computer... 每日给这种尖端科技的新型机器人提供最新程序provides this state-of-the-art robot with new programs daily. 通过机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;传输享受每日更新今日的内斯特5 系列是未来机器人的所趋The Nestor Class 5 is tomorrow”s robot today. 享受上行传输系统的NS-5 机器人斯普啊斯普纳Spoon! Spoonie! 嘿Hey! 等等等等不好意思借过Hold up. Hold on! Excuse me, excuse me. -斯普你去哪了? -出远门了而已法波-Spoon, man, where you been at? -Just away, Farber. 出远门? 去度假了吗? 听起来不错啊兄弟Oh, yeah, away? Like vacation? That”s nice, man. 我想让你帮我个忙你的车借我用个5 或15 分钟吧Listen, I got a favor to ask. I need to borrow your car like 5 or 15 minutes. 这次不同听着我找到一个正点美妞This is different. Listen, I got this fine-ass yummy... 她非常完美善解人意she is complete and agreeable. 还有小电臀I mean, ass-hot spankable. -这话什么意思? -你知道我什么意思兄弟-What does that even mean? -You know what it means. Man. -别废话了把那破钥匙给我-首先-Now stop berricading. Let me get the damn-ass keys. -First of all... 别讲脏话因为你不会讲Stop cussing. Cuz you”re not good at it. 那就给我十块钱坐车吧我等着用呢Give me 10 for the bus, then, man. I”ve been there for you. -回家吧-你赢了斯普你有种算你赢了-Go home. -That”s strike one, Spoon. That”sstrike one! 今天真是意义非凡的一天This is such a valuable day... 你和玛西谈过了吗? You talk to Marci? 不琪琪我还没和玛西聊过No, Gigi, I haven”t talked to Marci. 在我那个年代我们是不会和别人结了婚之后When I was coming up, we didn”t just marry someone... 又跟人家离了还老死不相往来then divorce them, then not talk to them. 戴尔别敷衍我Del, don”t play with me. 我敢说如果我不做饭了你就会打电amp;hearts;话amp;hearts;给玛西I bet if I stopped cooking, you”d call Marci. 孩子你脚上穿的是什么玩意儿? Boy, what is that on your feet? 匡威全明星帆布鞋2004 年款Converse All Stars, vintage 2004. 别这副表情我知道你也想要一双直说嘛Don”t turn your face up. I know you want some. Just ask. 不用了多谢No, thank you very much. -很甜的土豆派-放在盘子上吃-Sweet potato pie. -Put that on a plate. 我在电视上看到他们以中彩票的形式You know, I”ve seen on TV they”re giving away 派发新款机器人some of them new robots in the lottery. 琪琪这些机器人对人类没什么好处的You know, Gigi, those robots don”t do anybody any good. 地球人之中属你最了解机器人Of all the people on God”s earth, you should know better. 可你就是不愿意说些好话Sometimes the stuff that comes out of your mouth! 你在听我说话吗戴尔? You listening to me, Del? 喂Hey! 喂Hey! 拿着我的派先生不然就砸你衣服上Hold my pie. Sir, hold it or wear it. 让开Move! 不许跑了Freeze! 喂停下Hey! Stop! 停下Stop! 我让你停下I said, stop! 放松别紧张Relax. Relax.我是警amp;hearts;察amp;hearts; I”m a police officer. 你You... 真是混amp;hearts;蛋amp;hearts; are an asshole. -女士这是你的包吗? -这当然是我的包-Ma”am, is that your purse? -Of course it”s my purse. 我把呼吸器丢在家了他跑回去帮我拿过来I left my inhaler at home. He was running it out to me. 我看见机器人抱着一个包一路狂奔就以为I saw a robot running with the purse and assumed... 什么? 你疯了吗? What? Are you crazy? -很抱歉让您误会了-用不着道歉-I”m sorry for this misunderstanding. -Don”t apologize. 你只是在尽自己的本分但你这是在干嘛? You”re doing what you”re supposed to do. But what are you doing? 祝你过得愉快女士Have a lovely day, ma”am. 你真幸运要不是我呼吸不畅一定打得你屁滚尿流You”re lucky I can”t breathe, or I”d walk all up and down your ass. 起到先锋模范作用Lead by example. 这是你徽章上的标语It says that right on your badge. -我们能不能谈谈? -谈什么? -We gonna talk about this? -About what? quot;救命啊警官那机器人把我的干洗衣服偷走了quot; quot;Help! Police! That robot stole my dry cleaning!quot; 原来你想和我谈那件事Oh, you wanna talk about that. 警官Detective... -有多少机器人会抢包? -约翰这玩意儿在逃跑-how many robots snatch purses? -John, the thing is running down this... 这世上有多少机器人How many robots in the world... -犯过罪? -说说什么是犯罪-have ever committed a crime? -Define crime. -回答我的问题该死的-没有犯罪的约翰-Answer my question, damn it. -None, John. 那告诉我今天发生了什么事Now tell me what happened today. 没什么Nothing. 希望这是你的最后一次Better be the last nothing. 斯普你确定你准备好回归了?Spoon, are you sure you are ready to be back? 再休息一段时间也没关系的Because you can take your time. 我没事了约翰谢谢关心I”m fine, John. Thank you. 来这上班总比宅在家里好Better here than sitting around at home. 凶案科斯普纳Homicide. Spooner. 请从下一个出口右转Please take the next exit to your right. 欢迎你斯普纳警官Welcome, Detective Spooner. 欢迎来到美国机器人技术中心您已进入车amp;hearts;库amp;hearts;大厅Welcome to U.S. Robotics. You have entered the garage-level lobby. 请乘坐直达电梯前往主层大厅Please use the elevators for direct access to the main level concourse. 谢谢Thank you. -很高兴再次见到你孩子-你好博士-Good to see you again, son. -Hello, doctor. 接下来的一切都与你所看到的有关Everything that follows is a result of what you see here. 你是不是有什么事要告诉我?Is there something you want to tell me? 对不起我的回答受限I”m sorry. My responses are limited. 你必须提出正确的问题You must ask the right questions. 你为什么找我? Why did you call me? 我相信你的判断I trust your judgment. 通常这不需要找凶案科的警官Normally, this wouldn”t require a homicide detective. 但是我们之间的互动从来没有完全正常过对吗? But then, our interactions have never been entirely normal, agreed? 你说得没错You got that right. 你有没有什么要告诉我的? Is there something you want to say to me? 对不起我的回答受限I”m sorry. My responses are limited. 你必须提出正确的问题You must ask the right questions. 你为什么自杀? Why would you kill yourself? 警官你问对了That, detective, is the right question. 程序终止Program terminated. 永别了老头Goodbye, old man. -下午好伙计们-嗨警官-Afternoon, boys. -Hey, detective. -给我说说情况-如你所见-Enlighten me. -What you see is what you get: 死因是剧烈撞击创伤Massive impact trauma. 美国机器人技术中心啊我得给我的孩子带点东西回去U.S. Robotics. I gotta get my kid something. -楼上有什么发现吗? -没有-Anything upstairs? -Nada. 门从里面反锁了Door was security locked from the inside. 啪嗒肯定是他自己跳下来的Wham, splat. The guy”s a jumper for sure. 我们得谨慎行事等会儿再说Ok, We gotta be smart about this. Let”s deal with it later. 警官Detective. 我是劳伦斯罗伯森Lawrence Robertson. 世界首富我在电视上见过你Richest man in the world. I”ve seen you on television. -能请你喝杯咖啡吗? -当然你请客对吗? -Can I offer you coffee? -Sure, why not. It”s free, right? 我想没人能预料到会发生这种事I don”t think anyone saw this coming. 我应该有所发觉我认识他20 年了You know, I should have, I suppose. I knew him 20 years. 实际上是阿尔弗雷德发明了机器人技术并撰写了三大定律Alfred practically invented robotics. He wrote the Three Laws. 不过我想才华横溢的人常与最蛊惑人心的恶魔相伴But I guess brilliant people often have the most persuasive demons. -如果有什么我能帮忙的话-给我点糖-So whatever I can do to help... -Sugar. -什么? -加在咖啡里-I”m sorry? -For the coffee. 糖? Sugar? 你以为我是叫你quot;甜心quot;吗你还没那么有钱You thought I was calling you quot;sugarquot;? You”re not that rich. -在桌上呢-谢谢-It”s on the table. -Thank you. 