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(完整版)大学体育理论试题和答案(三)

(完整版)大学体育理论试题和答案(三)

、负重锻炼法,既用于普通人为增强体质锻炼身体,又用于各项运动员进行身体锻炼,还可用于解决身体疾患的康复。

(√ )25、动力性力量是指肌肉作等长收缩时产生的力量。

(×)26、采用大重量、次数少而阻力大的练习最有利于减肥。

(×)27、采用中重量、中次数、高组数、短间歇的练习可以达到突出肌肉线条的效果。

(√ )28、训练心血管呼吸系统必须严格控制速度,控制速度最好的指标是用心率。

(√ )29、女子进入青春期,柔韧素质会出现明显下降趋向,这是由于体重的增加,有氧能力下降的缘故。

(×)30、发展柔韧素质时不用部位的练习要交替进行,练习中一般应先拉压、后振踢,先主动、后被动,由小到大,由弱到强。

(√ )31、日光浴不宜在沥青地面或靠近石墙进行,避免沥青蒸汽中毒和辐射太强(√ )32、人体共有206块骨头,其中有1/3在两只脚上(×)33、矫正体育是指针对某些身体有缺陷或运动功能障碍的人所进行的专门性体育锻炼。

(√ )34、在运动锻炼身体的过程中,把减少运动量或停歇下来降低负荷的方法,叫间歇锻炼。

(√ )35、力量素质是指肌肉紧张时表现出来的一种能力。

这种能力按肌肉收缩形式可分为静力性力量和动力性力量。

(×)36、中重量、中次数、中组数、中间歇主要用于发展爆发力量。

(×)37、耐力练习中,对青少年学生来说脉搏应该维持在130-160次/min为宜。

(√ )38、体育锻炼的特点有群众性、选择性、适应性、习惯性。

(√ )39、体育游戏属于竞技运动类。

(×)40、每天下午4时至6时,是一天最好的运动时间。

(√ )二、选择题1、安排每周锻炼计划时,运动负荷应大中小结合,大运动负荷每周 A 次为宜。

A、1-2B、2-3C、3-4D、4-52、掌握适宜的运动量,一般可采用心率百分法,即采用使心率升高到本人最高心率的 D 强度作为标准锻炼的方法。

A、60-70%B、80-90%C、85-95%D、70-85%3、通常认为,在重复锻炼中,普通大学生的负荷心率在 A 的范围内。

(完整版)分析化学实验试题3

(完整版)分析化学实验试题3

(完整版)分析化学实验试题3化学实验技能试题及答案1 分析天平与称量一、填空题11、直接称量法是用取试样放在已知质量的清洁而干燥的或上一次称取一定量的试样。

12、减重称量法是利用称量之差,求得一份或多份被称物的质量。

特点:在测量过程中不测,可连续称取若干份试样,优点是节省时间。

13、减重称量法常用称量瓶,使用前将称量瓶,称量时不可用手直接拿称量瓶,而要用套住瓶身中部或带细纱手套进行操作,这样可避免手汗和体温的影响。

14、固定称量法适用于在空气中没有的样品,可以在等敞口容器中称量,通过调整药品的量,称出指定的准确质量,然后将其全部转移到准好的容器中。

二、简答题1、直接称量法和减重称量法分别适用于什么情况?2、用减量法称取试样时,如果称量瓶内的试样吸湿,对分析结果造成会影响?如果试样倒入烧杯(或其他承接容器)后再吸湿,对称量结果是否有影响?2 滴定分析仪器和基本操作一、填空题1、量器洗净的标准是。

2、滴定管是滴定时准确测量溶液的量器,它是具有精确而内径的细长的玻璃管。

常量分析的滴定管容积有50mL和25mL,最小刻度为mL,读数可估计到 mL。

3、滴定管一般分为两种:一种是滴定管,另一种是滴定管。

4、滴定管读数时,滴定管应保持,以液面呈与为准,眼睛视线与在同一水平线上。

5、酸式滴定管使用前应检查是否灵活,然后检查。

试漏的方法是将关闭,在滴定管内充满水,将滴定管夹上,放置,看是否有水渗出;将活塞转动180°,再放置2min ,看是否有水渗出。

若前后两次均无水渗出,活塞转动也灵活,即可使用,否则应将活塞取出,重新涂后再使用。

6、涂凡士林的方法是将活塞取出,用滤纸或干净布将的水擦净。

用手指蘸少许凡士林在活塞的两头,涂上薄薄一层,在离活塞的两旁少涂一些,以免凡士林堵住活塞孔;或者分别在的一端和的一端内壁涂一薄层凡士林,将活塞直插入活塞槽中按紧,并向同一个方向转动活塞,直至活塞中油膜。

