高三英语介词和介词短语
介词短语讲解
介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种：
（1）表地点（包括动向），如about，
above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without等。
［注］有不少表地点的介词可表动向，除很明显的across，around，over，towards，near 外，还有among，behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。
（2）表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，on，over，past，since，through，throughout，till（until），to，towards，within等。
（3）表除去，如besides，but，except等。
（4）表比较，如as，like，above，over等。
（5）表反对，如against，with等。
（6）表原因、目的，如for，with，from等。
（7）表结果，如to，with，without等。
（8）表手段、方式，如by，in，with等。
（9）表所属，如of，with等。
（10）表条件，如on，without，considering等。
（11）表让步，如despite，in spite of等。
（12）表关于，如about，concerning，regarding，with regard to，as for，as to等。
（13）表对于，如to，for，over，at，with等。
（14）表根据，如on，according to等。
（15）表其他，如for（赞成），without（没有）等。
（一）介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because
of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表语：My dictionary 中学is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
（二）主要介词区别
介词at, in, on的区别
1.表示时间，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用at。如：
I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。
He got married at the age of 25. 他25 岁结婚。
(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用in。如：
We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。
He went to Japan in 1946. 他于1946 去了日本。
(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用on。如：
He left here on the fifth of May. 他于5 月5 日离开这儿。
in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel
2.表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示某一点位置，用at。如：
We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路87 号。
The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。
与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用at。如：
at my sist er’s 在我姐姐家at the doctor’s 在医务室
(2) 表示空间或范围，用in。如：
What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?
He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。
但有时两者可换用。如：
The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。
(3) at 与in 的另一个区别是：at 用于指较小的地方，而in 用于指较大的地方。如：
in Shanghai 在上海at the station 在车站
但是，大与小是相对的，有时随着说话者的着眼点不同，大地方也可能用at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如：
Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。
We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。
附：表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
(4) 介词on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。如：
What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?
There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。
注：在少数搭配中，也用介词on。如：
He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
3.在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：
in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上
in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上
in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队
at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末
at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末
4.有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关：
in bed / on the bed 在床上(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/457006256.html,)
in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的in和after：1. 均可与一段时间连用，表示“在……之后”，但after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，即在（某一具体时间点之后），因此通常与过
去时连用；而in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，即在（某一具体时间点之后）因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如：
He came back after three days. 3 天后他回来了。
I’ll come back in three days. 我3 天后回来。
I think he can come back in three days. 我想他3 天后可以回来。
2. after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与一点时间连用)。如：
He will arrive after five o’clock. 他5 点钟以后到。
3. after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用，表示“在……之后”(注：in 不能这样用)。如：
after school 放学后after the meeting 散会后
after liberation 解放后after one’s graduation 毕业后
附：Behind与After的区别：
两者均可表示“在……之后”，其区别是：
1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：
He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。
注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点20 分钟。
2.两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等；而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。
5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿过……”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如：Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies （位于）between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：
1.三者都可表示“除外”，但besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”；而except 或but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如：
Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”，与but, except 同义。如：No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。
2.关于but 与except：
(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较：
All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后：
① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④all, none 等(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/457006256.html,)
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词but，否则可能造成错句。但是except 却没有以上限制。比较：
正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。
误：The window is never opened but in summer.
(3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：
除我之外每个人都累了。
正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.
正：Everyone but (except) me is tired.
误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
注：except for 可用于句首，表示except 的意思：
正：Except for me, everyone is tired.