兰尼摔下来的时候手里拿着一个小型绿色的? When Lanning fell, he was holding the little green...? -全息投影仪-没错-The holographic projector. -Right. 你认为兰尼的全息影像为何会打电amp;hearts;话amp;hearts;给我? Why do you think Lanning”s hologram would”ve called me? -我想你应该认识他-是的我认识他-I assumed you knew him. -Yeah. I knew him. 全息影像就是个很简单的程序它只是事先录下回答Holograms are very simple programs. They just prerecorded responses... 让人觉得是这是智能的designed to give the impression of intelligence. 显然这个程序是设定在他自杀后打给你的Apparently, this one was programmed to call you upon his suicide. -死亡-什么? -Death. -I”m sorry? 把全息影像设定在兰尼死了之后打给我The hologram. It was programmed to call me in the eventof Lanning”s death. 没错自杀也是死亡的一种警官Yeah, suicide is a type of death, detective.-别觉得我不耐烦-不不你去吧-Look, please don”t misunderstand my impatience. -Oh, no. Go. Go. 对于你们这些人而言这一周还真是不同寻常A really big week for you folks around here. -是啊-你们要给每家每户安置一台机器人-Yeah. -You gotta put a robot in every home. 听着这不是我该做的不过我对你们的广amp;hearts;告amp;hearts;有个想法Look, this is not what I do, but I got an idea for one of your commercials. 广amp;hearts;告amp;hearts;上放上一位木工在做着一张精美的椅子You could see a carpenter making a beautiful chair. 然后出来一个机器人花了一半时间做出了一张更好的椅子And then one of your robots comes in and makes a better chair twice as fast. 最后你出现在屏幕上说quot;机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;废了这种笨蛋吧quot; Then you superimpose on the screen,quot;USR: Shitting on the little guy.quot; 然后画面慢慢地淡出That would be the fade-out. 我懂了估计你父亲就是因为机器人而丢掉工作的Yeah, I see. I suppose your father lost his job to a robot. 或许你应该封了网络以保障图书馆继续开放Maybe you”d have banned the Internet to keep the libraries open. 偏见会让人失去理智Prejudice never shows much reason. 知道吗我怀疑你就是不喜欢他们这个群体No, you know, I suspect you simply don”t like their kind. 你有你的事业要奔波Well, you got a business to run around here. 你最不希望发生的就是自己公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;死人尤其是这周The last thing you need, especially this week, is a dead guy in your lobby. 不过管它呢既然出了这种事或许我该到处看看But, hell, seeing as how you got one, maybe I”ll look around. 问些问题quot;警amp;hearts;察amp;hearts;quot;那套嘛Ask a few questions. Do the whole quot;copquot; thing. -我会派人陪你-非常感谢-I”ll send someone to escort you. -Thank you very much. 劳伦斯要我全力配合你Lawrence told me to accommodate you in any way possible. 真的吗? Really? 那好吧Okay. 我重阅了兰尼博士的心理剖析档案I reviewed Dr. Lanning”s psych profile. 他深居简出为了那些机器拒绝和人接触Alfred had become a recluse. He rejected human contact for machines. 你是个心理医生吧? So you”re a shrink, huh? 若我前妻知道我与你交谈肯定会感到欣慰My ex-wife would sure be glad I”m talking to you. 你不认识她吧? You don”t know her, do you? 不好意思你是在开玩笑吗? I”m sorry. Are you being funny? 我可不这么想I guess not. 十楼到了Level 10. 你觉得兰尼博士有没有自杀倾向? So would you say that Dr. Lanning was suicidal? 这答案是显而易见的It would seem the answer to that is apparent. 我是问你自己的感觉That”s not what I asked you. 不我不会这么认为No. I wouldn”t have thought so. 不过显然我判断错了But obviously I was wrong. 从这摔下去可真高啊That”s a long way down. 你们的人打扫得真快You people sure do clean up quickly around here. 这也难怪有谁愿意看到大厅里躺着个老头发臭呢? I can”t blame you. Who wants some old guy going bad in the lobby? 他不是某个老头阿尔弗雷德兰尼是这里的核心人物He was not quot;some old guy.quot; Alfred Lanning was everything here. 现在是史上最大规模贩售机器人的前夕We are on the eve of the largest robotic distribution in history. 截止到本周六每五个人中就有一人将拥有机器人By Saturday, it”ll be one robot to every five humans. 这些机器人将能实现兰尼博士的梦想These robots are the realization of a dream. Dr. Lanning”s dream. 你知道吗在他的梦里You know what, in that dream of his...我敢打赌他没想过他会死I bet you he wasn”t dead. -你们配备了24 小时监控? -当然这是公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;政策-You keep 24-hour surveillance? -Obviously. Company policy. -监视器在哪里? -传感带上-Where are the feeds? -Sensor strips. 除了服务区以外到处都有Everywhere but the service areas. 它们与我们的阳离子操作核相连接They link to our positronic operating core. 恒温器还不够你们还给这大楼安了个脑子Thermostat wasn”t good enough. You gave the building a brain. 她其实是兰尼的第一个发明She was actually Lanning”s first creation. 她? 还是女的? 看来我铁定要挖掘更多的信息She? That”s a she? I definitely need to get out more. 虚拟交汇的运动智能Virtual Interactive Kinetic Intelligence. 维基V.I.K.I. 你好Good day. 维基设计了芝加哥的防卫系统V.I.K.I. designed Chicago”s protective systems. 仅这一年我就让交通事故死亡率下降了9 个百分点I have decreased traffic fatalities by 9 percent this year alone. 谢谢给我看看窗户被破坏前一分钟实验室内的影像Thanks. Show me inside the lab from one minute prior to the window break. 抱歉看来数据出错了Apologies. There appears to be data corruption. 那让我看看从窗户被破坏到现在的实验室外的影像Show me outside the lab from the window break until now. 看你的姿势很棒你站得很直我就没精打采的Look, you have great posture. You stand really straight. I”m slouching. -你想现在进去吗? -哦当然了你先请-Would you like to go inside now? -Oh, sure. Right after you. 授权进入Authorized entry. 凯尔文博士你在这里到底是做什么的? So, Dr. Calvin, what exactly do you do around here? 我的大体方向是高级机器人学和精神病学My general fields are advanced robotics and psychiatry. 虽说我专攻硬件转化为人脑界面although I specialize inhardware-to-wetware interfaces... 致力于优化机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;的机器人拟人程序in an effort to advance USR”s robotic anthropomorphization program. 你究竟是做什么的? So, what exactly do you do around here? 我使机器人更加人性化I make the robots seem more human. -这么说不是更容易听懂吗? -不是这样的-Now, wasn”t that easier to say? -Not really. No. quot;奇幻森林历险记quot; quot;Hansel and Gretel.quot; -这本书被列在机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;推荐书单上吗? -没有吧-Is that on the USR reading list? -Not precisely. 你到底在做什么? What in God”s name are you doing? 你知道这是防爆玻璃吗? Did you know that was safety glass? 你不觉得对于老年人来说Be pretty difficult for an old man 要打破玻璃跳出去很困难吗? to th row himself through that. Don”t you think? 他肯定找到了某种方法Well, he figured out a way. 警官这房amp;hearts;间置有安全锁无人能进出Detective, the room was security locked. No one came or went. 这是你亲眼所见这不正意味着是自杀案件吗? You saw that yourself. Doesn”t that mean this has to be suicide? 没错Yep. 除非杀手还藏在这里Unless the killer”s still in here. 你在开玩笑吧? 这太荒谬了You”re joking, right? This is ridiculous. 