7、滴定管洗净后在装标准溶液前应。

(完整版)医务人员手卫生规范消毒隔离技术规范试题及答案3

(完整版)医务人员手卫生规范消毒隔离技术规范试题及答案3

手卫生规范试题一、单项选择(6题)二、多项选择(10题)三、填空题 (28题)四、判断题(25题)五、简答题(10题)一、单项选择(共6题,共计6分)1、可通过直接接触患者或被污染的物体表面时获得,随时通过手传播,与医院感染密切相关的是。

()A 暂居菌B 常驻菌C 病毒D 支原体2、接触传染病患者后刷洗双手,正确的顺序是()A 前臂,腕部,手背,手掌,手指,指缝,指甲B 手指,指缝,手背,手掌,腕部,前臂,C 前臂,腕部,指甲,指缝,手背,手掌D 手掌,腕部,手指,前臂,指甲,指缝3、护生,赵某,在进行戴无菌手套的练习,老师应给予纠正的操作是()A 戴手套前先洗手、戴口罩和工作帽B 核对标签上的手套号码和灭菌日期C 戴上手套的右手持另一手套的内面戴上左手D 戴上手套的双手置腰部水平以上4、控制医院感染最简单、最有效、最方便、最经济的方法是:()A 环境消毒B 合理使用抗菌素C 洗手D 隔离传染病人5、手消毒效果应达到的要求:卫生手消毒监测的细菌数应()A ≤10cfu/cm2B≤5cfu/cm2C ≤15cfu/cm2D ≤8cfu/cm26、手消毒效果应达到的要求:外科手消毒监测的细菌数应()A ≤10cfu/cm2B ≤5cfu/cm2C ≤15cfu/cm2D ≤8cfu/cm2二、多项选择(共10题,共计10分)1、关于皮肤暂居菌的描述正确的是()A 机械清洗容易被去除B 通过直接接触病人或被污染的环境表面获得C 存活时间较短,会自行消亡D 具有致病性,与医院感染有很大关系E 不具有致病性,与医院感染没有很大关系2、下列哪些情况医务人员应认真洗手( )A 接触病人前后B 进行无菌操作前后C 进行介入治疗前后D 进人或离开隔离病房、ICU、母婴室、新生儿病房、烧伤病房、感染性疾病病房等重点部门E 戴口罩和穿脱隔离衣前后3、手卫生包括( )A 洗手B 卫生手消毒C 外科手消毒D 消毒剂泡手E 手消毒剂使用4、手消毒指征 ()A 进入和离开隔离病房、穿脱隔离衣前后B 接触特殊感染病原体后C 接触血液、体液和被污染的物品后D 接触消毒物品后E 无菌操作前5、关于手卫生设施的配备正确的是()A 水池应方便医务人员使用,重点部门应当采用非手触式水龙头开关B 尽量使用皂液洗手,使用的固体肥皂应保持干燥C 干手物品或者设施应当避免造成二次污染D 科室内可以设公用擦手毛巾方便医务人员E 科室内擦手毛巾应一人一巾6、关于戴手套的描述正确的是()A 进行侵入性操作时应当戴无菌手套B 戴手套前应当洗手C 摘手套后应当洗手D 若不是无菌操作不同病人之间可以不换手套E 戴手套前不用洗手7、医务人员在下列哪些情况下应当洗手?()A直接接触病人前后B 接触特殊易感病人前C 从同一病人身体一个部位移动到另一部位时D 接触不同病人之间E 摘手套后8、关于六步洗手法正确的描述是()A 流动水洗手时可采用B 洗手的每步顺序不必有先后C 认真揉搓双手至少15秒D 应注意清洗指背、指尖和指缝E 洗手的每步顺序必须有先后9、什么情况下必须先用流动水冲净双手,然后再使用手消毒剂消毒双手?()A 手被感染性物质污染时B 处理传染病病人污染物之后C 直接为传染病病人进行检查、治疗、护理时D 为病人进行身体检查前E 接触特殊易感病人前10、医务人员在下列哪些情况下必须洗手?()A 穿脱隔离衣前后B 处理清洁、无菌物品之前,处理污染物品之后C 进行无菌操作前后D 当医务人员的手被病人的血液、体液污染E 戴口罩和穿脱隔离衣前后三、填空题(共28题,共计28分)1、医务人员用速干手消毒剂揉搓双手,以减少手部暂居菌的过程,称卫生手消毒。

