考研英语长难句100句(精华!)
考研英语真题超精长难句
考研英语真题超精长难句1. In a move that has intellectualproperty lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of businessmethod patents.译文：美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣称，它将利用一项特殊案例对商业方法专利开展广泛复审，这一举措令知识产权律师们议论纷纷，2022考研英语9年真题超精长难句（4）。
2. Curbs on businessmethod claims would be a dramatic aboutface, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the socalled state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutualfund assets.译文：对商业方法专利申请的控制是一个突然的180度大转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为道富银行案的决议中引入了这类专利，当时法庭对一种汇集各种公有基金资产的方法授予了专利。
3. That ruling produced an explosion in businessmethod patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types ofonline transactions.译文：这项裁决带来了商业方法专利申请案卷的激增，起初是新兴的网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易方法占得独家权利。
考研资料英语-经典长难句结构分析100句.doc
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?1986年看见哈雷彗星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
考研英语长难句总结
考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。
考研英语长难句解析100句（精典）
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
考研英语长难句
赵敏长难句1.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise，market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.2.Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammaticale culture of a society.沃尔夫逐渐相信某种语言决定论，该理论最极端的形式声称，语言限制思想，并且，语言的语法结构可对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
3.Influenced by the view of some twentieth-century feminists that women’s position within the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historians have underestimated the significance of the woman suffrage movement4. While it is true that living organisms are profoundly affected by their environment, it is equally important to remember that many organisms are also capable of altering their habitat significantly, sometimes limiting their own growth.5.Anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms that exist in acomplex modern nation-state composed of many disparate groups.6.This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.这个成功和说明了记忆本省不是由基因所决定的这个研究，均使得艾瑞森得出了一个结论，记忆的行为更是一个认知的练习，而不是一个直觉的过程7. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。
考研英语长难句 100句
考研英语长难句渣滓洞1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.4．When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell.5．They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of £83 per household.6．The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for thetime being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.7．The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.8．The BBC “isn’t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke”, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?9．But it is the arrival of new satellite channels —funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions —which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.10．The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.11．Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsiblewealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.12．Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “co mfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’meeting to dictate their orders to the management.13．The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.14．The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.15．Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial”thinking about things technological.16．Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.17．A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it.18．Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.19．As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal process… The designer and the inventor … are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”20．Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”21．The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.22．“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.23．In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.24．On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.”And so it does―and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate.25．After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.26．Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.27．In Australia―where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part―other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.28．After a “c ooling off ” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.29．There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.30．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.31．Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.32．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.33．The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.34．As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.35．The phrase “substance abuse”is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.36．We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.37．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.38．Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.39．“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”40．It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.41．The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression.42．“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.43．During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.44．“I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”45．Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such a s “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.46．Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.47．This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.48．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.49．The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.50．Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.51．It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.52．The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left―all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.53．This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.54．Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.55．What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.56．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.57．There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction”, between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.58．New ways of organizing the workplace―all that re-engineering and downsizing―are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.59．Think of Gallileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.60．Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meeti ngs such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.61．A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.62．Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.63．The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.64．Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.65．This development―and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead―has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.66．Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too―and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.67．Often they chose―and still are choosing―somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.68．As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent―little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.69．Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.70．The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.71．The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior.72．It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions orwhether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.73．As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.74．While warnings are often appropriate and necessary ——the dangers of drug interactions, for example ——and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.75．As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything.76．In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.77．At the same time, the American Law Institute ——a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight ——issued new guidelines fortort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.78．If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.79．Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company ' s private intranet.80．In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.81．Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.82．The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web siteselling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.83．An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.84．An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.85．Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.86．Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.87．But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not.88．Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so——and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Prinoeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.89．NBAC will ask that Clinton 's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended in- definitely , and possibly that it be made law.90．The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.91．In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapirosuggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to at- tempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. "92．Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos ( the earliest stage of human offspring before birth）for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.93．The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.94．In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.95．If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.96．It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.97．Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team. "98．It’s scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.99．For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which American had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to the next casualty.100．Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growingcompetition from overseas nations.。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
