河北工业大学专业英语结课作业
2013级英语1试卷[1]
![2013级英语1试卷[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5490b80f0166f5335a8102d276a20029bd646339.png)
2013级英语1试卷[1]河北工业大学函授生考试试卷课程英语1 教师胡静波12 / 13 学年第 2 学期班级2013级姓名____________ 成绩_______Part One Multiple Choices1. He had to ___ his journey before it had hardly begun.a. absorbb. abstractc. abandond. abuse2. The jokes Bill told in an effort to cheer us up didn’t quite ___.a. come offb. come outc. come throughd. come up3. He showed great __ in pursuing the new learning.a. comparisonb. valuec. recreationd. enthusiasm4. We need a foreign policy that is more ___ than before.a. soluteb. loosec. flexibled. prosperous5. Bombing the town was a ___ act.a. intimateb. hostilec. worldwided. sheer6. The Chinese use chopsticks ___ knives and forks.a. in place ofb. in spite ofc. in part ofd. in front of7. There are two colors in the Chinese flag,___ red and yellow.a. mostlyb. lovelyc. fairlyd. namely8.The artist ___ the book with pen-and-ink drawings.a. expressedb. illustratedc. publishedd. sponsored9. I ___ you more help, but I had been so busy with my study.a. might giveb. should givec. might have givend. should have given10.No sooner ___ there than he fell ill.a. had been arrivedb. he had arrivedc. he arrivedd. arrived he11.Although it was extremely cold, ___ give up.a. but nobody wanted tob. nobody wanted toc. however nobody want tod. anybody yet want to12.The movie he directed is,___, at last tolerable.a. if not goodb. if it not goodc. if is not goodd. it is not good13.It’s no use ___ to him as he clings very much to his own opinions.a. talkb. talksc. to talkd. talking14.He stood at the platform and waved his hand ___ the train passed out of the sight.a. untilb. unlessc. sinced. once15.I saw him walking ___ the park to the school.a. againstb. aboutc. amongd. across16.She didn’t tell me ___ she had got well .a. whatb. whichc. whetherd. where17.The house ___ at the corner of the street is the museum offine art crafts.a. stoodb. standc. standingd. be standing18.I was stuck with some business, and, ___ could not come in time.a. howeverb. moreoverc. insteadd. therefore19.I can appreciate the ___ that prompts you to make this offer.a. priceb. outsetc. reputationd. motive20.When I arrived at the station, the train had already ___.a. depositedb. depressedc. departedd. deprived21.This man is ___ to wine.a. addictedb. predictedc. dictatedd. expected22.John’s work is ___ to Tom’s.a. interiorb. inferiorc. exteriord. better23.If you revea l your friend’s secret, you will ___ him.a. lureb. disturbc. alienated. control24.A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it ___ over time.a. peelsb. shrinksc. hardensd. fades25.No one was ___ in the accident.a. injuredb. knockedc. damagedd. suffered26.As winter ___, the weather becomes colder.a. approachesb. derivesc. emergesd. appears27.I contact him ___.a. every another weekb. every other weekc. every an other weekd. every an another week28.I would like to accept your kind invitation with ___.a. pleasureb. a pleasurec. pleasuresd. the pleasure29.There is very ___ hope that she will pass the final exam.a. fewb. littlec. manyd. much30.___ the five girls came on the trip.a. Neitherb. No body ofc. No one ofd. None ofPart Two Reading ComprehensionPassage oneOne day when I was a librarian at View Ridge School in Seattle, a primary school teacher approached me. She had a pupil who finished his work before all the others and needed a challenge. “Could he help in the library?” she asked, I said “Send him along.”Soon a slight, sandy-haired boy in jeans and a T-shirt appeared. I told him about the system used for shelving books. He picked up the idea immediately. Then I showed him a stack of cards for lone-overdue books that I was beginning to think had actually been returned but were misshelved with the wrong cards in them. He said: “Is it kind of detective job?” I nodded yes. Later, when he asked to be a librarian on a regular basis, it was easy to say yes. He worked untiringly.After a few weeks I found a note on my desk, inviting me to dinner at the boy’s home. At the end of the evening, his mother said that the family would be moving to another district. Herson’s first concern was leaving the library.When the time came, I said a reluctant goodbye. Though initially he had seemed an ordinary kid, his zeal had set him apart.I missed him but no for long. A few days later he popped through the door and joyfully announced, “The librarian over there doesn’t let boys work in the library. My mother got me transferred back to View Bridge. My dad will drop me off on his way to work. And if he can’t I’ll walk.”I should have had thought such focused determination would take that young man wherever he wanted to go. What I could not have guessed, however, was that he would become a wizard of the Information age: Bill Gates, tycoon of Microsoft and America’s richest man.31. What did the teacher think about the work in the library for a boy?a. an enjoymentb. a challengec. an interesting jobd. a pleasure32. Why did the boy like the library work which seemed boring?a. He thought it was kind of detective job. b. He could read many detective stories there.c. He thought the librarian was very kind to him.d. He could get much help from the librarian.33. Why did the boy return to View Ridge?a. His father moved back there.b. He was not accepted in the school therec. There was no library for him to borrow booksd. He was refused to work in the library34. According to the passage we know the boy ___.a. had wide interestb. had firm determinationc. was very cleverd. liked detective stories35. The passage is mainly about ___a. Bill Gates’ early educationb. Bill Gates’ characterc. Bill Gates’ early jobd. Bill Gates’ wish passage twoMonday, computer hackers vandalized one of the government’s most popular Internet sites, preventing visitors from searching new legislation being considered by Congress.The hackers altered the “Thomas”web site of the Library of Congress, named after Thomas Jefferson and a favorite among journalists and researchers who need immediate information about bills under consideration on Capital Hill.The vandals claimed to be four hackers from a little country and changed the site to read: “U.S. congr ess Web site --- defeated!”the moniker they used, “Lamers Team,”is not particularly prominent among the computer underground, where groups and allegiances can be fluid.They also published on the altered site the recipe they claimed to have used to gain ac cess to the government’s computer running the service. They left what was said to be a software log that included part of a user’s identification number, but it was partially masked “to hide the users who make this possible.”Monday’s attack was the most s erious against a government World Wide Web site since the start of the year andsimilar in audacity to attacks last year against the Web site for the FBI, Senate,U.S. Army and White House.36. The hackers changed the “Thomas” Web site in order to ___.a. name it after Jeffersonb. destroy the computer systemc. satisfy the journalists and researchersd. give the government some advice37. This case is similar to attacks last year against the Web site for FBI in ___a. scaleb. the degree of damagec. every aspectd. boldness38. “Lamber Team”, the moniker they used, is ___a. quite famous among the computer undergroundb. unknown among the computer undergroundc. not particularly well-known among the computer undergroundd. new among the computer underground39. On the altered site, they published something which ___a. shows their anger to the governmentb. tells how they gained their access to the government computer running the servicec. tells how they went to the Library of Congressd. tells why they attacked the Web site.40. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?a. a group of hackers attacked the web site of the library ofCongressb. The hackers altered the web sitec. The author is quite sure that the hackers are from European countriesd. The attack is the most serious one against a government web site since the start of the year.Part Three ClozeIt is natural and perhaps understandable tendency of newspapers to concentrate on bad news and by doing so to contribute to a rising spiral of tension. War is more _41_ than peace, just as criminals are more exciting than law-abiding people, traffic deaths are more interesting than campaigns _42_ courtesy in the roads, and violence sells more newspapers than brotherly love. No one, it seems, has discovered a way of _43_ good will, harmony and reason _44_ and sensational.It is hard to _45_ of any modern newspaper giving over its front page _46_ banner headlines to the gradual improvement of relations between the USA and Russia. _47_, the most _48_ incident of friction between the two is often inflated and distorted _49_ a good story. Indeed, this phenomenon has its most unfortunate effect _50_ the reporting of international affairs.41. a. sensitive b. sensible c. sensational d. sensory42. a. for b. as c. against d. to43. a. making b. taking c. getting d. doing44. a. drastic b. dreary c. dramatic d. drowsy45. a. imagine b. consider c. conceive d. receive46. a. for b. to c. under d. with47. a. On other hands b. With a firm hand c. On the other hand d. Out of hand48. a. trifle b. tricky c. trivial d. trite49. a. in the act of b. in the interest of c. in the hope of d. in the matter of50. a. to b. towards c. upon d. for。