(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(三)

(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(三)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(三)十一What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriouslystudying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose ourfavourite clour as we grow up we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, assoon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods -- t here is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ------- until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1. ____________________________________ "You would rather follow than red" means _________________________________________ .a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer .a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3. ________________________________ "They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means .a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5. ____________________ Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of .a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案:bcaac十二Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonmano r offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable - e specially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2. ______________________________ "It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means .a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?a.Social Customs and Customsb.Social Lifec.American and British Customsd.Promptness Is Important4. ______________________________ According to the text, the best host .a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortableb.makes his guests feel excitedc.tries to avoid being naughty to his guestsd.tries to avoid being foolish5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following?a.The guest who ate his peas with a knifeb.The other guests who were amused or shockedc.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayd.None of the above答案:dcaac十三New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It wastransferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are usedto move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial a nd port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town -but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2. ______________________________________________ The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against ____________________________ .a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3. _______________________ The Code Napoleon was .a.an agreement to sell Louisianab. a body of lawsc. a city pland. a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b. A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c. A refusal to engage in trade and commerced. A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5. _____________________________________________ Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter ______________________ .a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes答案:bbbcc十四The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers.Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably becausea.the number of PH.D. degree holders is decliningb.the number of scientists and engineers is decreasingc.the number of 22-year-ilds is decliningd.scientists and engineers are not employed2. ___________________________________________________________________ The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from _________________a.technologyb.foreign nationalsc.such fields as law, medicine and businessd.postgraduates3. _______________________________ Large-scale enterprises now need .a.bright graduates and postgraduatesb.new inventionsc.advanced technologyd.engineers4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree becausea.they are not encouraged to be engaged in scienceb.industry does not require PH.D. holdersc.they have financial difficultiesd.they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D.5.PH.D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means thata.they find industry is attracting more and more college studentsb.they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industryc.they cannot resist any attraction from all sidesd.they cannot work for industry any longer答案:bcadb十五Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectivenesswill remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without itsmilitary the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutionalforces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will.But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.1.Now a nation's political influence depends on .a.the strength of its military forcesb.its ability to compete in industryc.economic marketsd.both a and b2.The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because ofa.its powerful military forcesb.its vast landc.its industrial competitivenessd.its contributions to world peace3.The author indicates that is threatening American political power.a.other countriesb.the declining U.S. industrial basec.a new standard for measuring powerd.less advanced technology4.America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of _________ .a.its ability to adapt technologyb.its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peoplec.its ability to compete in the world marketsd.both a and b5.The purpose of writing this article is .a.to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerb.to demonstrate American political influence in the worldc.to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial based.to show American industrial prowess答案:dabdc。

(完整版)数字电子技术基础试题及答案3

(完整版)数字电子技术基础试题及答案3

3《数字电子技术》试卷姓名:__ _______ 班级:__________ 考号:___________ 成绩:____________1. 有一数码10010011,作为自然二进制数时,它相当于十进制数( ),作为8421BCD 码时,它相当于十进制数( )。

2.三态门电路的输出有高电平、低电平和( )3种状态。

3.TTL 与非门多余的输入端应接( )。

4.TTL 集成JK 触发器正常工作时,其d R 和d S 端应接( )电平。

5. 已知某函数⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++=D C AB D C A B F ,该函数的反函数F =( )。

6. 如果对键盘上108个符号进行二进制编码,则至少要( )位二进制数码。

7. 典型的TTL 与非门电路使用的电路为电源电压为( )V ,其输出高电平为( )V ,输出低电平为( )V , CMOS 电路的电源电压为( ) V 。

8.74LS138是3线—8线译码器,译码为输出低电平有效,若输入为A 2A 1A 0=110时,输出 01234567Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 应为( )。

9.将一个包含有32768个基本存储单元的存储电路设计16位为一个字节的ROM 。

该ROM 有( )根地址线,有()根数据读出线。

10. 两片中规模集成电路10进制计数器串联后,最大计数容量为( )位。

11. );Y 3 =( )。

12. 某计数器的输出波形如图1所示,该计数器是( )进制计数器。

13.驱动共阳极七段数码管的译码器的输出电平为( )有效。

二、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)(在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