3.关于except 与except for：
except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如：
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。
注：若用于句首，则except for 与except 同义(但except 通常不用于句首)。
4.关于except for 与but for：
except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如：Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。
But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。
But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气，植物就会死亡。
5. besides 除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如：
I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。
This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的，此外他还有两部。
but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for...如不是……
12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思（不在某物内）；in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in 通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
高考常考的复合介词
1. in advance of 在……前面。如：
He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。
I shall walk a few steps in advance of you. 我将走在你前面几步。
2. in case of 一旦，以防，如果。如：
In case of fire, call 119.倘若有火灾，就打119电话。
The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 为了防洪，沿河筑了堤。
3. in charge of担任，指挥，管理，负责照料。如：
He was placed in charge of the department. 他受命管理这个部门。
She is in charge of our class. 她担任我们的班主任。
4. in course of 在……过程中，在……时，在进行中。如：
The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。
The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
5. in danger of 有……的危险。如：
The patient is in danger of death. 病人有死亡的危险。
These goods are in danger of robbery. 这些货物有被盗的危险。
6. in defense of 保卫，保护，为……辩护。如：
Is there any man unwilling to fight in defense of his country? 难道有谁不愿为保卫祖国而战吗？
He wrote a book in defense of his doctrine. 他写了一本书为自己的学说辩护。
7. in favour of 赞成……，以……为受款人。如：
Was he in favour of the death penalty? 他赞成死刑吗？
Cheques should be written in favour of Mr Smith. 支票上请写明以史密斯先生为受款人。
8. in front of在……前面。如：
There is a pond in front of the house. 房屋前面有个池塘。
You shouldn’t discuss that in front of the children. 你不应该当着孩子的面谈论那类事。
9. in memory of 纪念……。如：
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
A service was held in memory of the dead. 为死者举行了悼念仪式。
10. in need of 需要……。如：
We are all in need of a rest. 我们全都需要休息。
Are you in need of help? 你需要帮助吗？
11. in place of 代替。如：
Won’t you go in place of me? 你能代替我去吗？
Who is here in place of the manager? 谁在这里代理经理？
12. in possession of 占有，持有，拥有。如：
The chief was in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 那个头目占有了大量偷盗来的财产。
Anyone found in possession of this poison will be punished. 凡是被发现拥有此种毒药者均将受到惩罚。
13. in search of 寻找，寻求。如：
He emigrated to Brazil in search of a better life. 他为寻求更好的生活，移民到巴西。
Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科学家想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。
14. in spite of尽管。如：
The match was played in spite of the awful weather. 尽管天气恶劣，比赛仍然进行。
In spite of all her hard work, she failed her exam. 她虽然很努力，可是考试不及格。
15. in terms of用……的字眼，从……的观点。如：
It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。
Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices. 让每个孩子阅读根据自己的兴趣爱好选择的书籍。
16. in addition to除……外。如：
She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English. 除英语外，她还会说五种外语。
In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 6 yuan per month. 除工资外，他每月还有6元钱奖金。
17. instead of 代替，而不是。如：
Use eggs instead of meat. 用鸡蛋代替肉。
Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. 咱们玩纸牌吧，别看电视了。
18. in exchange for用……作为交换。如：
I give his Chinese lessons in exchange for English lessons. 我用汉语课与他换英语课。
I’ll give you three sweets in exch ange for an apple. 我拿3块糖换你一个苹果。
19. by means of用，依靠。
He got into the house by means of an open window. 他从一扇开着的窗户爬进屋去。
They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他们能够用雷达测定快艇的方位。
20. with [in]regard to关于，就……而论。如：
What did he say with regard to my proposals? 关于我的建议他说了什么?
复习时需注意的要点
1、介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：
a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be proud of
c名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to
3、表示选择关系的连词，连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or, either...or, otherwise
例如：
a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.
b) You must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.
4、表示转折关系，连接的双方构成对比，意义上有转折。常用连词有but, however, while, only
例如：
a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.
b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.
5、表示联合关系，联合的双方是对等的，意义上趋向一致。常用连词有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as
To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.
That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.
6、表示因果关系，连接的双方，互为因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的连词有：for, so
例如：
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
【考点诠释】
考点1 常见介词的活用
by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1．over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：
①Yo u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2．by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by不久，迟早by and large大体上
by oneself单独by the way顺便说说
by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧
by accident偶然地by means of借助
by no means绝不，一点也不by mistake错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3．with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger．他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air．从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond 表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所
不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond ni ne o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
考点2 介词的固定搭配-
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from 由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：apart from远离，除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for 与……交换等
考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。
He w aited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)
但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：
from July to September, from six to (till) eight(从……到……为止)，但from morning till night(从早到晚)，不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词
(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post（通过邮件）, by telephone(radio),但on the phone(在打电话)/on the radio在广播中/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity通过电力，by hard work, learn sth. by heart熟记，背下, through practice, through his own efforts, through experience,
(3)交通工具类。另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……帮助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：
in high(good,low)spirits情绪高涨, in anger生气地，愤怒地, in joy，in comfort舒适地, in sorrow, in safety安全地, in danger, in need在危难中，在贫困中, in debt负债, in love, in fun开玩笑, in pain痛苦, in tears流着泪, in surpris, in good order很整齐，有条不紊, in flower 开着花, in a way某种程度上，有点儿，十分激动, in a low voice, in silence, in(with)satisfaction, in a hurry, in(with)words, live/feed on food, kneel on o ne’s knee, take(catch)sb. by surprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。
7.介词的省略：
介词for表示时间的省略要求。
1. of在与age, size, colour, height, shape, weight, use等名词构成介词短语时往往可以省
Mr. Smith has a son (of) my age.史密斯先生有个儿子和我同龄。
2. of +形容词+名词作表语，of可省略。
She is (of) the same weight as her mother.她和她的母亲一样重。
(Of) What shape is that?那个东西什么形状?