河北工业大学商务英语试题2014春--经济(含答案)

2014 春1.What do you think globalization means? What global companies can you think of? What industries are they in? Do global companies do more harm than good?In my opinion,globalization means a company set up subsidiaries in the other countries and make them into local compani es.Also setting up new companies means the transferring of technology and capital.When offering to global companies ,we may easy to think of P&G,KFC,AIRBUS,NOKIA and so on.these companies are in different industries,some in instant fo od industries,some in heavy industries,some in aviation industries.It may different to say absolutely global companies do more harm or do more good.It obviously that global companies give us much cheaper ang higher quality products which m ake us enjoy a more comfortable life.Also global companies introduced more advanced technology and management skills .But on the other hand,with the strong competition,some national companies is eliminating and our national cuture is also dispearing with the step of globalization.2.Are you influenced by brands when you choose products or services? (Why or why not?) Would you consider buying a new brand of product newly introduced to the market? (Why or why not?) What do you think a company should do to create brand awareness for a new brand?I think whether I influenced by the brands depend on different kinds of things.When I choose something I use everydaysuch as shampoo,I will firstly take brands into consideration.Because I think shampoo is a kind of chemical product,some small companies may add put some unhealthy addition ,which may have a bad influence on my health.But when I choose cloths ,I think style and quality are important than brands.Generally I don’t want to have a try to a new brand of product,because I think it is not worthy for me to try a product with un certainty.But if there are some discount or free-trying,I’d like to have a try. For a company who want to create brand awareness,I have some suggestions.Firstly it’s necessary to make a product rocognisale.Secondly,the company should associate with specific quality with his brand.thirdly,forming a customer loyalty is impotant for a company.3.What is important when arranging a business trip abroad?✓Type of transport✓Accommodation✓Contact personOk. I think when arranging a business trip abroad there are three things to consider. First, you must choose the type of tran sport. As overseas travels involve long distances, the plane is the best choice for reaching your destination rapidly. Secondl y, you should also consider what accommodation best suits your purposes. Choosing a hotel with all modern conveniences and communication facilities will help you accomplish your tasks much better. Lastly, you should have a contact person w ho has important local connections and up-to-date local business information. C4.Do you think that the advertising practices described below are acceptable? Why?∙Using children in advertisements∙Using film stars in advertisements∙Promoting alcohol on TV∙Comparing your products to your competitors’ products5.Which of the following statements do you agree with? Why?✓People remember advertisements not products.✓Advertising raises prices.✓Advertising has a bad influence on children.I think people sometimes remember advertisements but not the uarally if a advertisement is too attractive ,the people who watch it may pay more attention to the advertisement rather than the product.but usually,people will remember the product also because there is a high frequency of broadcasting advertisement.actually advertusing will arise the price ofproduct,as we all know,advertising is very expensive,so the advertising increase the tolly cost of the product ,so the produc t will be sold at a higher price.but on the other hand ,advertising reduce the seeking cost of customers,customers can easily to fing out what they are want tobuy and avoid buying a wrong product,so it is difficult to say advertising raises prices ab solutely. I think there may be bad influence on children,because some companies in order to promote their sales,they may add some unhealthy factors to advertisement to draw children’s attention.so this may had bad influence on children.6.What is dress code? How important is personal appearance at work? For example? Think about formal clothing, uniforms, men with earrings and tattoos, etc.Dress cold is how you dress in certain place. For example if you work in the police-office ,you need to wear uniform.But if you work is designing something you need to wear casually as you want. I think the personal appearance have great relation to the work. If you work as a accountant ,your personal appearance should be neat and tidy. We usually see some barber with earring in order to show that they are fashion. But if a policeman withearring s we may think that he shuoldn’t be a good policeman. It will be amussing that a barber dressed in a uniform. That may also have bad influence on their job.7.Is free trade always a good thing? Do you think it leads to the creation of jobs, or to unemployment? Should certain industries be protected? If so, which?As everything in the world have two sides,free trade is not the exception. On one hand free trade may make our product i mport more easily,meanwhile,the product from the other countries will import to our country more easily . if the product we produced have a competitive advantages ,free trade may leads to creation of jobs. But if we don’t have advantages ,our factories may go to bankrupt, and a lot of people will out of work. In my opinion some indutries such as energy industrie s and military industries should be protected. Because these industries is the economic lifeline of our country. In ord er to get a good economy order ,we should protect these industries.8.What are most people’s main personal assets? How can a sole trader get the capital to set up a business? If a private limited company goes bankrupt, do the shareholders lose their personal assets? Why?House/building, land, investments, money, equipment, vehicles. Save personal capital, acquire personal capital (redundancy money/inheritance/lottery win), new mortgage, venture capital (money invested in a business for development or expansion by a third party as a commercial undertaking), bank loan, take on a partner.No, because the risk limited to loss of original investment.9.You have a shortlist of people for the post of Sales Manager. One of the female candidates is clearly the best qualified person for the job. However, you know that some of your best customers would prefer a man. If you appoint a woman you will probably lose some sales. What should you do?In my opinion, I prefer to choose the lady because of the following reasons.First of all, I strongly against sexual discrimination in business world. I believe male and female have no difference concer ning their abilities and have equal right to work, to get promotion and to lead a company. Instead, I think female is someti mes more suitable to be a leader. A female is more patient and easy-going. She can communicate with various people in all levels and solve complex problems between employees.Second, the female candidate is clearly the best qualified person for the job. I think my decision should bring the most ben efit to my company. So as to the common good of the whole company I insist to choose the best candidate. Last but not the least, I believe the lady can handle relationships with our main customers well. I think the customers are not very familiar with the new female Sales Manager at the beginning. We can guarantee our main customers that they will still have the spe cial privilege like before. For example the preferential price, the sole agency right and presell order. And after doing busin ess with each other for some time, our main customers will gradually find that female manager is as good as male. And our sales is not likely to lose.10.W hat is your opinion of the following strange inventions:✓The petless leash can mew or bard—depending on whether you want a non-existent cat or dog.