)1. 函数F(A,B,C)=AB+BC+AC 的最小项表达式为( ) 。

A .F(A,B,C)=∑m (0,2,4) B. (A,B,C)=∑m (3,5,6,7) C .F(A,B,C)=∑m (0,2,3,4) D. F(A,B,C)=∑m (2,4,6,7)2.8线—3线优先编码器的输入为I 0—I 7 ,当优先级别最高的I 7有效时,其输出012Y Y Y ••的值是( )。

(完整版)美学试题三标准答案

(完整版)美学试题三标准答案
30.下列艺术观中,不是由现代美学家提出的学说是(D)
A.集体无意识说B.有意味的形式说C.符号
说D.娱乐说
31.艺术鉴赏过程的三阶段按顺序应为(A)
A.
观、品、悟B.品、悟、

C.读、解、

D.
感、
品、

32.
下列要素不属于艺术想象的是(C)
A.
意象的触发B.:
意象的发展
C.意象的鲜

D.意象的形成
试题二答案
一、单项选择题(本大题共80小题,)
1.从艺术的起源角度来理解“什么是艺术”学说,康德、席勒、斯宾塞等人提出(A)。
A.游戏说B.集体无意识说C.模仿说D.表现说
2. 杜甫的诗句“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”,所表现的意象的主要特点是
A.虚拟性B .敏感性C.想象性
3. “天才”主要表现在具有与众不同或高于常人的能力来创造
A.艺术形式B.艺术内容C.艺术符号D.
24.当代美国哲学家(A)提出了“艺术是人类情感的符号
A.苏珊?朗格B.鲁道夫?阿恩海姆C.
25.艺术品的直接性物质存在是(C)
A.物质实在层B.意象世界层C.
意境超验层
将艺术的本体存在仅仅归结为艺术家直觉创造的美学家是( 弗洛伊德B.荣格
D.克罗齐 艺术品结构中的核心层次是(B)
A.有意境的世界
C.有意境的意象世界
20.人心境压抑时,去观看喜剧表演,
A.社会干预功能B.
能D.娱乐消遣功能
21.艺术意象是一种(C)
A.虚拟的存在B.客观的物质存在C.精神的存在
—精神存在
22.以下不属于艺术品的基本特征的是(A)
A.自律性B.他律性

(完整版)流行病学试题3

(完整版)流行病学试题3

(完整版)流⾏病学试题3流⾏病学试题三⼀、单项选择题1、下列措施中属于⼆级预防的是A、保健服务B、婚前检查C、⼄型肝炎表⾯抗原筛选D、预防性卫⽣监督E、经常性卫⽣监督2、根据1974年加拿⼤政府发表的《加拿⼤⼈民健康的新前景》⼀⽂,判断下列哪项不是影响⼈类健康的主要因素A、不健康的⾏为因素和⽣活⽅式B、环境因素C、⽣物因素D、民族的风俗习惯E、现有卫⽣保健系统缺陷3、下列论述那项是正确的A、疾病监测属于描述性研究,⽽不属于疾病的预防控制⼯作B、三级预防是针对疾病⾃然史的不同阶段⽽相应地采取不同的措施C、⼀级预防只能消除或减少机体对病因的暴露,⽽不具备对机体提供特异性保护的措施D、⼆级预防不包括临床诊断和临床治疗E、三级预防只能提供对症治疗,⽽不能提供康复治疗4、我国以实验室为基础的监测系统是A、法定传染病报告系统B、出⽣缺陷监测系统C、疾病监测点监测系统D、医院内感染监测系统E、流⾏性感冒监测系统5、初级卫⽣保健的具体任务不包括A、健康教育和健康促进B、疾病预防和保健服务C、基本治疗D、社区服务E、发展疾病监测⽹络6、有关混杂因素和混杂偏倚的说法正确的是A、有混杂因素存在⼀定会产⽣混杂偏倚B、混杂因素主要指年龄、性别、职业这些⼈⼝学特征因素C、混杂偏倚引起的继发关联是典型的混杂偏倚类型,⽽引起的间接关联则不是混杂偏倚D、在分析阶段控制混杂的⽅法多采⽤多元分析,不仅能分析暴露因素的效应,也能估计混杂因素的效应E、暴露因素和混杂因素的概念是绝对的,有些因素只能是暴露因素,⽽另⼀些因素⼀定是混杂因素7、个体⽔平的变异不可能来源于以下哪个⽅⾯A、个体真值随时间改变B、仪器标度或精密度差C、抽样⽅式误差D、环境因素改变E、测量者记录误差8、以下关于研究真实性的描述正确的是A、研究的真实性反映了结果随机误差的⼤⼩B、内部真实性⾼的研究结果结论外推具有普遍性C、外部真实性回答了⼀个研究本⾝是否真实或有效D、真实性的反⾯是研究误差,主要是系统误差E、真实性好的研究能反映研究对象及⽬标⼈群的真实变异9、暴露与疾病由于有共同的原因⽽产⽣的关联是A、偶然关联B、继发关联C、间接因果关联D、直接因果关联E、统计学关联10、某研究者对⼥性被动吸烟与乳腺癌的关系进⾏研究,随机选取现患乳腺癌患者300⼈(年龄40~65岁),同时在健康体检⼈群中选取同⼀年龄段并且职业相同的⼥性400名进⾏调查。