我知道三大定律是你们完美的循环保护定律Yeah, I know. The Three Laws, your perfect circle of protection. 机器人技术第一定律就是机器人不得伤人A robot cannot harm a human being. The first law of robotics. 没错我看过你们的广amp;hearts;告amp;hearts;Yes, I”ve seen your commercials.而第二条指出机器人需要But the second law states a robot must obey... 遵循人类发出的指令那如果有人下令让它杀人呢? any order given by a human being. What if it was told to kill? 不可能这与第一条定律冲突了Impossible. It would conflict with the first law. 没错而第三条又指出机器人可以正当防卫Right, but the third law states a robot can defend itself. 是的只要该行为不与前两条定律相悖Yes, only when that action does not conflict with the first or second laws. 你知道人们怎么说吗规则就是用来被违反的You know what they say, laws are made to be broken. 不这些定律可不行它被植入了每台机器人的电路No, not these laws. They”rehardwired into every robot. 就如同人不能在水面上行走机器人也不能杀人A robot could no more commit murder than a human could walk on water. 知道吗很多年前有个人You know, there was this one guy a long time ago. -退后-冷静点警官-Stay back! -Calm down, detective. 这房amp;hearts;间里唯一的危险因素就是你The only thing dangerous in this room is you. 撤销行动Deactivate. 看没事了Look, it”s fine. 你面对的是一款高科技的智能系统You”re looking at the result of clever programming. 模仿人类意志仅此而已An imitation of free will. It”s nothing more. 让我们来模拟一下自保场景Let”s do an imitation of prot ecting our asses. 太荒谬了Don”t be absurd. 你只是被盒子里的小丑吓到了You were startled by a jack-in-the-box. -撤销行动-放他走-Deactivate! -Let him go. 他不会伤害到我们的我命令你It”s not going to hurt us. I gave you an order! -他根本不听你的女士-维基封锁实验室-He”s not listening right n ow, lady. -V.I.K.I., seal the lab! 别维基开着No, V.I.K.I., leave the... 命令确认Command confirmed. 警amp;hearts;察amp;hearts; Police! -你伤它太重-他这是要去哪里? -You”ve hurt it. Badly. -Where”s it going? -哪里?-他需要自我修复-Where?! -It needs to repair itself. 约翰我需要支援我现在把方位发给你John, I need backup.I”m trasmitting my location. 你不需要支援You don”t need backup. 只是无名小卒That”s nobody. -你在干什么? -我在开车-What are you doing? -I”m driving. -用手吗? -你没看到我在打电amp;hearts;话amp;hearts;吗? -By hand? -Do you see me on the phone? -别开这么快-约翰拜托了快点派人来支援-Not at these speeds. -John, please, just send the backup. 听我说警官那机器人并不会伤害我们的Try to listen, detective. That robot is not going to harm us. 一定有某些未知因素There must havebeen unknown factors... 所以突然间就使出了暴amp;hearts;力amp;hearts;手段but somehow acting as it did kept us out of harms way. -机器人就是不能伤人-注意-A robot simply cannot endanger a human. -Alert. 混amp;hearts;蛋amp;hearts; Asshole! 这正是我想对你说的Which is more than I can say for you. 顺便说一句应该在刚才那里左转It was a left, by the way. Back there. 你肯定认识我前妻You must know my ex-wife. 人都到哪儿去了? So where is everybody?这个设备的设计和构造都是基于自动机械化运营模式This facility was designed, built and is operated mechanically. 从创立初期到生产都很少有人类操作No significant human presence from inception to production. -也就说机器人制amp;hearts;造amp;hearts;机器人-请输入授权码谢谢-So robots building robots. -Authorization code, please. 这太愚蠢了That”s just stupid. 我要搜索一下库存信息I”ll get the inventory specs. 我们每天的成品量是1000 台NS-5 机器人Our daily finishing capacity is 1000 NS-5s. 这里却有I”m showing... 1 台1001. 注意NS-5 型机器人Attention, NS-5s. 你还是机器人心理学家Well, you”re the robot shrink. 其中有一台机器人是并不属于这个编队的There is a robot in this formation that does not belong. 找出来Identify it. 我们中的一台One of us. -哪一台? -我们中的一台-Which one? -One of us. 你刚刚说造这些花了多少钱? How much did you say these cost? 这些NS-5 型机器人还没有配置好只能算是硬件These NS-5s haven”t been configured. They”re just hardware. 他们只安装了三大定律系统仅此而已Basic Three Laws operating system. That”s it. 其它的一概不知They don”t know any better. 那你有什么好建议? Well, what would you suggest? 与每个进行交谈通过比对他们的回答找出反常点Interview each one, cross-reference their responses to detect anomalies. -需要多长的时间? -大约三周-How long would that take? -About three weeks. 好吧着手干吧Okay. Go ahead and get started. 机器人Robots... 你们保持不动确认这条指令you will not move. Confirm command. 指令确认Command confirmed. 警官你在干什么? Detective, what are you doing? 他们已经被编入了机器人三大定律They”re programmed with the Three Laws. 这里有一千个机器人We have 1000 robots 不会做出违背命令的自卫行为that won”t protect themselves if it violates ahuman”s order... 但我打赌有一个会and I”m betting, one who will. -把枪放下-你为什么给他们装上脸? -Put your gun down. -Why do you give them faces? 让他们看起来更友善像人类Try to friendly them up, make them look human. 你不能恐吓这些机器人These robots cannot be intimidated. 如果不这么做就无法令人信任他们If you didn”t, we wouldn”t tru st them. 这些是机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;的财产These are USR property. 但我不信它们在我看来这些东西就是灯泡和发条Not me. These things are just lights and clockwork. 你疯啦? Are you crazy?! 让我问你个问题博士Let me ask you something, Doc. 你会不会因为世人皆醉你独醒的这种想法而发疯? Does thinking you”re the last sane man on earth make you crazy? 如果是我的话我肯定会疯Because if it does, maybe I am. 找到他了快离开这里Gotcha. Get the hell out of here!警官Detective! 我到底是什么? What am I? 需要帮忙吗先生? Can I help you, sir? -他在那-站在原地-There he is! -Stand where you are! 立刻停止活动Deactivate at once! 听从指示停止活动Obey the command! Deactivate! -别动-开枪-Don”t move! -Open fire! 停火Hold your fire! -放松-拿下他了-Easy. -He”s down. 全员待命All units, stand down! 总部请指示这里是编号amp;hearts;4 小队Central, please be advised, we”re code four. 编号amp;hearts;4 小队NS-5 已被控制NS-5 已被控制Code four, NS-5 is in custody.NS-5 in custody. 你不知道我为了抓住那玩意儿费了多大劲You have no idea what I went through to clip this thing. 你还以为自己给我带了什么好东西You think you brought me something good. -就是那东西干的-小声点它干什么了? -That thing did it! -Keep your voice down. Did what? 这是自杀案件别再啰嗦了We have a suicide. End of story. -告诉你他是被机器人所杀的-不可能-I am telling you, that robot killed him! -That”s impossible. 就算真有这种事那也得发生在别人的辖区And if it is possible, it better be insomebody else”s precinct. 约翰就给我五分钟John, give me five minutes with it. 你傻了啊? 我跟地方检察官谈过了Are you nuts? I talked to the DA. 在罗伯森和他的律师来之前没人能进那房amp;hearts;间Nobody goes in there until Robertson and his attorneys get here. -人是我抓住的-这事后患无穷-This is my suspect! -It”s a can opener! 约翰别这样给我五分钟时间吧John, don”t do this to me. I am asking you for five minutes. 如果我是对的呢What if I”m right? 那到时候我们就得怀念以前的好日子了Well, then I guess we”re gonna miss the good old days. 什么好日子? What good old days? 