✓Ice cubes that crackle louder according to the strength of your drink have been developed in Japan.11.W hat are the methods of communication to staff in most companies? Is it important to let your manager know your ideas about work? (Why?) Do you think people can be trained to communicate more efficiently? (How?)In companies ,people often use telephone ,MSN and e-mails to communicate about work.People also use telephone to communiate how to do the work. They use e-mails to repot to leader what work they have finished. It is important to let my manager know your ideas about work. Because through communicate the work id eas ,my manager will get further understangding with me ,which may give me a hand on my work. I think people can be tr ained to communicate more efficiently. For example they use the same format to send and reback e-mails. If there is a mee ting people should give suggesttion in turn and should not interrupt other ‘s talking .12.D iscuss this list of unethical activities. Talk about your opinion for three of them: 1) avoiding paying tax; 2) Claiming extra expenses; 3) Using work facilities for private purposes; 4) Accepting praise for someone else’s ideas or work; 5) Selling a defective productNowadays, there are some unethical activities, such as avoiding paying tax, Claiming extra expenses, Selling a defective product and so on. Why are there so many unethical activities? In my opinion, Most of people avoiding paying tax is for the benefit of more. People Claiming extra expenses is to properly reduce the paper profits and taxes, so that they can increase the real profits. People selling the unqualified products, on the one hand, it is not only because the cost is low, but also because of the low prices can attract more consumers. But on the other hand, this can only lead to temporary economic growth, and can't maintain the long-term development of the enterprise. So, in order to the long-term and stable development of economy, we should try our best to avoid these unethical activities.13.H ow important is each of the following for showing a person’s status in an organisation? A reserved parking space;an office with a window; a uniform; a personal business card; your own office; a company car; your name on your door.There are many ways to show a person’s status in an organization. But how important are them? In my opinion, the most important is your own office, because in your own office, you have more free space to do your job and won't leak easily your content. And the second is a company car, for you can do you jod more convenient. And next is a personal business card. As is known to all, a personal business card have a person of position, it is of course shows a person’s status in an organization. Other ways to show a person’s status in an organization are A reserved parking space; an office with a window; a uniform; your name on your door and so on.14.W hat’s important when choosing offices to rent?✓Location✓Facilities✓CostWhen it comes to rent offices, it is important that we take location , facilities and cost in to consideration. Firstly, choosing a place where the transportation is convenient is helpful to the development of an enterprise, This can also be convenient for the travel of the workers, and be helpful for the workers to work better. Next, the facilities are also have great importance to rent an office, for Choosing complete facilities office is necessary for our to work better. Of course, it is inevitably to say that the cost is another important factor to consideration. For it is directly determines our expense. It is necessary that we make properly cost when we rent an office.。
专业外语习题册.docx

专业外语习题册(何乐芹编写)•词汇练习•长句翻译•课外知识河北工程大学理学院应用化学系2011.9一、词汇练习L The computer system ___ suddenly while he was searching for information on the InternetA> broke down B. broke out C. broke up D> broke in2. It was very late last nighty and to make it worse, our car had a _ on the rode.A. breakdown B ・ breakup C. breakthrough D> break-in3. The book tells us what we should do ____ s uch terrible things as robbery, fire, etc.A. in chargeB. in case ofC. in front ofD. in touch with4. You may refer to your dictionary _ difficulty.A ・ in the case of B. in case of C. in any case D ・ in no case5.1 always take something to read when I go to the doctort _ I have to waitA. in case B> so that C. in order D< as if6- Pm afraid Mr. Wood can% see you until 4 o ,clock ・ ■一oh ,_ I won't wait7. It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be.A> impression B> reaction C. comment D. opinion8. She became a _ customer of the bookshop.IL Mr wang was determined to remain _he never stood on his wifeys side nor on his mother's side.A. natural B- neutral C. nervous 12. Using the right hand to shake hands is a_A. conversationB. conventionC. conservation 13、 What are produced when HC1 covalent bond breaks? ______A. neutral atoms B> molecule C. ions 14> The conjugate base of HS" is _______A. H 2SB. S 2'C. NH 4HS 15> Which of the following statements about base is not true? __________A. taste bitterB. feel slippery of soapyC. react with oils and grease D ・ cause litmus to change color from blue to red16、Solutions with pH values above 7 are defined as _________A ・ neutral B. acidic C. basic D ・ solute11. Ifs the duty of the police to ____ the public order. A. prevent present C. preserve D- prepare18. Children ,who are over-protected by their parents, may become ___ •A. hurtB. damagedC. spoiledD. harmed 19. Which is right?_A. Litmus is a dye which has a red color in basic solution A. no doubtB. after allC. in that caseD. in this wayA ・ continuous Be constant C. content D.consent 9- We may _ a square as a rectangle with four equal sides.A. describe B ・ determine C. deviseD- define 10. There is too much noise outside ,I can% A. fill connect my attention on my book.C. flat D> concentrate D> nativeDe conviction D> electronsD. SO 2Litmus is a dye which has a red color blue in acid solutionC・ Litmus can enable us to determine whether a given solution is acidor basic are called indicators D. Litmus also called methyl orange20- White teeth are a sharp ___ to black skin.A. containB. contract C- content D- contrast二、翻译练习1.The balanced equation indicates that one mole of sodium hydroxide will combined with one mole of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of sodium chloride and one mole of water. The only variable is the concentration of the two solutions.2.Acid-base indicators (are also called pH indicators) are substance which change color with pH. They are usually weak acid or bases.3. i与碱发生反应,两者各自失去原有的特性,生成盐和水。
河北工大函授本科英语试卷

河北工大函授本科英语试卷文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]河北工业大学函授生期末考试试卷课程英语教师胡静波 2012—2013学年第1学期班级_12级车辆___ 姓名____________ 成绩_______注意:全部答案请清晰写明在数字题号前。