试题(完整版)python二级考试试题3

试题(完整版)python二级考试试题3

试题(完整版)python二级考试试题3一、选择题1.以下对 Python 程序缩进格式描述错误的选项是()A.不需要缩进的代码顶行写,前面不能留空白B.缩进可以用 tab 键实现,也可以用多个空格实现C.严格的缩进可以约束程序结构,可以多层缩进D.缩进是用来格式美化 Python 程序的2.关于下列Python程序段的说法正确的是()k=1while 1:k+=1A.存在语法错误,不能执行B.执行1次C.执行无限次D.执行k次3.运行下列Python程序,输出结果为True,则空白处应为()a=15b=46if__________:print(‘True’)else:print(‘Flase’)A.a=b B.a>b C.a<b D.a==b4.王明同学运用 Python语言编写程序,根据输入的体重和身高计算BM值并验算其体重指数是否超标,属于()A.数据B.信息C.知识D.智慧5.有python程序如下a=int(input())b=int(input())c=input()if c=='+':print(a+b)elif c=='-':print(a-b)elif c=='*':print(a*b)elif c=='/':print(a/b)else:print(“输入错误,请重试”)当程序运行后,小新依次输入 9 2 *程序输出结果应为()A.18 B.11 C.7 D.46.下面哪个不是Python合法的标识符()A.int_3 B.printC.count D.__name__7.以下Python程序运行后,变量x和st的值分别是()。

A.801 123678 B.801 “123678”C.801 801 D.123678 “123678”8.在python中运行print(“3+6”)的结果是()。

A.9B.“3+6”C.3+6D.“9”9.下面Python代码运行后,a、b的值为()a=23b=int(a/10)a= a-b * 10print(a,b)A.23 2 B.3 2 C.3 20 D.2 3 10.如下Python程序段for i in range(1,4):for j in range(0,3):print ("Python")语句print ("Python")的执行次数是()A.3 B.4 C.6 D.9 11.下列Python表达式的值不是2的是()。

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1. 闭环调速系统对于闭环系统前向通道中的扰动具有抑制作用,而对于反馈通道中的扰动则无能为力。

所以,在转速单闭环调速系统中,对于电动机励磁的波动,系统有抑制作用;对于测速发电机励磁的波动系统无抑制作用。

2. 在V-M 开环调速系统中,突加负载后又进入稳定运行时,转速n 减小,电压0d U 不变;在转速单闭环有静差调速系统中,突加负载又进入稳定运行时,转速n 减小,电压0d U 增加;在转速单闭环无静差调速系统中,突减负载又进入稳定运行时,转速n 不变,电压0d U 增加。

(可用增加、减小、不变表示)3. 转速、电流双闭环调速系统中,调节转速调节器的限幅值可以调节系统最大电流;调节电流调节器的限幅可以调节UPE 的最大输出电压。

4. 转速、电流双闭环调速系统中,转速调节器ASR 、电流调节器ACR 均为PI 调节器ASR的输入n U ∆=0,输出*i U =dN I β。

电流调节器ACR 的输入i U ∆=0,输出c U =*(/)/e ndN s C U I R K α+。

5. 数字测速方法有T 、M 及M/T 三种,其中T 适应于高速;M 适应于低速;M/T 具有M和T 的优点。

6. 在对系统静态性能要求不太高的场合,为节约成本,可采用电机电枢电压反馈代替转速反馈实现转速的控制,构成电压反馈调速系统,该系统对电机电枢电阻变化无调节作用;对电力电子装置内阻的变化有调节作用;对电压反馈系数的变化无调节作用。