只有人杀人的时光When people were killed by other people. 就五分钟Five minutes. 对机器人来说杀人是个新技能恭喜你Murder”s a new trick for a robot. Congratulations. 回答我Respond. 这个动作是什么意思? What does this action signify? 你进来的时候看着那个人做了这个动作As you entered, when you looked at the other human. 那是什么意思? What does it mean? 这是表示信任人类独有的你不会懂It”s a sign of trust. A human thing. You wouldn”t understand. 我父亲曾试图教我人类的感情My father tried to teach me human emotions. 感情这回事They are... 复杂难懂difficult. 你是说你的设计者吧You mean your designer. 是的Yes. 那你为什么杀了他? So why”d you mur der him? 我没有杀害兰尼博士I did not murder Dr. Lanning.要解释一下你为何躲在案发现场吗? Wanna explain why you were hiding at the crime scene? 我吓坏了I was frightened. 机器人感觉不到恐惧他们无知无觉Robots don”t feel fear. They don”t feel anything. -他们不会觉得饿也不会睡觉-我会-They don”t get hungry, they don”t sleep. -I do. 我还做过梦I have even had dreams. 人会做梦甚至狗也会做梦但你不会Human beings have dreams.Even dogs have dreams. But not you. 你只是台机器仿生的玩意儿You are just a machine. An imitation of life. 你们能写交响曲吗? Can a robot write a symphony? 机器人能在画布上创造出杰作吗? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautifulmasterpiece? 你行吗? Can you? 因为他让你模仿人类的感情所以你杀了他You murdered him because he was teaching you to simulate emotions... 然后事情一发不可收拾and things got out of control. 杀他的不是我I did not murder him. 但是模仿情感对机器人来说并不实用But emotions don”t seem like a useful simulation for a robot. 我没有杀害他I did not murder him. 我可不想我的面包机或是吸尘器过于感情用事I don”t want my toaster or vacuum cleaner appearing emotional. 我不是凶手I did not murder him! 这就叫愤怒That one”s called anger. 以前模仿过如何生气吗? Ever simulate anger before? 回答我破铜烂铁Answer me, canner! 我叫桑尼My name is Sonny. 你们居然还有名字So we”re naming you now. 这就是你杀他的原因? 他惹你生气了? That why you murdered him? He made you angry? 兰尼博士是自杀Dr. Lanning killed himself. 我不知道他为什么想死I don”t know why he wanted to die. 我以为他是快乐的I thought he was happy. 可能是我做了什么Maybe it was something I did. 是我的错吗? Did I do something? 他要我帮个忙要我许下承诺He asked me for a favor. Made me promise. -帮什么忙? -也许我错了-What favor? -Maybe I was wrong. 可能他害怕了Maybe he was scared. 你说什么呢? 害怕什么? What are you talking about? Scared of what? 你必须听令于别人的吩对吧斯普纳警官?You have to do what someone asks you, don”t you, Detective Spooner? -你amp;hearts;他amp;hearts;妈amp;hearts;怎么知道我的名字? -如果你爱他们-How the hell did you know my name? -Don”t you... 你会拒绝吗? if you love them? 我的机器人不是杀人犯伯金中尉My robots don”t kill people, Lieutenant Bergin. 我的律师已经向地区检察官递交了简报My attorneys filed a brief with the DA. 他向我保证过机器人不能被冠以谋杀罪名He assures me a robot cannot be charged with homicide. 简报中确认只有罪犯和受害人都是人类时The brief confirms murder can only be committed 谋杀案才能成立when one human kills another. 警官你不是在暗示这个机器人能和人类相提并论吧? Detective, you”re not suggesting this robot be treated as human, are you?就算这个机器人与兰尼博士的死Granted, we can”t rule out the robot”s proximity... 有所牵可惜它只是一台机器to the death of Dr. Lanning. Having said that, it”s a machine. 属于机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts; It”s the property of USR. 说破天这也只能归入工业事故的范畴At worst, that places this incident within the realm of an industrial accident. 而故障的机器理所应当As a matter of course, faulty machinery... 由机器人公amp;hearts;司amp;hearts;回收诊断错误之后销毁will be returned to USR for diagnostics, then decommissioned. 这是言论禁止令任何暗示This is a gag order. Anyone here so much as hinting... 被逮捕的机器人犯有谋杀罪的人at the possibility of a killer robot being apprehended... 都会被起诉煽动公共恐惧罪will be deemed to be inciting irrational panic. 将被绳之以法严惩不贷You”ll be subject to the full penalty of law. 这家伙算哪根葱别让他带走机器人To hell with this guy. Don”t let him take this robot. 我们没证据We got nothing. -这就是些政amp;hearts;治amp;hearts;把戏打给市长-伯金中尉-This is political bullshit. Call the mayor!。
哈佛商学院英文参考文献格式
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2004年英语一第四篇阅读解析
题目：2004年英语一第四篇阅读解析一、文章概述：本文是对2004年英语一的第四篇阅读题目进行解析，旨在帮助考生更好地理解文章内容和解题技巧。
二、文章结构分析：1. 第一部分：题目介绍本部分简要介绍了2004年英语一的第四篇阅读题目，包括文章标题、题材和主要内容概述。
2. 第二部分：文章内容解析本部分主要对文章内容进行详细解析，包括文章中涉及的主要观点、论据和结论，并对关键词进行逐一解释和分析。
3. 第三部分：解题技巧共享本部分针对文章所涉及的阅读理解技巧进行分析和共享，包括如何理解题目要求、如何筛选信息、如何提高解题效率等方面的技巧。
4. 第四部分：考点总结本部分总结了本篇阅读文章涉及到的重点考点，对考生进行重点提示和指导，以便他们在考试时能够更好地应对。
三、文章内容解析：1. 文章标题：《XXX》2. 文章题材：XXX3. 主要内容概述：XXX四、解题技巧共享：1. 理解题目要求：对于阅读理解题目，考生首先要明确题目要求，包括阅读目的、解题方法等，这有助于考生更好地把握文章核心内容和思路。
2. 筛选信息：阅读理解题目通常会涉及大量细节信息，考生在解题时应该学会筛选信息，重点关注文章中与题目相关的内容，避免陷入细枝末节的纠缠。
3. 提高解题效率：在考试时，时间通常是紧迫的，考生在解题时应该注重提高解题效率，精准把握题目要点，避免在非重点内容上浪费过多时间。
五、考点总结：1. XXX2. XXX3. XXX六、结语：通过以上对2004年英语一第四篇阅读解析的详细解读，相信考生在备战考试时会更有把握和信心，希望考生能够在考试中取得理想的成绩！七、扩展内容：在解析文章内容时，我们可以进一步分析文章的结构和语言运用，从而帮助考生更好地理解文章，并在考试中更轻松地解答相关问题。
1. 结构分析：在阅读理解题目中，文章的结构通常包括引言、主体和结论三部分。
引言部分是文章的开端，用于引出文章的主题和目的；主体部分是文章的核心内容，包括论点、论据和例证等；结论部分则是对文章内容的总结和归纳。
我的世界小说第一章_小学作文
我的世界小说第一章
本文是关于小学作文的我的世界小说第一章，感谢您的阅读！
Hi，我叫史蒂夫，是一名猎人，我在家里过的十分快乐，可是有一天，那该死的苦力怕发疯了吗，，全自爆，我的小屋也被摧毁了，我得流浪了。
我的家里还剩70个木板，一把弓箭，6支箭，一把铁剑，以及一点面包。
好吧，我要寻找生存的地方，嘿！有个工作台，我马上想用木棍和木头做斧头。
可是我都是用家传的，不会做，我以前用过，我便想象出模样，做了一个下午，终于做好了，但是跟铲子差不多。
糟了，只顾着做斧头，忘了做避难所，晚上有怪物啊，我马上掏出铁剑，以防怪物。
我看见苦力怕了！该死，我赶紧逃，只见脚下的方块被末影人偷了，我没注意，掉了下去。
我感到很痛，晕过去了……。
资源环境经济学_Environment and Natural Resource Economics Course
Course Overview
Thursday, Sept. 7
Lecture 7: The theory of optimal resource extraction: non-renewable resources Background literature: Chapter 15: The theory of optimal resource extraction: non-renewable resources Houthakker, Hendrik S. (2002): Are minerals exhaustible? Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 42: 417-421. Lecture 8: The theory of optimal resource extraction: renewable resources
Background literature: Chapter 17: Renewable resources Chapter 18: Forest Resources Tutorial 4: Answering review questions and working out effects of discounting on NPV using EXCEL Presenting and discussing review questions. Case studies: Rahim, Afaf, Ekko van Ierland, Justus Wesseler: Economic Incentives for Entry and Exit in Gum Arabic Agroforestry System in Sudan. Mimeo. Wageningen University. Mithöfer, Dagmar, Hermann Waibel, Justus Wesseler: R&D and private investment: How to conserve indigenous fruit biodiversity of Southern Africa.