Tom is (of) the same height as me.汤姆和我一样高.
3. have no idea后接从句of可省。
You have no idea (of ) how anxious I have been.你不知道我一直是多么地着急。
(2)否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：
I haven’t seen you for thirty years.
(3)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：
For the whole morning, the old man kept reading.
8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名词有：key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in 的名词有：interest,satisfaction,expert等。
He is expert in teaching small children.
介词的用法很繁杂，要在平时注意积累。
英语介词用法大全
英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
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高中英语之介词和介词短语知识点
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2、常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别 3、容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
4、常用介词辨异 ①about,on,of 关于 （1）on 多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于”学术上”的”论文”或”演说”等题目，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读，有”论及”之意。 （2）about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式，有”述及”之意。 （3）of作”关于”讲，表示提及、涉及某人（事）时，只表示事情存在或发生，并不涉及详情；有时与about意义相
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英语介词的分类及用法精编版
介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃提高。 英语介词分类:按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2．分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judging，talking等。 3．成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from（除之外：别无、尚有），because of，by means of用、依靠等。 按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。 3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。 介词-- 从不独立行动的精灵 英语介词不可单独使用，只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。常用的五种介词短语 1.介词+名词：at the door, into the bag 2.介词+代词: for me, of others 3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that 4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do 5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式：on how to do this 其他类型的介词短语 6.介词+介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner 7.介词+副词：from below 8.介词+复合结构：with the light on 9.介词+不定式（but/except)：…did nothing but sleep介词-- 连接词与词纽带 英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系 1. 时间 1）at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock 2）in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点：in 2004 in表示在某段时间的结束点：I’ll see you again in a week. 3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period 4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning 5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now 2. 地点 1）at表示在某处（而非它处）：at school 2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office 3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table 4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world 5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair 6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window
介词和介词短语的概念
?介词和介词短语的概念： 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。 ?误用介词的三种情况： 1、多用介词： 多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错： 误：We discussed about the plan. 正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。 误：Did he mention about the accident? 正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗? 误：I saw her enter into the bank. 正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。 误：He married with[to] a nurse. 正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。 误：How can contact with you? 正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系? 误：We should serve for the people heart and soul. 正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。 误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over) 正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂? 误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of) 正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。 2、漏用介词： 漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等：误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理) 正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。 误：He is not a man to be depended. 正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。 误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story. 正：He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。 误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略) 正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。 误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us. 正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。 误：What he says is worth listening. 正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。 3、错用介词： 错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：
高考英语专题-介词和介词短语-巩固提升练习(含解析)