考研长难句分析100例解析
长难句分析100例（一）Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlying（潜在的、内在的）assumption that sloth （懒惰）is one of the sevens inherent sins of human being（人类）（二）（三）Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by（四）（五）Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow oran unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.（六）（七）If robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves -- goals that pose a real challenge.（八）（九） Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect ” ,a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one （that is intended and a harmful ） one （ that is foreseen ）-- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.（十）Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insistedthat they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”（十一）（十二）Medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”（十三）whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.（十四）Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.（十五）Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, （whose arguments are confusing the public and（十六）If scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.（十七）Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when（修饰前边的spell 一小段时间a short interval）it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.（十八）For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure (that encouraged readers not to use anything (that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines)).（十九）To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.（二十）Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.（二十一）In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened（二十二）Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.（二十三）Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.（二十四）It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.（二十五）25、Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified（二十六）26、Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.（二十七）27、These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.（二十八）28、It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.（二十九）29、When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches.（三十）30、This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.（三十一）31、It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.（三十二）32、Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.（三十三）33、Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（三十四）34、Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.（三十五）35、Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.（三十六）36、“Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.（三十七）37、However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.（三十八）38、And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.（三十九）39、However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（四十）40、Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?（四十一）41、But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.（四十二）42、With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.（四十三）43、If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.（四十四）44、Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”（四十五）45、The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.（四十六）46、Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.（四十七）47、At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says.（四十八）48、In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.（四十九）While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.（五十）50、Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.（五十一）51、There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.（五十二）52、It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.（五十三）53、It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.（五十四）54、Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.（五十五）55、They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.（五十六）56、What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.（五十七）57、That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.（五十八）58、What we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.（五十九）59、If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.（六十）60、whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.（六十一）61、It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.（六十二）62、Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership--that is, it predicted the opposite.（六十三）63、As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback——a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.（六十四）64、Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.（六十五）65、From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders（六十六）66、Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort ofnasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.（六十七）67、Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.（六十八）68、Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, the most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.（六十九）69、Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（七十）70、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions（七十一）71、Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased “opportunities” for stress.（七十二）72、The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.（七十三）73、The Internet – with pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.（七十四）74、The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.（七十五）75、Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories（七十六）76、If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.（七十七）77、Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.（七十八）78、Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.（七十九）79、They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.（八十）80、While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.（八十一）81、But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciouslydevelop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.82、At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed mostvaluable during the first decade or so of life.（八十二）83、It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.（八十三）84、Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .（八十四）85、The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.（八十五）86、The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.87、While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.（八十六）88、It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.（八十七）89、“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”（八十八）90、During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.（八十九）91、In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.（九十）92、Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.（九十一）93、Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.（九十二）94、In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.（九十三）95、In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.96、In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.（九十四）97、The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence: with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.（九十五）98、Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.（九十六）99、As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.（九十七）100、Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.（九十八）（九十九）（一○○）（一○一）（一○二）（一○三）（一○四）（一○五）（一○六）（一○七）（一○八）（一○九）（一一○）（一一一）（一一二）（一一三）（一一四）（一一五）（一一六）（一一七）（一一八）（一一九）（一二○）（一二一）（一二二）Whatever（状语从句）the differences two people may exhibit in jobs or careers（工作或事业）, those differences are swamped by how well/ deeply each person loves their parents（宾从）.不管两个人在工作或者事业上表现的差异有多大，这些差异在他们关爱父母的程度面前都显得无足轻重。
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1. Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics；can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have；can improve the nutritional value of products；and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing：it ‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables，but dinner tables.使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。
而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。
5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.“写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。
6. There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。
7. Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。
8. Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。
9. Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.既然面试的焦点是你，应该在以下四个阶段做出合理的准备：面试前阶段，问候阶段，商洽阶段，告别阶段。
10. The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。
11. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。
12. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情，知道何时应该（在交谈中）插入一些关键信息，要表现得诚恳，突出自己的优点，注意倾听。
13. If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter. You may get turned down. If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.如果公司两周内没有反应，打个电话或再写封信过去。
你可能没有被雇用，如果是这样的话，找出原因，以便进行自我改进。
14. I have sought it，next，because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one‘s shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.我追求爱，其次是因为爱使我摆脱孤独。
在这种可怕的孤独时刻，人们似乎处于世界的边缘，颤抖的意识面对着冷酷而死寂的无底深渊。
15. Non-traditional students，overwhelmingly female，began to study on a part-time basis，the numbers of women going to graduate school increased，and women sought entry to the non-traditional position of university faculty member.新类型的学生——绝大多数是女生——开始半工半读式的学习，攻读研究生的女生数量增加了，妇女开始从事大学教师这样的非传统职业。
16. This decline occurred in both coeducational and women‘s colleges where women faculty declined from 72% in 1940 to 50% in 1955 and dropped to a low of 45% in 1978.人数的减少普遍存在于男女同校的大学，也存在于女子学校。
在女子学校，女教师的比例从1940年的72%减少到1955年的50%，到1978年降低到45%的低点。
17. More than one-third of employers in a new survey say they would probably cut off health benefits to their workers if Congress passes a law allowing patients to sue managed care plans for malpractice.在一项新的调查中，有超过三分之一的雇主表示：如果国会通过一项使病人可以因管理不善起诉管理医疗保健计划的法律，雇主可能会削减工人的医疗补贴。