Part I Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Students can travel in the United States without spending too much money ifthey follow these suggestions.A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains, buses and planes. Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip, too. You’ll not only save money, but you’ll also see a lot more of the country.Some students may want to travel by car. Be sure to think about going with other students —many colleges have “ride boards”that list when and where other students plan to travel. Many radio stations provide the same sort of service —they announce who’s driving where, when, how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be.There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night.You don’t have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don’t recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm, you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.1. The passage tells students ________.A. how to make travel plansB. how to get help while travelingC. how to use less money while travelingD. how to choose hotels2. To see more of the country, you’d better travel ________.A. by planeB. by busC. by trainD. by bike3. If you want to share rides with others, you can get information ________.A. on the blackboards in classroomsB. from school administratorsC. through certain radio programsD. from travel agents4. According to the passage, staying at youth hostels is ________.A. cheapB. convenientC. comfortableD. enjoyable5. To save money, you can ________.A. have more candy and colaB. invite your friends for a picnicC. take some food with youD. eat in restaurants sometimes Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Throughout her working life, a ship — like a motorcar — must be serviced regularly if she is to remain efficient. After a period at sea she must be overall checked and any necessary repairs must be made. There are also instances when a ship must be converted from being one kind of carrier to another. Most of today’s oil, for example, is carried by huge super-tankers. The smaller tankers, many of which are still in good condition, can be converted into bulk carriers(散货船)for the transport of sugar, coal or ore.Conversion or repair work is carried out in a dry dock, a huge hole cut into the ground and lined with concrete. At one end are large gates separating the dock from the river or sea. When these gates are opened, water pours into the dock andfills it. A ship can then enter the dock, where it is carefully fastened in an upright position.When the ship is positioned inside the dock, the gates are closed and the water is pumped out. The vessel slowly settles on to wooden blocks. Wooden supporters are put in position between the ship and the sides of the dock to prevent her from rolling over. Great care is taken to make sure that the shiprests evenly on the keel(龙骨)blocks to prevent damage being done.As soon as the ship is firmly positioned, repair or conversion work can begin on her body or superstructure.6. According to the passage, in what way is a ship like motorcarA. It needs to be repaired in a dry dock.B. It requires regularservice.C. It can be converted into other kinds of vehicle.D. It has a longworking life.7. Many smaller tankers have been converted into bulk carriers because ________.A. there is a shortage of oil in the worldB. large amounts of sugar, coaland ore is needed in the world marketC. most of today’s oil is carried by huge super-tankersD. many of themare still in good condition8. We can infer that a dry dock ________.A. is built by the waterB. is built far from the waterC. is built under the waterD. is floating on the water9. What do you think will happen to a dry dock when the repairs to a ship arecompletedA. The water is pumped into it again.B. The gates are opened and thewater pours in.C. It is floated out to sea.D. It is converted to anotherkind of dock.10. According to the passage, how is a ship kept upright in a dry dockA. It is lined with concrete.B. It is placed on keel blocks.C. It is fastened to the shore.D. It is supported with pieces ofwood.Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. There seems to be an electrical problem. I’ll get someone to ________ it.A. look outB. look intoC. look uponD. look at2. His knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent inthe language.A. adequateB. differentC. pleasantD. complicated3. Travelers in space have to ________ many discomforts in their rockets.A. persistB. careC. endureD. allow4. It was hard work, but they ________ to it and got the job done.A. continueB. followC. adjustD. stuck5. Community service can ________ anything from gardening to helping in oldpeople’s homes.A. involveB. remainC. insistD. ask6. It took him almost three hours to ________ the distance from his office to hishome.A. crossB. reachC. coverD. gain7. I’d love a new car, but I just can’t ________ it.A. offerB. affordC. spendD. cost8. They ________ the plan to see whether it could really be carried out.A. got overB. talked overC. broke throughD. let out9. After the war, Germany became one of Europe’s most ________ countries.A. prosperousB. swiftC. improvedD. interested10. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t ________ mean it is of low quality.A. necessarilyB. especiallyC. essentiallyD.practically11. For wildlife enthusiasts the journey is ________ —- the region is known forits sea birds.A. delightedB. pleasedC. worthyD. worthwhile12. We have to get that car fixed ________.A. no matter it costs how muchB. no matter how much costs itC. no matter how much it costsD. no matter how much does it cost13. He hardly ever leaves the house after ten at night, ________A. doesn’t heB. does heC. so does heD. nor does he14. In school days I ________ all the way to the school, but would sometimes takethe bus when it rained.A. used to walkB. used to walkingC. was used to walkD. would useto walk15. I’ll find the person who did this, ________ he is!A. anybodyB. someoneC. whoeverD. whomever16. The conflict spread everywhere, into villages, ________ into the cities.A. as wellB. as well asC. in additionD. in additionto17. The driver admitted that not only ________, but he didn’t have a drivinglicense either.A. was not he insuredB. he was insured notC. was he not insuredD. he was not insured18. It is when you nearly lose someone ________ you become fully conscious of howmuch you value them.A. asB. soC. thatD. when19. Harry took a taxi to work this morning. He ________ a taxi if he had notmissed the only bus that passes by his office.A. wouldn’t have takenB. wouldn’t takeC. hadn’t takenD. won’ttake20. We found ________ to talk about that it was late at night when we rememberedthe time.A. very muchB. such muchC. as muchD. so muchPart III ClozeDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best fitsinto the passage.There are two ways to relate to people in our lives. One way is to see them as objects: we get something from them, but we are not (1) ________ with how they feel. They are there only for our use. For example, we might treat (2) ________ an object the person who sells us items in a convenience store or (3) ________ us in a restaurant or even teaches a class we are taking. The second way we can seepeople is as subjects, letting ourselves be (4) ________ that they have feelings (5) ________ we do. There is a story about a British woman who was (6) ________ important guests for tea one afternoon. She looked out from her front porch after lunch and was horrified to see that her gardener had not (7) ________ for work. When he finally arrived, she tore into him. “Do you know who is coming here in an hour I ought to fire you!” Without (8) ________, the man quietly said, “I’m sorry, my little girl died during the night, and we had to bury her today.” For the first time, the woman saw the man as a human being, not simply as a device for keeping her lawn attractive. He stopped (9) ________ an object and became a subject, a possessor of feelings, needs, pains, and relationships to (10) ________ she had never given a thought.1. A. considered B. worriedC. concernedD. related2. A. as B. forC. likeD. about3. A. looks after B. waits onC. sees toD. brings about4. A. certain B. awareC. confidentD. positive5. A. such like B. much likeC. such asD. just as6. A. respecting B. expectingC. preparingD. predicting7. A. shown up B. come acrossC. turned overD. hung around8. A. looking out B. looking forC. looking upD. looking on9. A. being B. to beC. beD. having been10. A. those B. themC. thatD. which。
河北工业大学研究生英语期末考试样题--2012.6