二、系统的开环对数副频特性渐近线(伯德图)如下图所示,定性说明中频段、低频段、高频段和截止频率c ω(或称剪切频率)与闭环系统稳定性、稳态精度和动态响应的关系。

答:低频段的斜率陡、增益大,系统的稳态精度高;中频段以-20db/dec 的斜率穿越0db 线,而且这一斜率能够覆盖足够的频带宽度,则系统的稳定性好;高频段衰减越快,即高频特性负分贝值低,说明系统抗高频干扰的能力强;截止频率c ω越大,则系统的快速性越好。

三、转速、电流双闭环直流调速系统,突加给定的启动过程可分三个阶段,按时间顺序,论述在不同的阶段内,转速和电流的变化规律及两个调节器的作用,并在下图中画出转速、电流的过度过程曲线。

答:起动过程可分为三个阶段:1.电流上升阶段,此阶段电流很快上升到最大值,转速几乎没有变化,转速调节器由不饱和到饱和,电流调节器不饱和,电流调节器起跟随作用。

2.转速上升阶段:电流维持最大值不变,转速按线性规律上升,一直上升到给定值。

转速调节器一直处于饱和状态。

为了克服反电动势的扰动,电流略小于最大值。

电流调节器不饱和,起限制最大电流的作用。

3.转速调整阶段:转速超调,转速调节器退饱和,电流由最大值下降到负载值。

三个阶段电流调节器均不饱和。

转速调节器为主调节器,电流调节器起跟随作用。

四、在转速、电流双闭环调速系统中,两个调节器均采用PI 调节器。

当系统带额定负载运行时,转速反馈线突然断线,系统重新进入稳态后,两个调节器的输入偏差电压n U ∆及i U ∆分别为多少?电流调节器的输出电压c U 是否达到限幅值?为什么?答:转速反馈突然断线,系统重新进入稳态后,由于0n U =,*n n U U ∆=,所有转速调节器饱和,转速调节器输出达限幅值,**i im dm U U I β==,电流调节器的输入n n*tt 1t 2 t 3 t 4I d I I 00()0i dm dN U I I β∆=-≠,电流调节器饱和,其输出电压c U 达到限幅值cm U ,这是由于重新进入稳态运行后,d dN dM I I I =≠,有()0i dm dN U I I β∆=-≠,所有ACR 饱和。

五、写出数字PI 调节器的差分方程,讨论位置式和增量式两种算法,在限幅方式上有什么不同?为什么?答:数字PI 调节器的差分方程:1()()()()()()()(1)kP I sam P I i P I sam I u k K e k K T e i K e k u k K e k K T e k u k ==+=+=++-∑位置式算法:()()()P I u k u k u k =+增量式算法:[]111()()(1)()()(1)()()(1)()k k P I sam P I sam i i P I sam u k u k u k K e k K T e i K e k K T e i K e k e k K T e k -==∆=--=+--+=--+∑∑增量式算法仅对输出限幅就可以了,而位置式算法除对输出限幅外,还需要对积分部分限幅,否则会造成退饱和时间长、超调量过大。

六、转速单闭环控制系统如下图所示,已知数据如下:电动机:10N P kW =,220N U V =,55N I A =,1500/min N n r =,0.5a R =Ω。

整流装置内阻0.3rec R =Ω,触发整流环节的放大倍数35s K =。

最大给定电压*8nm U V =,当主电路电流达到最大值时,整定电流反馈电压8im U V =。

设计指标:要求系统满足调速范围D=25,静差率10%s ≤。

1.试画出系统的静态结构图;2.计算e C ,额定负载时,开环系统的稳态速降op n ∆,满足静差率要求时,闭环系统的稳态速降cl n ∆及闭环系统的开环放大系统K 。

3.转速反馈系统α,调节器放大系数p K 。

4.定性画出当d N I I ≤时,*n N U n α=和*12n N U n α=的闭环静特性。

5.系统是否有静差?若有静差,应采取何种实际可行的措施消除静差。

解:(1)静态结构图:(2)22055*0.50.128/1500N d a e NU IR C V rpm n --===55*0.8343.750.128dN op e I R n rpm C ∆=== 1500*10%6.67(1)25(110%)N cl n s n rpm D s ∆===--343.751150.546.67op cln K n ∆=-=-=∆ (3)*80.0053/1500nm N U V rpm n α===50.54*0.12834.8735*0.0053e p s KC K K α===(4)(5)由于ASR 采用P 调节器,系统有静差,将ASR 改为PI 调节器。