备战高考英语专题-介词和介词短语-巩固提升练习（含解析） 一、单选题 1.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______nature. A.in view of B.in need of C.in touch with D.in harmony with 2.On May 5, 2018, various memorial events were held nationwide ________ the 200th Anniversary of Karl Marx's birth. A.in charge of B.in place of C.in honor of D.in explanation of 3.You will be amazed to discover that what confused you at first makes sense _____further readings. A.to B.of C.upon D.before 4.Scientists are convinced _____ the positive effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health. A.of; at B.by; in C.of; on D.on; at 5.______Christmas coming near, they began to be busy shopping for the holiday. A.As B.Before C.Because of D.With 6.Doctors battled the night to save her life. A.within B.out of C.throughout D.inside 7.—How about this type of car，sir?—It's not economical，and what's more，it's________. A.out of shape B.free of charge C.out of order D.on the way out 8.After the dinner, I looked at the bill and found that it was 200 yuan , including the wine. A.after all B.in all C.at all D.above all 9.After a heated discussion at the meeting，a new plan came________being，which would have a great effect________the culture life of people. A.into；for B.to；to C.from；at D.into；on 10.the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people's life. A.As B.With C.When D.If 11.piracy,it is necessary that effective measures should be taken right away to stop it. A.Due to B.As to C.Thanks to D.Next to 12.Before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased ________ the rise in housing prices. A.in touch with B.in anticipation of C.in line with D.in combination of 13.Do you really want to rent such a flat which is empty ________ some old pieces of furniture? A.besides B.except for C.for D.except
中考语法专题复习介词及介词短语
中考语法复习——介词及介词短语 【考点直击】 1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法及意义 2.介词表示时间、方位、方式别的基本用法 3.一些易混介词的辨析 【语法讲解】 ◆介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) ◆介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 ◆不同介词的用法 （1）表时间的介词 1）at, in on 表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 2） since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如： I haven’t heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. 3） in, after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如： He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o’clock. He returned after a month. （2）表示地点的介词 1）at, in, on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
中考英语中常用的介词短语搭配大全
初中英语中常用的介词短语搭配 at 短语 be angry at sth.对某事生气arrive at到达……(小地方) knock at/on敲…… at last最后，终于 laugh at嘲笑 look at看，注视 at the moment现在，此时 point at/to指向 at times不时 on 短语 agree on(通过协商)达成共识call on拜访，看望 come on快点儿；加油 on display在展出 hang on稍等，别挂断 on holiday度假，休假 play a joke on和……开玩笑，戏弄…… keep on继续live on以……为食，靠……生活 put on穿上；戴上 turn on打开，旋开（收音机、电灯、煤气等） work on从事于，致力于 to 短语 agree to同意，答应，接受（计划、建议、条件、安排等） go to bed上床睡觉 compare...to...把……与……作比较from...to...从……到…… get to 到达 do harm to对……有害处 lead to通往；导致 pay attention to注意 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是take...to...把……带到/给…… write to...写信给…… in 短语 arrive in到达……（大地方）
in danger在危险中 drop in顺便拜访 hand in交上，上交 join in参加 in a moment马上，立即take part in参加 take pride in以……为荣 in surprise吃惊地，惊讶地 of 短语 be afraid of害怕 take care of照顾；处理make fun of嘲笑……instead of代替；而不是learn of听说…… speak of谈到，提起 think of考虑；想出；认为 about 短语 care about担心；关心think about考虑 for 短语call for需要，要求；提倡，号召care for关怀，照顾 except for除了……之外 fight for为……而战 leave for...前往……，去…… look for寻找 for a moment一会儿 pay for sth.为……付款 send for派人去请 away 短语 give away分发；赠送 put away收好，放好 take away拿走，带走 throw away扔掉 out 短语 break out（火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发 out of breath上气不接下气 find out发现 give out分发 go out出去
高考必备}高考英语介词短语大全
英语介词速记口诀 早、午、晚要用in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽in。 将来时态in ... 以后，小处at 大处in。 有形with 无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 ? ?2楼 介词at 和to 表方向，攻 击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星 期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关 于、基础、靠、著论。 ? ?3楼 特定时日和“一……就”，on 后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前on 代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage 则用in。 at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
? ?4楼 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。 beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。 besides，except 分内外，among 之内along 沿。 同类比较except，加for 异类记心间。 原状because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。 Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。 Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。 before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。 since 以来during 间，since 时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全。
高考英语 专题四 介词和介词短语(全国通用)
专题四介词和介词短语 A组三年模拟精选(2015～2013)(改编) 1.(2015·河南十所名校联考)Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes sale. 解析考查介词搭配。她发现一些优质的烟斗在出售中。固定短语on sale出售，廉价出 售。 答案on 2.(2015·安徽名校联考)But Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution these villages without a local shop. 解析考查介词搭配。福克斯先生希望这个新的发明能给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的 方法。固定表达offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物。 答案to 3.(2015·东营一月调研)When Jane got home，with her small but well－chosen present in her bag，her parents were already table having supper. 解析考查介词搭配。由having supper可知，此处表示“在进餐”，固定表达at table 表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”。 答案at 4.(2015·兰州一中一模)He was very tired doing this for a whole day. 解析考查介词。“他感到累”应是“在辛辛苦苦干了一整天之后”，表示“在……之 后”要用介词after。另外，表示“因做某事而累”也可用be tired from/with doing 来表示，故也可填from/with。 答案after/from/with 5.(2015·四川成都外国语学校月考)Going to college helps build a strong mind， which leads greater success in one's life. 解析考查介词搭配。这能够导致人生中更大的成功。固定短语lead to导致。 答案to 6.(2015·云南玉溪一中月考)Respect is very important home，at school， and everywhere you go.