河北工业大学研究生英语期末考试样题--2012.6GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(2012-06)PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He is pretty comfortable in this kind of setting.B. He is not at ease when seeing her.C. He is not used to the current surroundings.D. He rarely feels shy in unfamiliar places.2. A. Waiter and customer.B. Husband and wife.C. Boss and secretary.D. Doctor and patient.3. A. They went to see a movie.B. They had a heated quarrel.C. They ended their relationship.D. They changed their plan.4. A. At a coffee shop.B. In the street.C. At one?s home.D. In a restaurant.5. A. She prefers to go shopping with him.B. She does not want to eat out.C. She is in a bad mood today.D. She wants to enjoy the perfect weather.6. A. Tuesday and Friday. B. Wednesday and Thursday.C. Monday and Saturday.D. Saturday and Sunday.7. A. The man always makes wise decisions.B. Jane may not be able to do the job very well.C. Jane knows how to run a chain store.D. The man really likes the book cover.8. A. The woman needs to arrive earlier.B. The man has to delay his departure.C. The woman dislikes air travel.D. The man has some extra work tomorrow.9. A. Double major in both business and psychology.B. Major in business and minor in psychology.C. Drop business or psychology.D. Choose two closely related majors.Section B ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. It represents the bride?s link to her family and the past.B. It represents support of the bride?s family and friends.C. It?s a symbol of good luck and success.D. It?s a symbol of good health.11. A. Wealth and health.B. Protection against evil.C. Loyalty and purity.D. A remainder of the past.12. A. Wearing something new.B. Wearing blue items.C. Wearing something borrowed.D. Wearing a silver sixpence in a shoe.Mini-talk Two13. A. They are facing budget deficit.B. They are giving more weight to academic study.C. They are conducting observational studies.D. They are shortening school hours.14. A. Because being active is the cause of higher grades.B. Because the amount of activity required is just right.C. Because they help students learn to follow rules in class.D. Because they can arouse students? curiosity.15. A. Whether there is difference between school subjects.B. Whether physical activity is linked to academic performance.C. Whether a comparison should be made with the control.D. Whether the amount of activity affects academic performance.Section C ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefs on the Answer Sheet. You nowhave 25 seconds to read the questions below.(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. To keep your sensitive information safe, your job is to create a password that is very_________ (3 words).17. Your password should not ________ (2 words) about you.18. Consider this: in addition to ________ (2 words), phrases can also be easy to remember.19. This password could still be stronger by adding upper-case letters, numbers or ________ (2words).20. Always remember to ________ (3 words) each site you visit on a computer that isn?t yours. PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Facebook?s top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of theirA. optionalB. qualifiedC. desirableD. casual22. Ways have to be found to accommodate the special needs of these left-behind children in ruralareas.A. satisfyB. occupyC. alterD. host23. The number of people with Alzheimer?s disease in the United States is projected to more thandouble by 2050.A. devisedB. thrustC. estimatedD. encountered24. My supervisor, gentle and friendly, made me feel at ease from the first meeting with him.A. at largeB. at lengthC. at randomD. at home25. I searched the library to see what I could learn about the massacre, but nothing turned up.A. was recommendedB. was foundC. was understood26. Geraldine Ferraro said that whoever coined the term ObamaCare was brilliant.A. came uponB. broke downC. made upD. drew on27. Upon learning that his mother was gravely ill, he wasted no time getting to the hospital.A. suddenlyB. moderatelyC. seriouslyD. genetically28. It requires uncompromising efforts to develop these residences into true homes for ourunderprivileged citizens.A. unproductiveB. unyieldingC. uninvitingD. unintentional29. Snow is not predicated for today; we can expect some rain, though.A. althoughB. thereforeC. yetD. however30. At that time, there was a wealth of evidence that Japan was planning war in the Pacific.A. abundantB. valuableC. expensiveD. pricelessSection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.31. This old man developed nerve damage to his brain, _______him nearly disabled.A. leavingB. keepingC. allowingD. causing32. These discoveries have opened up new _______ in the field of cancer research.A. rainbowsB. horizonsC. altitudesD. paradoxes33. Some politicians in Japan still believe that the Nanjing massacre is nothing but a _______.A. novelB. flawC. truthD. myth34. Many people choose to be honest when creating theironline _______ to make future datingeasier.A. pretextsB. prepositionsC. profilesD. protests35. Several large studies have found _______ lower odds of heart disease among regular nuteaters.A. confidentlyB. consistentlyC. conceptuallyD. contemptuously36. The boss needs a workout program that perfectly _______ his busy schedule.A. turns intoB. falls intoC. looks intoD. fits into37. A glimpse _______ our solar system reveals the neighborhood outside the sun?s influence isstranger than expected.A. intoB. atC. byD. beyond38. It has never _______ to me that an intimate knowledge of English grammar can be so useful.A. occurredB. happenedC. turnedD. conformed39. The FDA is expected to require safety studies on e-cigarettes and _______ their use.A. regulateB. recollectC. reboundD. rehearse40. Teenagers can become ________ and hard to handle if every single decision is taken awayfrom them.A. obedientB. cooperativeC. rebelliousD. aestheticPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marched A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.“A better, richer and happier life for all our citizens.”That?s the American __41__. In practice, it means living in a spacious, air-conditioned house, owning a car or three and maybe a boat or a holiday home, not to mention flying off to __42__ destinations.The trouble __43__ this lifestyle is that it consumes a lot of power. If everyone in the world started living like wealthy Americans, we __44__need to generate more than 10 times __45__energy each year. And __46__, in a century or three, we all expect to be __47__ by an army of robots and fly into space on holidays, we are going to need a vast amount more. Where are we going to get so much power from?It is clear that continuing to rely on __48__ fuels will have catastrophic results, because of the dramatic warming effect of carbon dioxide. But alternative power sources will affect the climate too. For now, the climate effects of “clean energy” sources are trivial __49__ those fromgreenhouse gases, but if we keep on using ever more power over the coming centuries, they will become ever more __50__.41. A. constitution B. dream C. history D. character42. A. exotic B. patriotic C. supersonic D. alcoholic43. A. on B. for C. at D. with44. A. shall B. will C. should D. would45. A. much more B. more than C. as much D. of more46. A. if B. though C. while D. so47. A. taken to B. attended to C. attached to D. submitted to48. A. rock B. stone C. fossil D. diamond49. A. according to B. based on C. such as D. compared with50. A. significant B. imperative C. indispensable D. negligiblePART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then to the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can?t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago or an old acquaintance?s name. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being.Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there?s actually a lot that can be done. It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way out muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. Because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.A new company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program”, called Lumosity, to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That?s because they have integrated these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing –much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.Apparently it works. In randomized, controlled clinical trialsLumosity was shown to significantly improve basic cognitive functions. One study showed students improved their scores on math tests by 34 percent after using Lumosity for six weeks. The company says its users have reported clearer and quicker thinking, improved memory, increased alertness and awareness, elevated mood, and better concentration at work or while driving.While many of the games at Lumosity are free, a modest subscription fee is required to use the full program over the long term. However, Lumosity is currently offering a free trial of their program to new users so that you can see how well it works before you decide to subscribe. The company believes the results will speak for themselves.51. What c an we learn about “senior moments”?A. They are nothing to be worried about.B. They happen to each middle-aged person.C. They mostly happen to the elders.D. They are signs of declining memory.52. Neuroscientists are beginning to find that _______.A. cognitive functions can be improved by mental effortB. intelligence varies with the amount of physical exerciseC. “senior