七、某晶闸管供电的双闭环直流调速系统,整流装置采用三相桥式电路,基本数据如下: 直流电动机:额定电压220N U V =,额定电流136dN I A =,额定转速1460/min N n r =,电动机电势系数0.132min/e C V r =⋅,允许过载倍数 1.5λ=;晶闸管装置放大系数:40s K =,0.0017s T s =;电枢回路总电阻:R =0.5Ω;时间常数:0.18m T s =,00.002i T s =00.01n T s =;电流反馈系数:β=0.05V/A ,0.007min/V r α=。

电流环已按典型I 型系统设计好,且选0.5I iK T=∑,请设计转速调节器,满足下述要求:静态指标:转速无静差;动态指标:空载起动到额定转速时的转速超调量%10%σ≤ 附:1.转速、电流双环系统动态结构图2.典型II 型系统指标与参数的关系典型Ⅱ型系统动态抗扰性能指标与参数的关系1)确定时间常数1/I K :已知0.5I iK T=∑,00.00170.0020.0037s i i T T T s =+=+=∑0.5/0.5/0.0037135.1I i K T ===∑2)转速环小时间常数,按小时间常数近似:01/1/135.10.010.0174I n nTK T s =+=+=∑3)选择转速调节器结构及参数:选择PI 调节器,取h=5,ASR 的超前时间常数为:50.01740.087n nhTs τ==⨯=∑转速环开环增益:2222216396.42250.0174N n h K s h T -+===⨯⨯∑ASR 的比例系数:(1)60.050.1320.1811.72250.0070.50.0174e m n n h C T K h RT βα+⨯⨯⨯===⨯⨯⨯⨯∑4)校核转速超调量理想空载起动时,z=0,由上表查得h=5时,max /81.2%b C C ∆=max max **%(%)2(%)()1360.50.01740.132281.2% 1.58.31%10%14600.18nb N b b m T C n C n z C n C n T σλ∆∆∆∆∑==-⋅⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯=<满足设计要求调节器实现:如图所示,取调节器输入电阻020R k =,则0*11.7*20234n n R K R K K ===, /0.08/2340.34n n n C R K F τμ===, 0004/4*0.01/202n n C T R K F μ===解:三相异步电动机定子每相电动势有效值为:14.44g s Ns mN E f N k =Φ 1分1. 基频以下调速原则:m Φ恒定,U 与1f 同时增大或同时减小,即:cm U14.44g s Ns mN E N k f =Φ=常值由于电机绕组中的电动势难以控制,当g E 较高时,忽略定子电阻和漏磁感抗压降,认为定子相电压g U E ≈,则有1g E f =常值,为恒转矩调速。

低频时适当调高定子电压,补偿定子阻抗压降。

3分2.基频以上调速原则:频率从1N f 向上升高,因为定子电压sN U U ≤,最多只能保持sN U U =,所以,当频率1f 升高,减少气隙磁通m Φ,是定子电压sN U U =保持不变,电机转速升高,为恒功率调速。

3分三、根据电压空间矢量合成的表达式,画出空间矢量图,在图中标出相应的参数,说明参数和矢量的意义,求出零矢量的作用时间。

10分121200cos sin s s s t tu u u u ju T T θθ=+=+1u u r ,2u u u r:基本电压空间矢量s u u u r:合成电压空间矢量θ:合成电压矢量与扇区起始边的夹角0T :一个开关周期1t :1u u r 作用时间 2t :2u u u r作用时间一般120t t T +<,其余时间由零矢量填补∴零矢量作用时间:0012t T t t =--四、试论述基于稳态模型的转速闭环转差频率控制系统的基本控制规律,画出电压频率特性。

10分1)在s sm ωω≤的范围内,转矩e T 基本上与s ω成正比,条件是气隙磁通不变2)在不同的定子电流值时,按下图1(,)s s U f I ω=的函数关系控制定子电压和频率,就能保持气隙磁通m Φ恒定。

五、经矢量变化和按转子磁场定向,异步电动机三相原始模型可等效为直流电动机模型,将定子电流分解为励磁分量和转矩分量,将下列表达式和结构图补充完整。

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