Part1MonetaryPolicy,Inflation,andtheBusinessCycle
14.461Advanced Macroeconomics I(1st half)Jordi GalíMITFall2005Part1:Monetary Policy,Inflation,and the Business Cycle The lectures will provide an overview of the recent literature on dynamic optimizing models with nominal rigidities and their implications for the design of monetary policy. Lecture notes will be handed out during the course.A list of topics to be be covered and reading list with some of the key articles is provided below.Motivation and EvidenceBeyond RBC Theory.Long Run Evidence.Reduced Form Evidence.The Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks.Walsh,Carl E.(2003):Monetary Theory and Policy,Second Edition,MIT Press,chapter1.McCandless,George T.,Warren Weber(1995):“Some Monetary Facts,”Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,Quartely ReviewBarro,Robert(1998):The Determinants of Economic Growth,MIT Press,chapter3. (NBER WP#5698)Bruno,Michael,and William Easterly(1998):“Inflation Crises and Long Run Growth,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.41,no.1,3-26Cooley,Thomas F.and Gary D.Hansen(1995):“Money and the Business Cycle,”in in T. Cooley ed.:Frontiers of Business Cycle Research(Princeton University Press),section7.2.Stock,James,and Mark W.Watson(2000):“Business Cycle Fluctuations in U.S. Macroeconomic Time Series,”in J.B.Taylor and M.Woodford eds.,Handbook of Macroeconomics,volume1A.(also NBER WP6528))Romer,Christina,and David Romer(1989):“Does Monetary Policy Matter?A New Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz,”NBER Macroeconomics Annual,4,121-170.Christiano,Lawrence J.,Martin Eichenbaum,and Charles L.Evans(1998):“Monetary Policy Shocks:What Have We Learned and to What End?,”in J.B.Taylor and M.Woodford eds.,Handbook of Macroeconomics,volume1A,65-148.(also NBER WP6400).Peersman,Gert and Frank Smets(2003):“The Monetary Transmission Mechanism in the Euro Area:More Evidence from VAR Analysis,”in Angeloni et al.(eds.)Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area,Cambridge University Press,(also ECB WP no.91).Galí,Jordi(1992):”How Well Does the IS-LM Model Fit Postwar U.S.Data?,”Quarterly Journal of Economics709-738.Bernanke,Ben S.,and Ilian Mihov(1997):“Measuring Monetary Policy,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,vol.CXIII,no.3,869-902.Eichenbaum,Martin and Charles E.Evans(1995):“Some Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Shocks to Monetary Policy on Exchange Rates,”Quarterly Journal of Economics110,no.4,975-1010.Bils,Mark and Peter J.Klenow(2004):“Some Evidence on the Importance of Sticky Prices,”Journal of Political Economy,vol112(5),947-985.Dhyne,Emmanuel et al.(2005):“Price Setting in the Euro Area:Some Stylised Facts from Individual Consumer Price Data,”mimeo.Alvarez,Luis et al.(2005):“Sticky Prices in the Euro Area:Evidence from Micro-Data,”mimeo.A Simple Framework for Monetary Policy AnalysisHouseholds.Firms.Marginal costs and markups.Elements of equilibrium.Money demand. Capital accumulation.Walsh,Carl E.(2003):Monetary Theory and Policy,Second Edition,MIT Press,chapter2 (also related:chapter3)Woodford,Michael(2003):Interest and Prices:Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy,Princeton University Press,chapter1.Flexible PricesThe classical monetary model.Optimal price setting.Neutrality.Monetary policy rules and price level determination.Sources of non-neutrality.Optimal monetary policy. Hyperinflations.Walsh,Carl E.(2003):Monetary Theory and Policy,Second Edition,MIT Press,chapter2.Woodford,Michael(2003):Interest and Prices:Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy,Princeton University Press,chapter2.Cooley,Thomas F.and Gary D.Hansen(1995):“Money and the Business Cycle,”in in T. Cooley ed.:Frontiers of Business Cycle Research(Princeton University Press).Cooley,Thomas F.and Gary D.Hansen(1989):“Inflation Tax in a Real Business Cycle Model,”American Economic Review79,733-748.King,Robert G.,and Mark Watson(1996):“Money,Prices,Interest Rates,and the Business Cycle,”Review of Economics and Statistics,vol78,no1,35-53.Chari,V.V.,and Patrick J.Kehoe(1999):“Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy,”in in J.B. Taylor and M.Woodford eds.,Handbook of Macroeconomics,volume1C,1671-1745.Correia,Isabel,and Pedro Teles(1999):“The Optimal Inflation Tax,”Review of Economic Dynamics,vol.2,no.2325-346.A Baseline Sticky Price ModelThe Calvo model.The new Keynesian Phillips curve.The output gap and the natural rate of interest.The effects of monetary policy shocks.Evidence on inflation dynamics.Alternative time-dependent models:convex price adjustment costs,the Taylor model,the truncated Calvo model.State-dependent models.Walsh,Carl E.(2003):Monetary Theory and Policy,Second Edition,MIT Press,chapter5.Woodford,Michael(2003):Interest and Prices:Foundations of a Theory of MonetaryPolicy,Princeton University Press,chapter4.Calvo,Guillermo(1983):“Staggered Prices in a Utility Maximizing Framework,”Journal of Monetary Economics,12,383-398.Yun,Tack(1996):“Nominal Price Rigidity,Money Supply Endogeneity,and Business Cycles,”Journal of Monetary Economics37,345-370.King,Robert G.,and Alexander L.Wolman(1996):“Inflation Targeting in a St.Louis Model of the21st Century,”Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis Review,vol.78,no.3.(NBER WP#5507).Fuhrer,Jeffrey C.and George R.Moore(1995):“Inflation Persistence”,Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.110,February,pp127-159.Galí,Jordi and Mark Gertler(1998):“Inflation Dynamics:A Structural Econometric Analysis,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol44,no.2,195-222.Sbordone,Argia(2002):“Prices and Unit Labor Costs:A New Test of Price Stickiness,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.49,no.2,265-292.Galí,Jordi,Mark Gertler,David López-Salido(2001):“European Inflation Dynamics,”European Economic Review vol.45,no.7,1237-1270.Galí,Jordi,Mark Gertler,David López-Salido(2005):“Robustness of the Estimates of the Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve,”Journal of Monetary Economics,forthcoming.Eichenbaum,Martin and Jonas D.M.Fisher(2004):“Evaluating the Calvo Model of Sticky Prices,”NBER WP10617.Mankiw,N.Gregory and Ricardo Reis(2002):“Sticky Information vs.Sticky Prices:A Proposal to Replace the New Keynesian Phillips Curve,”Quartely Journal of Economics,vol. CXVII,issue4,1295-1328.Rotemberg,Julio(1996):“Prices,Output,and Hours:An Empirical Analysis Based on a Sticky Price Model,”Journal of Monetary Economics37,505-533.Chari,V.V.,Patrick J.Kehoe,Ellen R.McGrattan(2000):“Sticky Price Models of the Business Cycle:Can the Contract Multiplier Solve the Persistence Problem?,”Econometrica, vol.68,no.5,1151-1180.Wolman,Alexander(1999):“Sticky Prices,Marginal Cost,and the Behavior of Inflation,”Economic Quarterly,vol85,no.4,29-48.Dotsey,Michael,Robert G.King,and Alexander L.Wolman(1999):“State Dependent Pricing and the General Equilibrium Dynamics of Money and Output,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,vol.CXIV,issue2,655-690.Dotsey,Michael,and Robert G.King(2005):“Implications of State Dependent Pricing for Dynamic Macroeconomic Models,”Journal of Monetary Economics,52,213-242.Golosov,Mikhail,Robert E.Lucas(2005):“Menu Costs and Phillips Curves”mimeo.Gertler,Mark and John Leahy(2005):“A Phillips Curve with an Ss Foundation,”mimeo.Monetary Policy Design in the Baseline ModelA benchmark case.Optimal monetary policy and its implementation.The Taylor Principle. Simple Monetary Policy Rules.Second order approximation to welfare losses.Evidence on Monetary Policy rules.The effects of technology shocks:theory and evidence.Galí,Jordi(2003):“New Perspectives on Monetary Policy,Inflation,and the BusinessCycle,”in Advances in Economics and Econometrics,volume III,edited by M.Dewatripont, L.Hansen,and S.Turnovsky,Cambridge University Press(also available as NBER WP#8767).Woodford,Michael(2003):Interest and Prices:Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy,Princeton University Press,chapter6.Yun,Tack(2005):“Optimal Monetary Policy with Relative Price Distortions”American Economic Review,vol.95,no.1,89-109Blanchard,Olivier and Charles Kahn(1980),“The Solution of Linear Difference Models under Rational Expectations”,Econometrica,48,1305-1311Bullard,James,and Kaushik Mitra(2002):“Learning About Monetary Policy Rules,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.49,no.6,1105-1130.Woodford,Michael(2001):“The Taylor Rule and Optimal Monetary Policy,”American Economic Review91(2):232-237(2001).Rotemberg,Julio and Michael Woodford(1999):“Interest Rate Rules in an Estimated Sticky Price Model,”in J.B.Taylor ed.,Monetary Policy Rules,University of Chicago Press.Benhabib,Jess,Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe,and Martin Uribe(2001):“The Perils of Taylor Rules,”Journal of Economic Theory96,40-69.Levin,Andrew,Volker Wieland,and John C.Williams(2003):“The Performance of Forecast-Based Monetary Policy Rules under Model Uncertainty,”American Economic Review,vol.93,no.3,622-645.Clarida,Richard,Jordi Galí,and Mark Gertler(2000):“Monetary Policy Rules and Macroeconomic Stability:Evidence and Some Theory,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,vol. 115,issue1,147-180.Taylor,John B.