moments” are quite useful at workD. our brain and muscles should be trained differently53. From Paragraph 3, it can be concluded that Lumosity _______.A. is just an online place to exercise your mental skillsB. requires the users to keep doing the same gamesC. is a set of exercises intended for the mentally-retardedD. can help users make improvement in the brain54. Clinical trials have proved that Lumosity _______.A. is better than reportedB. is highly effective and beneficialC. should be under strict controlD. leaves much to be desired55. Which of the following statements is true about Lumosity?A. Access to these games is quite expensive.B. Chronic users have to pay for the access to the games.C. All the games at Lumosity are free of charge.D. Access to the games is limited to subscribers.56. The main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A. present the new findings of neuroscientistsB. remind the middle-aged to take physical exerciseC. describe how Lumosity came into beingD. introduce how braining training makes you smarterPassage TwoAccording to psychology professor Carol Dweck of Stanford University, “Praising children for being smart can backfire.” If this doesn?t get the attention of Millennium parents, I?m not sure what will.It is my observation that so many parents today believe that if their child appears to be the beast bit “advanced” for his ag e, he?s destined to be the next Albert Einstein, Tiger Woods, or Bill Gates. It?s human nature for mom and dad to show much admiration for their child and dish out praise for accomplishments achieved. The problem is, according to this study, parents may not be doing the best thing by praising their child for his intelligence.Dweck?s research involved junior high students in New York and concluded that “classroom performance improved when her study subjects believed the brain is like a muscle that can grow.”Students who “focused on the learning process (effort,concentration or strategies used) asked for feedback and did better in all subjects.” Feedback such as, …You did well because you worked so hard?or …You used so many descriptive words to make this story interesting?can encourage children to try new things, as they are being rewarded for their effort. When the …time and effort?strategy is being positively reinforced, the child will probably use the same strategy next time they are learning something. Over time new strategies can be introduced, so the child?s repertoire of strategies is broadened.Dweck goes on to say that “they (students who improved) performed better because their success was being measured by effort, not by test scores or grades.” Pare nts should praise effort, not just results. Children who received praise about their innate abilities (talents or strengths) had less chance of trying new things and became anxious and under performed as things became more difficult. That is one of the greatest dangers to continually praising children for whatever they do in order to falsely raise a child?s self-esteem.What are mom and dad to do? Offer genuine praise and encouragement for effort and successes, but balance this with setting appropriate expectations and following up with consequences when the child falls short due to laziness. Don?t make excuses. Your child will better face the challenges life has to offer in the future when you as a parent recognize the efforts he is making today.57. The un derline word “backfire” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. create some miraclesB. produce an undesirable resultC. be negligible to some extentD. be motivating and inspiring58. Which of the following can be considered proper feedback?A. You did really well on this spelling test, you must have spent hours practicing your words.B. Oh, honey, you?re so smart –that failing grade won?t matter anyway.C. This is a wonderful painting. What a great artist you are!D. You did really well on this spelling test, you are very clever.59. A child who is praised for his effort and strategy is likely to ________.A. have his learning strategies increasedB. feel inferior to the smart childrenC. have falsely high self-esteemD. expect more praise and encouragement60. Praising a child for his talent may ________.A. encourage him to try new thingsB. motivate him to greater effortsC. leave him less prepared for challengesD. put his life at risk in case of failure61. The author?s advice to parents is _______.A. to expose the child to greater challengesB. not to expect too much of a childC. to forbid the child to make any excusesD. to combine praise with constructive criticism62. Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?A. Never Praise Your Child for Any of His AchievementsB. Praise Your Child, But Not for Being SmartC. How to Reward a Child for His EffortD. Praise – a Must for the Child?s FuturePassage ThreeAs a new matchmaker, internet dating sites promise two cutting edges: a vastly greater choice of potential partners and scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together.The greater choice is unarguable. But does is lead to better outcomes? And do the “scientifically tested methods”actually work? These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel.The researchers? first observation is how any of the much-boasted partner-matching methods actually works. Many firms preserve their intellectual property as trade secrets, and there is no reason why internet dating sites should not be among them. But this renders claims of effectiveness impossible to test objectively. There is thus no independent scientific evidence that any of these methods does enhance the chance of their hitting it off when they meet.It is possible to test the value of a claim that they match people with compatible personality traits. However, Dr Dyrenforth asked more than 20,000 people about their relationships and assessed their personalities. Members of couples with similar personalities were indeed happier than those without. But the difference was just 0.5%.Surely, the chances of finding that magic other are increased by the second thing internet dating brings: a multitude of choice. But here, too, things are not as simple as they might seem.An assumption behind all consumer decisions is that what people think they want is what they actually need. And the data suggest people are not good at knowing what they want. One of Dr Finkel?s own studies showed that when they are engaged inspeed dating, people?s stated preferences at the beginning of the process do not well match the characters of the individuals they actually like. When faced with abundant choices, people pay less attention to characteristics that require thinking and conversation to evaluate and more to matters physical. Choice, in other words, dulls the critical faculties.Finkel?s conclusion is that love is as hard to find on the internet as elsewhere. You may be just as likely to luck out in the local café, or by acting on the impulse to stop and talk to that stranger on the street whose glance you caught, as you are by clicking away with a mouse and hoping that, one day, Cupid?s arrow will strike.63. The effectiveness of the dating sites is difficult to verify scientifically because they ________.A. keep their intellectual property secretB. have two cutting edgesC. adopt strange matching methodsD. are good at deception as evidenced64. The expression “hit it off” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.A. say goodbyeB. get along wellC. get hurtD. dislike each other65. Dr. Dyrenforth found that couples with different personalities ________.A. were much less happy than those with similar personalitiesB. were more likely to divorce than those with similar personalitiesC. were almost as happy as those with similar personalitiesD. were much happier than those with similar personalities66. According to Paragraph 6, the abundance of choices offered by the dating sites ________.A. can increase the chance of finding ideal partnersB. helps people to become better aware of what they wantC. divers attention from other mental qualitiesD. leads to exclusive concern with one?s appearance67. Finkel?s conclusion is that ________.A. it is impossible to find true love on the Internet wherever you areB. you are as likely to find love through chance encounters as via the InternetC. you are more likely to find love through these online dating sitesD. you can find love more easily by talking to a stranger on the street68. The researchers? attitude towards these Internet dating sites is ________.A. suspicionB. confidenceC. objectionD. recommendationPassage FourMany countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorist?s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a driver?s attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and ToddHorowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr Kunar and Dr Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.They also explored the effect of simply listening to something –such as a radio program. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stoker?s “Dracula”. Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction times. Dr Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brain?s resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible – especially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows,they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And they?ll be likelier to arrive in one piece.69. Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving?A. Hands.B. Feet.C. EyesD. The brain70. In Kunar and Horowitz?s experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking ______.A. reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesB. reacted more quickly, but made more mistakesC. reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakesD. reacted more slowly and made more mistakes71. According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking _______.A. affects drivers more than a phone conversationB. affects drivers more than listening to a storyC. has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversationD. has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story72. The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving _______.A. is necessary and feasibleB. has been frequently brokenC. will arouse heated debateD. has been widely observed73. The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with _______.A. the lawmakersB. car manufacturersC. drivers themselvesD. new technology74. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. inform people of the danger of using phones while drivingB. call on lawmakers to make new road laws on the use of cell phonesC. offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while drivingD. weigh the benefits and harms of using phones when drivingPassage FiveIn these times of fast media and ever-growing Internet, we are under so many external influences that it is anything but easy to think for ourselves. Unless you are a cunning, very aware person, you most likely don?t even know when your thinking is not your own.Not that all outside influence is bad to forming your own views, but being unable to think for yourself can make you miserable at best, or a puppet of someone else?s programming, at worst.Admittedly, we are all born into societies or cultures where the norms and customs are already established. We have little choice but to conform to what is already in place. This is not necessarily a bad thing. However, it can be confining and controlling if we accept everything blindly and never question the status quo.Does this mean all of your ideas can be original and unlike everyone else?s? Not at all!Nor does it require being contrary and argumentative just to be defiant or stand out. To think for yourself means that whateveropinions you hold will be well thought out and arise from thorough investigation and thoughtful analysis. It means choosing to not compromise the facts for the sake of consensus or fitting in. It is not unlike critical thinking – it just brings about a broader scope of choices and decision-making in your life.For example, how many of us feel the need to keep up with …the latest?? We wear clothes, listen to music and follow trends that the media tells us we should in order to be cool. Marketing companies create ads that tempt us into a herd mentality as we fall into debt, wear fashions that are unbecoming, and get caught up in a cycle of over-spending and then stressing out over it. We are living lives designed for us by the powers without our conscious participation.Another trap we fall into when we don?t think for ourselves is groupthink. Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that takes place within a group of people who try to avoid conflict and reach agreement without critically evaluating options or alternative ideas. The problem with groupthink is that it hinders finding the best solutions, impedes creative ideas and frustrates independent thinking. Wanting to be part of the crowd can certainly have its drawbacks!75. It can be learned from the first paragraph that ________.A. it is necessary to take one?s own interest into considerationB. a clever person is always obedient and unselfishC. independent thinking doesn?t come easily to usD. the Internet has made humans more thoughtful76. Trying to conform to established ideas ________.A. is something you can easily avoid doingB. is sometimes what we can?t help doing。
北方工业大学《冶金学术基础英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、She seems to prefer American TV Shows to talking to me.A.to watch B.to be watching C.watching D.having watched2、-I _______ in the same position too long. My legs have fallen asleep.-Shake it a little before you get up.A.will sit B.have satC.am sitting D.have been stting3、—I am putting on weight again! Maybe I should start doing yoga.—You _______ that the whole morning!A.are saying B.have said C.have been saying D.were saying4、If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.A.didn’t see B.weren’t seeingC.wouldn’t see D.hadn’t seen5、They have leading experts in this field, and that's ____ they've made important progress. A.where B.why C.whether D.who6、.---How did you French?---- I lived in Paris for two years before I came to England, so I got lots of practice.A.go through B.pick up C.set up D.turn up7、All of a sudden, the thief walking behind a young and pretty lady _______ her purse,______into the crowd.A.seizing; rushed B.seized; rushed C.seizing; rushing D.seized; rushing8、students English well, the teacher tries to speak English in class very often.A.Teaching B.Taught9、When faced with a big challenge ________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: “Be more confident.”A.where B.whose C.which D.of which10、Will it be ages ______ he goes back to school? I'm so worried about him.A.before B.afterC.when D.as第二部分阅读理解(满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
大学英语在线作业参考(河北工程成人)

一、单选题1. The teacher's _______ is to write a thesis on water pollution.C、assignment2. Due to the achievements he made in physics, he is considered to be a _______ physician.C、distinguished5. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, __________ the color of his skin.D、regardless of6. Divorce deeply influences the development of a child's __________.C、personality9. He has already _______ a passport and a visa for going to the United States.B、obtained11. Six country were __________ in the War.C、involved12. A number of changes __________ in China in the past twenty years.B、occurred13. I hope you won't __________ by my questions.D、be annoyed14. Students have __________ to the library during the vocation.A、access17. He never saw such a woman of __________ beauty.A、extraordinary18. Each person's fingerprints are__________.D、unique19. They would __________ to live in the U.S. but they can't get a visa.C、prefer20. The research __________ by the scientists show the sixth sense exists.C、conducted一、单选题1. He always keep a dictionary within his _____.A、reach2. Both what I say and _____ are right.B、what I think3. Tom and Mary are going to _____ married when they return from abroad.C、get4. No sooner _____ than the trouble started.B、had he arrived5. The George Washington Bridge is a double-deck bridge across _____ Hudson River.C、the6. _____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park,why don't you take a bus to town?B、Rather than7. _____ is accepted as true is relatively,and not absolutely,true.C、What8. _____ is believing.A、Seeing9. Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.A、that10. Heavy debts and an old car were _____ his company after the economic crisis.C、what remained of二、对话单选题-- Hello. I'd like to speak to Mr. Reynolds.1. -- _____.A、I'm sorry he's not in right now-- I'm trying to contact a friend Fred Ashley.2. -- _____.C、Just a moment-- Extension 5578, please.3. -- _____.B、One moment, please-- Is this 792-3021?4. -- _____.D、No, this is 792-3025-- Could you connect me with the reservation office?5. -- _____.B、Hold the line a minute. I'll connect you-- Is that Mr. White?6. -- _____.A、Yes, White speaking-- It's a pleasure to meet you.7. -- _____.C、Me too-- Mrs. Smith, I'd like to introduce a friend of mine, Johnny Depp.8. -- _____.B、How do you do?-- Wendy, I'd like you to meet my brother Sam.9. -- _____.C、Nice to meet you.-- I hope you're enjoying your stay here.10. -- _____.A、Thank you.一、单选题1. None of their new products have sold well,_____?B、have they2. He always keep a dictionary within his _____.A、reach3. Tom and Mary are going to _____ married when they return from abroad.C、get5. Some other cases,though less dramatic,are equally _____ attention.C、deserving6. No sooner _____ than the trouble started.B、had he arrived7. _____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park,why don't you take a bus to town?B、Rather than8. _____ is believing.A、Seeing9. Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.A、that10. Heavy debts and an old car were _____ his company after the economic crisis.C、what remained of二、对话单选题-- Hello. I'd like to speak to Mr. Reynolds.1. -- _____.A、I'm sorry he's not in right now-- I'm trying to contact a friend Fred Ashley.2. -- _____.C、Just a moment-- Extension 5578, please.3. -- _____.B、One moment, please-- Is this 792-3021?4. -- _____.D、No, this is 792-3025-- Could you connect me with the reservation office?5. -- _____.B、Hold the line a minute. I'll connect you-- I'd like to make a collect call to 352-3558.6. -- _____.A、Who shall I say is phoning?-- Is that Mr. White?7. -- _____.A、Yes, White speaking-- Would you mind changing seats with me?8. -- _____.C、No, I don't mind-- Mrs. Smith, I'd like to introduce a friend of mine, Johnny Depp.9. -- _____.B、How do you do?-- Wendy, I'd like you to meet my brother Sam.10. -- _____.C、Nice to meet you.一、单选题1. None of their new products have sold well,_____?B、have they2. The project _____ by the end of 1998.A、had been completed3. Both what I say and _____ are right.B、what I think4. Some other cases,though less dramatic,are equally _____ attention.C、deserving5. No sooner _____ than the trouble started.B、had he arrived6. The George Washington Bridge is a double-deck bridge across _____ Hudson River.C、the7. _____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park,why don't you take a bus to town?B、Rather than8. _____ is accepted as true is relatively,and not absolutely,true.C、What9. _____ is believing.A、Seeing10. Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.A、that二、对话单选题-- Hello. I'd like to speak to Mr. Reynolds.1. -- _____.A、I'm sorry he's not in right now-- I'm trying to contact a friend Fred Ashley.2. -- _____.C、Just a moment-- Is this 792-3021?3. -- _____.D、No, this is 792-3025-- I'd like to make a collect call to 352-3558.5. -- _____.A、Who shall I say is phoning?-- Operator, could you please get me 812-7986 in San Francisco?6. -- _____.C、You can dial that direct, sir-- It's a pleasure to meet you.7. -- _____.C、Me too-- Mrs. Smith, I'd like to introduce a friend of mine, Johnny Depp.8. -- _____.B、How do you do?-- Wendy, I'd like you to meet my brother Sam.9. -- _____.C、Nice to meet you.-- I hope you're enjoying your stay here.10. -- _____.A、Thank you.。
工业设计英语课结课作业

以娱乐为目的的设计物品为什么信息必须以一种枯燥乏味的形式,例如数字表格,来呈现呢?大多数时候我们不需要真实的数字,只需要一些标记表明趋势是向上还是向下,是快还是慢,或者一些粗略的估计值。
因此,为什么不以丰富多彩的方式显示信息,使边缘性注意不断得到信息呢?不过这要以一种快乐的方式而不是分心的方式进行。
Ishii教授有一次指出了这一方法:请想象鲜艳的纸风车在你头的上方旋转,想起来就会兴奋,不过纸风车旋转的速度是有意义的,可能与外面的温度有关,或者可能与你每天上下班是路上的交通流量有关,或者与任何看起来有用的统计数字有关。
你需要在一个特定的时间提醒你去做某事吗?为什么不让这些纸风车在时间快到的时候加快速度呢?速度越快就越可能吸引你的注意,同时也表明情况的紧急性。
用旋转纸风车?为什么不呢?为什么不使信息以一种快乐、舒服的方式显示呢?科技应该给我们的生活带来更多东西,而不仅仅是提高完成任务的成绩;它应该是生活变得丰富和快乐。
带给我们生活乐趣和快乐的一个好方法是信任艺术家的技艺。
幸运的是,在我们周围就有许多带来快乐的方法。
请想一想日式午餐盒的乐趣,它开始是作为一种简单的工作午餐。
在这个盒子里,你可以享受到各色各样的食物,其品种非常多,即使你不喜欢一些主菜你也会有其他的选择。
盒子虽小,但装得满满的,这给厨师提出了一个美的挑战。
在最好的情况下(见图 4.2),结果是一幅艺术作品;原本就是用于消费的实用艺术。
日本工业设计师Kanji Ekuan 指出,日式午餐盒的美式设计的一个极好的例子。
这个午餐盒分成了几个小格,每个格子理由五六种食物,在它小小的空间里装着二十到二十五种色彩和风味不同的美食。
Ekuan这样形容它:如果这样努力的成果没有被看一眼或者没有得到片刻的思考就被吃掉了,厨师……自然就会失望,(因此)他或者她努力使午餐盒李的饭菜变得非常漂亮,以致客人真的不愿意拿起筷子开始吃。
不过,即使这样,这一杰作被吃掉也只是一个时间问题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
河北工业大学专业英语结课作业动态振动吸收器和辅助质量阻尼器f·埃弗雷特瑞德介绍辅助质量经常通过弹簧和阻尼装置连接到振动系统上,以帮助控制系统的振动幅度。
根据应用的不同,这些辅助质量系统分为两类。
1.如果主系统是兴奋的力或位移,恒频,或在某些情况下,一个激动人心的力量,旋转速度是一个常数,然后可以修改振动模式,大幅降低其振幅通过使用一个辅助质量弹簧调整激励的频率。
当辅助质量系统具有尽可能小的阻尼时,它被称为动态吸收器。
2.如果不可能在过度振动的结构中加入阻尼,可以在附加在结构上的辅助系统中提供阻尼。
当以这种方式使用时,辅助质量系统是阻尼器的一种形式。
(其他形式可合并为系统的组成部分。
)这种类型的系统被称为阻尼减振器或辅助质量阻尼器。
辅助质量系统的电气分析有时是有用的卡尔模拟。
动力吸收器和辅助质量阻尼器的形式在其最简单的形式中,当应用于一个单自由度系统时,辅助质量系统的特性与主系统相同。
因此扭力系统有一个扭力相连的辅助质量,线性系统有一个线性弹簧相连的质量,摆有一个辅助摆。
附在单自由度系统上的无阻尼辅助质量系统的例子如图6.1和6.2所示;图6.3和6.4给出了阻尼辅助质量系统的实例。
在多自由度系统中,辅助质量的附着不像单自由度系统那样常规。
例如,考虑图6.5A 所示的两个自由度系统,该系统由两个质量和一个刚性的无质量杆组成。
1 2 图6.5B所示的动力吸收器对垂直平动运动是有效的;然而,如果辅助质量位于安装在刚性杆上的悬臂梁上(如图6.5C所示),则吸收器可以有效地进行垂直平移运动和绕垂直于页轴的旋转运动。
辅助质量系统作用的表示方法假设一个线性辅助质量系统,由一个或多个质量、弹簧和阻尼器组成,附加在一个振动主系统上。
主系统的反作用力与附着点的运动振幅成正比。
它是激励频率和质量、弹簧刚度和辅助质量系统阻尼常数的函数。
如果辅助质量系统中没有阻尼,则反力与附着点的位移和加速度呈相位或180°反相。
然而,当辅助系统中有阻尼时,随着加速度和位移,反力有一个90°的反相分量。
由于反应与运动的振幅成正比,所以可以表示助剂的性质.。
质量系统在附着点的运动。
有三种方法可以做到这一点:(1)附着点处的反力与位移的比值,(2)的比值反作用力和速度的关系附着点。
(3)附着点处反作用力与加速度之比。
第一比率可以认为相当于弹簧的刚度随频率而变化。
第二比率可视为相当于阻尼器;在任何频率下,它的大小等于力-位移比除以从力和位移之间的相位角。
这个力速比称为辅助系统的机械阻抗Z。
第三个比值对应于一个质量,称为等效质量m。
eq系统的等效质量是−1 /ω2等效弹簧另一点的系统。
图6.3阻尼辅助质量系统角频率与无阻尼振动ab-对应的相位角力与速度之间为90°分力,如图6.1所示。
图6.4典型的阻尼辅助质量系统。
在(A)处的扭转系统中,阻尼是由飞轮J、J的相对运动提供的。
在(B)处所示的船舶防滚罐中,水从一个储罐流向另一个储罐,阻尼是由连接管道的收缩提供的。
图6.5动态减振器在垂直平移和旋转模式下降低(a)处弹簧杆振动的应用。
(B)处的线性质量-弹簧系统只对平移运动有效,而(C)处的悬臂梁对旋转和平移运动均有效。
由于力与位移、速度和连接点处的加速度之间的相位关系,通常将比值表示为复数。
因此, Z = K eq/jω = jωm eq.大多数机械系统的动力学分析都是在纯反应性系统上进行的。
,系统只有质量和刚度,没有阻尼。
如果把辅助质量系统的作用表示为一个反应子系统,则辅助质量系统的作用最容易理解。
由于这个原因,并且由于对一个系统的质量的假设的增加往往比弹簧的增加更容易理解,在这一章中辅助质量系统的影响是用等效质量来处理的,即为辅助系统对主系统施加的力与辅助系统在附着点处的加速度之比。
简单辅助质量系统对振动系统的影响等效质量的大小的一个简单的辅助质量系统,组成的质量,弹簧k、c和粘滞阻尼器,可以随时通过评估确定这样一个系统产生的力在基础振动频率f =ω/ 2π。
假设系统常数和位移如图6.6 a所示。
作用在m上的弹簧力和阻尼力如图 6.6B所示,运动方程为:(−k a x r−c a jωx r)e jωt= −ma(X o+X r)×ω2×e jωt图6.6辅助质量阻尼器。
阻尼器的布置如图(A)所示,作用在质量上的力如图(B)所示。
解出X:x r=m aω2x o−m aω2+jc aω+k a作用在基础上的力:Fe jωt=(k a+jc aω)x r e jωt 从前面的方程中消去x:F=(K a+jc aω)m aω2−m aω2+jc aω+k a由于一个等效质量施加于运动的力是:m eq=K a+jc aωK a+jc aω−m aω2上式可表示为无量纲量:m eq=1+2ζβa j (1−βa2)+2ζβa j其中,βa=ωωa, 一个调谐参数ωa2=K am a,辅助系统的固有频率。
ζ=c ac ca, 阻尼参数c ca =2√K a m a , 辅助系统的临界阻尼。
式(6.4)可分为实分量和虚分量:m eq =(1−βa 2)+2ζβa 3(1−βa 2)2+2ζβa 3m a −2ζβa 3(1−βa 2)2+2ζβa 2j m amare 的实部和虚部分别如图6.7A 和B 所示。
eq 如果没有阻尼,ζ= 0m eq =11−βa 2If βa = 1 in Eq. (6.6), m eq 成为了无限和有限的力量产生。
因此,辅助质量强制一个不动点(即,节点)在其连接点上。
这一概念可用于通过附加阻尼吸收器来降低单自由度系统的强迫振动振幅。
1,2 带有阻尼辅助质量系统的系统示意图如图6.8A 所示。
在图6.8B 所示的等效系统中,没有力作用在质量m 上,而是给了支撑一个运动u e jωt , 图6.8B 系统的方程与图6.8A 系统的方程相似,只是用数值ku 代替了f:x 0=F/K 1−mω2/k辅助质量系统的作用是使主系统的质量m 增加等于辅助系统的质量,如式(6.4)所示x 0=F/K 1−ω2k [m +m a 1+2ζβa j (1−βa 2)+2ζβa j ] 用μ= m / m,质量比, δst = F/k,弹簧的静态偏差的主要系统, β = √mω2/k , 强迫频率与原系统固有频率之比,以无量纲形式写:x 0=(1−βa 2)+2ζβa j (1−βa 2)+2ζβa j −β2[(1−βa 2)+2ζβa j +μ(1+2ζβa j )]与相位无关的原质量运动的振幅为:图6.7辅助质量体系的等效质量mof 如图6.6所示。
eq 等效质量的实部在(A)处,虚部在(B)处。
x0δst ={(1−βa2)2+(2ζβa)2[(1−βa2)(1−β2)−β2μ]+(2ζβa)2[1−β2−β2μ]2}1/2果ζ= 0(无阻尼),那么:x0δst =1−βa2(1−βa2)(1−β2)−β2μ如果β= 1,x = 0;也就是说,主系统的振动消除完全当辅助系统无阻尼强迫的频率。
动态吸收器如果辅助质量系统没有阻尼,并调整到强迫频率,它作为一个动态吸收器,并在其附着点施加力。
辅助质量必须足够大,这样它才不会有过大的振幅。
3 对于一个附加在主系统上的动态吸收器,在引入激励的地方,辅助体所需的质量很容易确定。
由于初始质量不动,吸收体施加的力为辅助质量的运动振幅为u,与激振力f符号相反,相等,因此:F=m aω2U O图6.8辅助质量通过弹簧kand粘滞阻尼器耦合到主系统k, m,主系统受(a)处的力F或(B)处的基础运动u的激励。
由于频率已知,抵消给定激振力所需的运动质量和振幅由式(6.9)决定。
辅助系统的弹簧刚度由辅助系统调谐到激振力频率的要求决定:K a=m aω2虽然调整动态吸收器的概念看起来很简单,但是实际的考虑使得精确地调整任何系统变得很困难。
当辅助质量相对于主系统质量较小时,其有效性取决于精确的调谐。
如果调谐不正确,附加的辅助质量可能使复合系统(主系统和辅助系统)与激振力发生共振。
考虑复合系统的固有频率。
主系统的自然频率ω0 = √k/m, 这个关系,Eq。
(6.8)的阻尼为零(ζ= 0),于是:x0=1−ω2/ωa2(2a2)(2o2)(2o2)在共振分母为零和ω指定ωn:(ωn2−ωa2)(ωn2−ω02)−ωn2ω02μ=0固有频率可以从上式中得出:ωn2=ωa2(1+μ)+ω022±√[ωa2(1+μ)+ω022]2+ωa2ω02μ由于吸收器是名义上的频率调到励磁,根ωn2 接近迫使频率是感兴趣的。
ωn2/ωa测量灵敏度的优化需要避免共振。
ωn2/ωa这是给定的函数ω0/ωa的各种比率图6.10。
0当没有吸收器的初级系统与激励接近共振时,动态吸收器是最常用的。
若原系统的固有频率小于强迫频率,则应将动力吸收器调至略低于强迫频率的频率,以避免原系统固有频率以上的共振。
同样地,如果主系统的固有频率高于强迫频率,那么最好将阻尼器调到略大于强迫频率的频率。
从图6.10可以看出,高固有频率主系统的调谐比低固有频率主系统的调谐更敏感。
图6.9的莫尔圆提供了一种有用的图形表示。
图6.9表示的自然频率ωof莫尔圆的复合系统。
n 直径的圆构造位于自然频率ω,分别ωof主系统和辅助系统。
0a 复合系统的固有频率由圆与水平轴的截距表示。
图6.10曲线显示效果的质量比m / m固有频率ωof复合系统,几个比率的固有频率ωof辅助系统自然频率ωof主系统。
当复合系统的固有频率接近于减振器的调谐频率时,主质量在共振时的运动振幅要比减振器小得多。
因此,即使在共振时,原始质量的运动也不会变得很大;但是减振器的运动,除非受到阻尼的限制,否则会变得太大而发生故障。
图6.11 动力减振器附在主系统的弹簧上。
分析表明,这并不像附加在刚体上那样有效动力吸振器的使用不局限于单自由度系统,也不局限于激发力作用的简单系统。
然而, 位于激振力作用的地方。
例如,在图6.11所示的简单系统中,考虑一个附加在弹簧上的动态吸收器。
当减振器调整到ω0 = √k/m,等效质量是无限的依恋和执行节点点a如果之间的弹簧的刚度和质量m k,然后由F′施加了力:F′=F1−(mω2/k1)因此,辅助质量的运动振幅为:u o=F1−(mω2/k1)×1m aω2主质量的运动振幅为:x=Fk1(1−mω2k1)−1因此,附着在弹簧上的吸收体不如附着在力作用的物体上的吸收体有效。
主系统有可能对A处的新节点产生共振。
辅助质量阻尼器一般来说,动力吸收器只对受恒频激励的系统有效。
在钟摆减振器的特殊情况下(本章稍后讨论),它对于转速为常数倍的激励是有效的。