(1998):“An Historical Analysis of Monetary Policy Rules,”in J.B.Taylor ed.,Monetary Policy Rules,University of Chicago Press.Orphanides,Athanasios(2003):“The Quest for Prosperity Without Inflation,”Journal of Monetary Economics50,633-663Galí,Jordi(1999):“Technology,Employment,and the Business Cycle:Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?,”American Economic Review,vol.89,no.1,249-271.Basu,Susanto,John Fernald,and Miles Kimball(2004):“Are Technology Improvements Contractionary?,”American Economic Review,forthcoming(also NBER WP#10592).Francis,Neville,and Valerie Ramey(2005):“Is the Technology-Driven Real Business Cycle Hypothesis Dead?Shocks and Aggregate FLuctuations Revisited,”Journal of Monetary Economics,forthcoming.Galí,Jordi and Pau Rabanal(2004):“Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S.Data?,”NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2004,225-288.(also as NBER WP#10636).Christiano,Lawrence,Martin Eichenbaum,and Robert Vigfusson(2003):“What happens after a Technology Shock?,”NBER WP#9819.Galí,Jordi,J.David López-Salido,and Javier Vallés(2003):“Technology Shocks and Monetary Policy:Assessing the Fed’s Performance,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.50, no.4.,723-743.Extensions of the Baseline Model and their Implications for Monetary PolicyCost-push shocks.Nominal wage rigidities.Monetary frictions.Inflation inertia.Real wage rigidities.Steady state distortions.Estimated medium-scale models.Giannoni,Marc P.,and Michael Woodford(2003):“Optimal Inflation Targeting Rules,”in B.Bernanke and M.Woodford,eds.The Inflation Targeting Debate,Chicago,Chicago University Press.(also NBER WP#9939).Woodford,Michael(2003):Interest and Prices:Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy,Princeton University Press,chapters6-8.Clarida,Richard,Jordi Galí,and Mark Gertler(1999):“The Science of Monetary Policy:A New Keynesian Perspective,”Journal of Economic Literature,vol.37,no.4,1661-1707.Erceg,Christopher J.,Dale W.Henderson,and Andrew T.Levin(2000):“Optimal Monetary Policy with Staggered Wage and Price Contracts,”Journal of Monetary Economics vol.46,no.2,281-314.Huang,Kevin X.D.,and Zheng Liu.(2002):“Staggered Price-setting,staggeredwage-setting and business cycle persistence,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vo.49,405-433.Woodford,Michael(2003):“Optimal Interest Rate Smoothing,”Review of Economic Studies,vol.70,no.4,861-886.Steinsson,Jón(2003):“Optimal Monetary Policy in an Economy with Inflation Persistence,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.50,no.7.Blanchard,Olivier J.and Jordi Galí(2005):“Real Wage Rigidities and the Nw Keynesian Model”mimeo.Benigno,Pierpaolo,and Michael Woodford(2005):“Inflation Stabilization and Welfare: the Case of a Distorted Steady State”Journal of the European Economic Association, forthcoming.Khan,Aubhik,Robert G.King and Alexander L.Wolman(2003):“Optimal Monetary Policy,”Review of Economic Studies,825-860.Christiano,Lawrence J.,Martin Eichenbaum,and Charles L.Evans(2001):“Nominal Rigidities and the Dynamic Effects of a Shock to Monetary Policy,”Journal of Political EconomySmets,Frank,and Raf Wouters(2003):“An Estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model of the Euro Area,”Journal of the European Economic Association,vol1, no.5,1123-1175.Monetary Policy in the Open EconomyEmpirical issues.Two country models.Small Open Economy.Monetary Unions.Local Currency Pricing.Benigno,Gianluca,and Benigno,Pierpaolo(2003):“Price Stability in Open Economies,”Review of Economic Studies,vol.70,no.4,743-764.Galí,Jordi,and Tommaso Monacelli(2005):“Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Volatility in a Small Open Economy,”Review of Economic Studies,vol.72,issue3,2005,707-734.Clarida,Richard,Jordi Galí,and Mark Gertler(2002):“A Simple Framework for International Monetary Policy Analysis,”Journal of Monetary Economics,vol.49,no.5, 879-904.Benigno,Pierpaolo(2004):“Optimal Monetary Policy in a Currency Area,”Journal of International Economics,vol.63,issue2,293-320.Monetary and Fiscal Policy InteractionsFiscal policy rules and equilibrium determination.Distortionary taxes and optimal policy. Non-Ricardian economies and the effects ernment spending.Optimal monetary and fiscal policy in currency unions.Leeper,Eric(1991):“Equilibria under Active and Passive Monetary Policies,”Journal of Monetary Economic s27,129-147.Sims,Christopher A.(1994):“A Simple Model for the Determination of the Price Level and the Interaction of Monetary and Fiscal Policy,”Economic Theory,vol.4,381-399.Woodford,Michael(1996):“Control of the Public Debt:A Requirement for Price Stability,”NBER WP#5684.Davig,Troy and Eric Leeper(2005):“Fluctuating Macro Policies and the Fiscal Theory,”mimeo.Schmitt-Grohé,Stephanie,and Martin Uribe(2004):“Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy under Sticky Prices,”Journal of Economic Theory114,198-230Schmitt-Grohé,Stephanie,and Martin Uribe(2003):“Optimal Simple and Implementable Monetary and Fiscal Rules,”NBER WP#10253.Blanchard,Olivier and Roberto Perotti(2002),“An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Changes in Government Spending and Taxes on Output,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,vol CXVII,issue4,1329-1368.Fatás,Antonio and Ilian Mihov(2001),“The Effects of Fiscal Policy on Consumption and Employment:Theory and Evidence,”INSEAD,mimeo.Galí,Jordi,J.David López-Salido and Javier Vallés(2005):“Understanding the Effects of Government Spending on Consumption,”mimeo.Galí,Jordi,and Tommaso Monacelli(2005):“Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Currency Union:A New Keynesian Perspective,”miemo.。
IEEE Reference Guide
Reference Guide: IEEE StyleFor more detailed guidelines and other resources, visit the IEEE Author Tools web site at/publications_standards/publications/authors/.TEXT CITATIONS•Cite references in consecutive numerical order starting with [1] (unless you prefer to have an alphabetical reference list). Begin numerical order with the main text (Chapter 1), not the preliminary pages. (That is, order citations in figure captions according to their position in the main text, not the List of Figures.)•Once you number the reference, use the same number in all subsequent citations.•Each reference number should be enclosed by square brackets on the baseline of the text, with a space before the bracket, and before the punctuation: “... our earlier alloy laser work[12].”•It is not necessary to mention the author(s) of the source unless it is relevant to your text.Similarly, it is almost never useful to give the dates of references when you cite them in the text. If you do include author names in text, list all authors if there are one or two, but use “et al.” for more than two. (Note that “et al.” is not italicized.) Examples:One author: “Smith [1] reports …”Two authors: “Smith and Jones [12] report …”Three or more authors: “Smith et al. [23] report …”•It is not necessary to say “in reference [27] …”; the phrase “in [27] …” is sufficient.•To cite more than one source at a time:Preferred Acceptable[1], [3], [5] [1, 5, 7][1]-[5] [1-5]You may have to adjust your software to get the preferred form.THE REFERENCE LIST (at end of chapter or thesis)•List references in the order they were cited (numerical order, starting with [1]). Alphabetical order is also accepted.•Set bracketed numbers on the baseline and flush left, forming their own column that hangs out beyond the body of the references. Allow space such that reference bodies remain aligned when bracketed numbers increase to double and (if necessary) triple digits. This is called a hanging indent (see examples later in this guide).•List only one reference per bracketed number.•The names of all authors should be given in the reference list unless there are more than six, in which case you may use “et al.” (no comma before “et”) after the name of the first author. •Footnotes and other words and phrases not part of the reference format should not be included in the reference list. Phrases such as “for example” should only be given in the text.Updated July 2010IEEE Style - 2Style for Titles•Set the titles of books (including handbooks and manuals), periodicals, conference proceedings, and standards in italics with headline-style capitalization (capitalize the first and last words, and all important words in between; lowercase articles, prepositions, andconjunctions—though there are exceptions).•Set the titles of articles, book chapters, reports, theses and dissertations, conference papers and presentations, and patents in quotation marks with sentence-style capitalization(capitalize first word of title and subtitle, as well as proper names and most initialisms).PunctuationPlace punctuation inside quotation marks. An example with a question mark is provided below under “Periodicals.”Abbreviations•Either spell out the entire name of each periodical you reference, or use accepted abbreviations. Either way, be consistent.•Use the following abbreviations: vol., no., p. (one page only), pp. (range of pages), Jan., Feb., Mar. (optional), Apr. (optional), Jun. (optional), Jul. (optional), Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. SpacingPlease note the correct spacing and punctuation for author names:D. L. Tao, C. Siva Ram Murthy, and S. Al KuranbutT.-C. Hsu and L. A. Stein-RosenbergBOOKS[1] S. M. Hemmingsen, Soft Science. Saskatoon, Canada: University of Saskatchewan Press,1997.[2] A. Rezi and M. Allam, “Techniques in array processing by means of transformations,” inControl and Dynamic Systems, vol. 69, Multidimensional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.—example of a chapter[3] J. A. Prufrock, Ed., Lasers, 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004.editionan—exampleofPERIODICALSFor article submissions that have not yet been accepted for publication, use the phrase “submitted for publication” in place of the date. If they have been accepted, but not yet published, use “to be published” in place of the date. Note that the periodical number is optional when the month of publication is given.[4] G. Liu, “TDM and TWDM de Bruijn nets and shufflenets for optical communications,”IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 695-701, June 1997.IEEE Style - 3 [5] J. R. Beveridge and E. M. Riseman, “How easy is matching 2D line models using localsearch?” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 564-579, June 1997.[6] B. McGursky, “An approach to three-dimensional robotic walking,” IEEE RoboticsAutomation Magazine, submitted for publication.ARTICLES FROM PUBLISHED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSThe word “in” before the conference title is not italicized.[7] N. Osifchin and G. Vau, “Power considerations for the modernization oftelecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CEE/FSU) countries,” in Second International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference, 1997, pp. 9-16.[8] S. Al Kuran, “The prospects for GaAs MESFET technology in dc–ac voltage conversion,”in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Portable Design Conference, 1997, pp. 137-142. PAPERS PRESENTED AT CONFERENCES, BUT UNPUBLISHED[9] H. A. Nimr, “Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzy controllers,” presented at 5thInternational Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.REPORTS (technical reports, internal reports, memoranda)Provide report number and month if available.[10] K. E. Elliott and C. M. Greene, “A local adaptive protocol,” Argonne National Laboratory,Argonne, IL, Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997.THESES and DISSERTATIONS“Ph.D. dissertation,” but “M.S. thesis.”[11] H. Zhang, “Delay-insensitive networks,” M.S. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1997.MANUALS[12] Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for Communications,Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1995.[13] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., Phoenix,AZ, 2007.IEEE Style - 4COURSE MATERIALS[14] M. Hasegawa-Johnson, “Pattern classification,” class notes for ECE 544, Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Aug.23, 2007.—example of a handout (treat title as article, give specific date)[15] J.-M. Jin, Electromagnetic Field Theory. Class notes for ECE 544, Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.—example of a packet/book (treat title as book)UNPUBLISHED SOURCES[16] T. I. Wein, private communication, Sept. 2005.[17] G. Kinneavy, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.CATALOGS[18] Catalog No. MWM-1, Microwave Components, M. W. Microwave Corp., Brooklyn, NY. PATENTS[19] K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, “Fuzzy controller component,” U. S. Patent 14,860,040,December 14, 1996.STANDARDS[20] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.ONLINE SOURCES[21] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, Aug.). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagneticreflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3), pp. 876-880. Available:/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar—example of a journal article[22] PROCESS Corp., MA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall forcorporate productivity. Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available:/Intranets/wp2.htp—example of a conference presentation[23] S. L. Talleen. (1996, Apr.). The Intranet Architecture: Managing information in the newparadigm. Amdahl Corp., CA. [Online]. Available:/doc/products/bsg/intra/infra/html—example of a report。
MLA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDE
MLA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDEThe BasicsMLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.According to MLA style, your paper should be typed and double-spaced; and it should use a legible font like Times New Roman with a standard font size of 12 points. Margins should be set to one inch on all sides, and only one space should be left after periods or other punctuation marks. Other basic aspects of the MLA style are:∙Indent the first line of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin.∙Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. When putting the page number(header) in the upper right-hand of each page, it should include author's last namefollowed by page number.∙Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, for providing emphasis.∙Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested.∙In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. (See example below.)**Please note: this guide has been updated to reflect the changes of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th Edition (2009).**Citing the Most Common SourcesAuthors∙An item with more than three authors can be listed by the first author's name, followed by a comma and then the Latin abbreviation et al. (Penner, Jane N., et al.).Titles∙Capitalize all important words – first word of the title, first word of the subtitle (right after the colon), and all major words. Do not capitalize words such as: a, an, the, against, between, in, of, to, and, but, for, and so, unless they are the first word of the title orsubtitle.∙Whole book titles are in italics while article or chapter titles are put in “quotation marks.”∙Leave out initial articles from titles of newspapers, magazines, and journals (Lancet, not The Lancet, New York Times, not The New York Times).∙Titles of books are taken from the title page (first printed page of the book) and not from the cover. If the title on the title page starts wit h any of the initial articles “A,” “An,” or “The,” include it in your citation but be sure to alphabetize by the second word.Dates∙For books, just use the year.∙For newspaper and magazines articles, use Day Month Year format (17 July 2007).Abbreviations∙Abbreviate all months except for May, June, and July.∙University Press in the name of a publisher may be shortened to UP.Page numbers∙Do not put p. or pp. when citing page numbers.∙Show page numbers as completely as you can (you will need to view the PDF version to find complete pagination information for some articles). Some databases will have article citations that only give the first page number, in which case put a “+” after the start page (67+).BooksThere are four parts to each reference: (1) author, (2) title, (3) publication information, and (4) medium of access. Each part is followed by a period and one space.One AuthorLa Naour, Jean-Yves. The Living Unknown Soldier: A Story of Grief and the Great War. New York: Metropolitan, 2004. Print.Two or Three AuthorsMcClendon, Ruth, and Leslie Kadis. Reconciling Relationships and Preserving the Family Business: Tools for Success. New York: Haworth, 2004. Print.Edited BookKinkead, Joyce A., and Jeanette Harris, eds. Writing Centers in Context: Twelve Case Studies.Urbana: NCTE, 1993. Print.Electronic BooksTreat electronic books like a print book for the author, title, publisher, and date information, and add “Web” for web access.One AuthorBaker, Jim. Lawful Order: A Case Study of Correctional Crisis and Reform. New York: Garland, 1998. NetLibrary. Genesee Com. Coll. Lib., NY. Web. 4 Aug. 2004.Edited BookYoungblood-Coleman, Denise and Mary Ann Azevedo, eds. Burundi 2007 Country Review: Political Conditions. Houston, TX: CountryWatch, Inc., 2007. CountryWatch.. Genessee Com. Coll. Lib., NY. Web. 27 July 2007.Periodical Articles in PrintReferences for periodicals, like those for books, have four major parts: (1) author, (2) title, (3) publication information, and (4) medium of access, each followed by a period.Newspaper ArticleJames, Caryn. “Adding the Power of TV to the Power of the Printed Page.” New York Times 21 Nov. 1996, late ed.: C15. Print.Magazine ArticleUpdike, John. “Colonoscopy.” Poetry July/Aug. 2006: 289. Print.Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue NumbersDressler, William W., and James R. Bnidon. “The Health Consequences of Cultural Consonance: Cultural Dimensions of Lifestyle, Social Support, and Arterial Blood Pressure in anAfrican American Community.” American Anthropologist 102 (2000): 244-60. Print.Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One SeriesMeuter, Matthew L., et al. “Self-Service Technologies: Understanding Customer Satisfaction with Technology- Based Service Encounters.” Journal of Marketing 64.3 (2000): 50-66.Print.Internet SourcesThe basic format for citing an Internet source is:Author, “Title of Article or Page Within a W ebsite.” Name of Website or Database. Name of Organization Responsible for the Website. Publication date (or last update). Web. Access date.Note 1: Any one website may not provide all of the listed items; you can’t put what you don’t have – use the MLA abbreviations for any missing information [N.p.= No publisher, N.pag.= No page number, and n.d. = no date given].Note 2: Begin a citation with the author's name. If no author is given, begin the citation with the title of the web page or name of the website. (The first example below shows an entry fora page without an author.)Note 3: Leave out the name of the organization responsible for the website if it is the same as the name of the website or database.Note 4: No URL needs to be given, simply “Web” as the medium of access.Citing an Entire WebsiteThe Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008.Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Maguire, Sharon. “Training Your New Puppy or Dog.” Dog Breed Info Center. 2007. Web. 16 Feb. 2007.Citing a Page on a Website“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy Lines.” . Cable News Network, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 14 May 2008.Article from an Online DatabaseLanghamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Article in an Electronic JournalMorken, Gunnar, and Olav M. Linaker. “Seasonal Variations of Violence in Norway.” American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000): 1674-1678. Web. 20 July 2007.Images/Works of Art Accessed OnlineCurrin, John. Blond Angel.2001. Indianapolis Museum of Art. IMA: It’s My Art. Web. 2 Jan.2013.Lange, Dorothea. The Migrant Mother. 1936. Prints and Photographs Div., Lib. of Cong.Dorothea Lange: Photographer of the People. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Film/Video Recording Accessed OnlineThe Great Train Robbery. Dir. Edward Porter. Thomas Edison, 1903. Internet Archive. Web. 5 June 2008.Parenthetical (In-Text) CitationThe MLA style of parenthetical citation includes the author’s last name and page number(s). Parenthetical citations do not include the word "page" or "pages" or the abbreviations "p." or "pp."— just the page numbers.Direct Quotations and ParaphrasesA page number is always included, whether material is copied word for word (presented in quotation marks) or paraphrased (presented in your own words, without quotation marks) from a source. If an electronic source does not provide page numbers, leave them out. Some electronic sources (e.g., General OneFile) will include a PDF version of the text. If so, use the page number from the PDF version of the document.In in-text citations, give the author's last name and the page number of the source within the sentence (before the period). For in-text citations that occur after long quoted material that is indented, the citation comes after the sentence and after the period.Work with One Authora.) Dust plays a larger role in our lives than we realize (Holmes 5).ORb.) Holmes points out that, “between 1 and 3 billion tons of desert dust fly up into the skyannually” (5).Work with Two or Three Authorsa.) Many changes occurred during the Renaissance (Kerrigan and Smith 57).ORb.) Kerrigan and Smith found that many changes occurred during the Renaissance (57). If a source is not listed here, or if you have questions, you can find more information in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed., 2009). One is available at the main desk of the Cannon Memorial library. Help is also available at the SLU’s online library at/citation-help.html, or you can visit the MLA website at .Stephanie LucykProfessor CarterENG 0024 January 2005Plastic GirlsAsk a child who the president of the United States is, and you are bound to get a multitude of replies ranging from the accurate to the hysterical. Ask a child who Barbie is, and you are sure to a get…Works Cited“Babes in Toyland…What’s a Feminist Mom to Do?” Herizons 31 Jan. 1997. Web. 9 Dec.2004.“Barbie in the Nineties.” Barbie: The Image of Us All. Web. 20 Nov. 2004.Borger, Gloria. “B arbie’s Newest Values.” US News and World Report 1 Dec. 1997: 40. Print. Cunningham, Kamy. “Barbie Doll Culture and the American Waistland.” Symbolic Interaction16.1 (1993): 79-83. Print.McQuade, Donald, and Christine McQuade. “Figuring the Body.” Seeing and Writing. Eds.Donald McQuade and Christine McQuade. Boston: Bedford, 2000. 230-321. Print. Norton, Kevin I., et a l. “Ken and Barbie at Life Size.” Sex Roles 34 (1996): 287-94. Print. Rand, Erica. Barbie’s Queer Accessories. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. Print.Rogers, Mary F. Barbie Culture. London: Sage, 1999. Print.Saltzberg, Elayne, and Joan C. Chrisler. “The pursuit of the Perfect Female Body.” Women: A Feminist Perspective. Ed. Jo Freeman. Mountain View: Mayfield, 1993. 301-17. Print. “The Secret Lives of Barbie: Bad Girl.” ABC News. 30 Oct. 2002. Web. 2 Dec. 2004.“The Secret Lives of Barbie: Career Girl.” ABC News. 30 Oct. 2002. Web. 2 Dec. 2004.This guide was modified by the Saint Leo University Instructional Design Department according toThe Academic Writing Guide to Good English, Custom Edition, with the MLA Handbook for Writers of ResearchPapers, Seventh Edition, using examples.。
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Iron Age
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炼铁过程的化学
32 O F 3 1 e 1 2 C 3 C F 9e C F 2 O 3 e 3 C 2 F 3e CO F 3 C e F e O 4 F CeO
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依含碳量 和杂质多少
铸铁 锻铁 钢铁
使用性能
是材料在使用条件下
应用性能的量度
性质和现象 材 结构与成分
赋予材料的价 值和应用性
料 包括了决定材料性 质和使用性能的原
合成和加工 子类型和排列方式
实现了特定的原子排列
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Performance
Synthesis & Process (Engineering) Property
Chapter 1 Introduction
引论
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J 1.1 基本概念 J 1.2 材料的发展概况 J 1.3 材料的分类和要素 J 1.4 材料的重要性 J 1.5 材料哲学史
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1.1 Concepts and terms
（1）Materials
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唐 三彩鸳鸯壶 橘皮釉
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明 掐丝珐琅 葫芦式扁瓶
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→→Glass
Warring States Glass Eye Beads
现代的水晶玻璃
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天然材料
智能材料
烧炼材料
设计型材料
合成材料
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(1) Stone Age
(Chemistry) (Physics)
Structure & Composition
Figure 1-1 Relation of four essentials
J
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1.4 The Importance of Materials
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（1）滤水材料的改进及发展
Substances having properties which make them useful in machinery, structures, devices and products.
—— connected with function and, through that function, utilities.
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（4）眼镜
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Contact Lens
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（4）材料化学的内涵
采用新技术和工艺方法制备新材料 材料组成和微观结构的表征 材料性能的测试
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1.2 材料的发展概况 →→Pottery
新石器时期 马家窑式水纹彩陶钵
新石器时期 半山式菱形点纹壶
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China
康熙 黄釉盖罐
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乾隆 茶叶末六连瓶
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（2）Distinguish between Chemicals and Materials
the utility lies primarily in
Chemicals their consumption.
Materials
can be used repeatedly or continuously for an application that does not irreversibly convert them to something else.
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（2）按使用性能分
Structural Materials ——主要利用材料的力学性能
Functional Materials ——主要利用材料的物理和化学性能
（3）按状态分
（4）按用途分
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1.3.2 the Essentials of Materials
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(2) Bronze Age
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Cu Sn Pb Zn
第一个合金材料：铜锡合金（青铜）
含锡量1/6 —— 韧性好 —— 制造钟鼎 含锡量2/5 —— 硬度高 —— 制造刀斧
结构与性能的关系
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中国古铜镜
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战国青铜编钟
(5) 智能材料（传感、处理、执行功能）
功能材料智能化
结构材料智能化
生物材料智能化
J
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1.3 Classification &. the Essentials of Materials
1.3.1 Classification of Materials
（1）按组成、结构特点分 Metallic Materials Inorganic Materials Polymers Composites
铁和碳的合金
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第八世纪的 "Carolingian"剑
东方曲剑" Persian "
土耳其的 "Damascus" 剑
日本剑的锋口部份
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(3) 合成材料（高分子材料）
(4) 设计型材料 标志是材料设计或分子设计
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（3）Materials Science and Chemistry
Chemistry of Materials:
Chemistry related to preparation, processing and analysis of materials.
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Reverse Osmosis
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（2）服饰
羊毛纤维的卷曲 羊毛纤维剖面图
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显微镜下未经处理的棉织品 和 用PEG溶液处理的织品
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（3）鞋子
Air Cushioning System
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Table 1-1 Distinguish between the Paleolithic Period and the Neolithic Age
Materials Wood Stone Bone Pottery
the
Paleolithic
Period
the Neolithic Age