英语诗歌简介English Poetry
English poetry英国诗歌简介
Major romantic poets
William Blake 1757-1827 Songs of Innocence
William Wordsworth 1770-1850 Lyrical Ballads, The Prelude, I wander Lonely as a Cloud
S.T. Coleridge 1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron 1788-1824 Don Juan, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Percy Bysshe Shelly 1792-1822 Queen Mab, Prometheus Unbound, Ode to the West Wind John Keats 1795 – 1821 Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Autumn
English Poetry
Shakespeare's Sonnets Romantic poetry William Wordsworth Percy Bysshe Shelley John Keats
Sonnet is a very important form of English metrical poetry. It has 14 lines written to a regular rhyme scheme. Sonnet was invented by the Italian poet, Francesco Petrarch in the early 14th century. Sonnet makes it easier to express deep thought and emotion. In English poetry, there are three types of sonnet: the Italian, the Shakespearean and the Spenserian. These three types of sonnet all consist of 14 lines, but the rhyme schemes are different.
英语诗歌介绍(Introudction-to-English-Poetry)
b
2) abab（交叉韵）:
How do you like to go up in a swing. a
Up in the air so blue?
b
Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing a
Ever a child can do!
b
3) abba（首尾韵）:
d) Monosyllabic Rhyme（单音节韵）:
I / fly ; fool / rule ; write / fight ; again / remain /sustain
e) Bi-syllabic Rhyme （双音节韵） :
borrow / sorrow ; daughter /water ; conversation /compensation Roman / no man ; know it / show it
11. Sonnet:
1) Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗） 2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗） 3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）
1) Italian Sonnet Francesco Petrach an octave + a sestet
c
And seems to one in drowsiness half lost,
d
The Grasshopper’s among some grassy hills. e
2) Spenserian Sonnet Edmund Spenser 3 quatrains + a couplet
Ye tradefull merchants, that with weary toyle
17poetry英国17世纪诗歌
when old
(2)
World view:
The world was sick; harmony was gone;
proportion was gone; beauty was gone; order was gone; there was little to do but wait for final dissolution.
Roughness of meter and irregular rhyme John Donne is generally regarded as the
leading figure of this school.
Other members include George Herbert,
Andrew Marvell and Abraham Cowley.
III. John Donne (1572-1631)
1.
Life and career
Born to wealthy Catholic parents In his youth, he struggled between Catholicism and Protestantism.
After converting to the Church of England, he became secretary to a wealthy man who planned to advance him.
(3)
View of love:
When young, love is an animal affair, a
matter of flesh and sensation; when old, the nature of love is a perfect union of body and mind.
英语诗歌鉴赏范文
英语诗歌鉴赏范文In the realm of English poetry, the beauty lies in the rhythm and rhyme that dance across the page, inviting readers to a world of emotion and imagination.A well-crafted sonnet, with its fourteen lines of iambic pentameter, can encapsulate the essence of love or the sorrow of loss, leaving an indelible mark on the reader's heart.The free verse, unbound by traditional structure, offers a raw and unfiltered expression of the poet's soul, where each line breathes with its own unique cadence.Haiku, with its three lines and seventeen syllables, captures the fleeting beauty of nature in a concise and poignant manner, a snapshot of a moment in time.The ballad, with its narrative form and simple language, tells stories of heroes and heroines, love and adventure, transporting the reader to distant lands and times.The limerick, with its playful rhyme and rhythm, often brings a smile to the face, weaving tales that are both humorous and sometimes cautionary.In the hands of a master poet, even the simplest words can be woven into a tapestry of meaning, where each stanza unfolds a new layer of the narrative.The power of poetry lies not only in the words themselves but in the silences between them, spaces where the reader's mind can fill in the gaps, creating a personal connection to the verse.In the end, the true appreciation of English poetry is a journey of the senses and the spirit, a journey that each reader undertakes, finding their own meaning and resonance within the lines.。
英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry1.What is poetry?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.”Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.“诗言志，歌咏言。
” ---《虞书》“诗言志之所以也。
在心为志，发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。
情发于声；声成文，谓之音。
”---《诗·大序》“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。
” ---艾青：《诗论》2.The Sound System of English Poetrya. The prosodic featuresProsody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /brightIn the /forest /of the/ night,What im/mortal /hand or /eyeCould frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. BlakeLength: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas GrayLong vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b. Meter or measure (格律)poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed andunstressed syllables.Four common meters:a) Iambus; the iambic foot (抑扬格)eg. She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the nightOf cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;And all/ that’s best /of dark/ and brightMeet in /her as /pect and /her eyes. ---Byronb) Trochee; the trochaic foot（扬抑格）eg. Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love,Love that/ never/ told can/ be. ---Blake c) Dactyl; the dactylic foot （扬抑抑格）eg. Cannon to/ right of them,Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them,V olley’d and/ thunder’d. ---Tennysond) Anapaest; the anapestic foot（抑抑扬格）eg. Break,/ break, /break,On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!And I would /that my tongue/ could utterThe thought/ that arise /in me. ---Tennysonc) Other metersAmphibrach, the amphibrachic foot (抑扬抑格)；Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格)；Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot (抑抑格)；d) Actalectic foot (完整音步) and Cactalectic foot（不完整音步）eg. Rich the / treasure,Sweet the / pleasure. (actalectic foot)Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright,In the/ forest/ of the/ night. (cactalectic foot )e) Types of footmonometer(一音步)dimeter（二音步）trimeter（三音步）tetrameter（四音步）pentameter（五音步）hexameter（六音步）heptameter（七音步）octameter（八音步）We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambicpentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number offoot and meter are taken together in a poem.C. RhymeWhen two or more words or phrases contain an identicalor similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and theconsonant sounds that follow the vowel sound areidentical and preceded by different consonants, a rhymeoccurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:internal rhyme and end rhymeInternal rhymea) alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.eg. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free.---ColeridgeI slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare “Consonant cluster” (辅音连缀)“internal or hidden alliteration” (暗头韵) as in“Here in the long unlovely street” (Tennyson)The Scian & the Teian muse,The hero’s harp, the love’s lute,Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b) Assonance (腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音)：the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg. Do not go gentle into that nightOld age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words have forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that night.c) Consonance (假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg. At once a voice arose amongThe bleak twigs overheadIn a full-hearted evensongOf joy illimited.---HardyEnd rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identicalstressed syllables.a) Perfect rhymePerfect rhyme (in two or more words) occurs in the following three conditions:identical stressed vowel sounds (lie--high, stay--play);the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels (park--lark, fate-- late);different consonants preceding the stressed vowels (first– burst);follow—swallow (perfect rhyme)b) imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg. fern—bird, faze—late, like—rightc) Masculine and feminine rhymeeg. Sometimes when I’m lonely,Don’t know why,Keep thinking I w on’t be lonelyBy and by.---Hughes The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speedScarce seem’d a vision; I would ne’er have striven…---Shelley Rhyme scheme (韵式)a) Running rhyme scheme (连续韵)two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:eg. Tiger, tiger, burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?b) Alternating rhyme scheme (交叉韵)rhymed every other line in a b a b c d c d:eg. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:---Shakespearec) enclosing rhyme scheme (首尾韵)In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:eg. When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;---W. B. YeatsD. Form of poetry ( stanzaic form)a) couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:eg. A little learning is a dangerous thing;Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b) heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:eg. O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme:---DenhamThen share thy pain, allow that sad relief;Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Popec) Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu. rhymedeg. He clasps the crags with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountains walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson d) quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg. O my luve is like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in Jun e;O my luve is like the melodieThat’s sweetly play’d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.---Burnse) Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of14 lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet (Francesco Petrarch):two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem,or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde,cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet,rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The first quatrain introducesa subject, the second expands, and once more in the third,and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhymingabab bcbc cdcd ee;Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates thepause between the octave and sestet.f) Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentametereg. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whe ther ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;---Shakespeareg) Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmiccadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases,images and syntactical patterns rather than theconventional use of meter.eg. DaysWhat are days for?Days are where we live.They come, they wake usTime and time over.They are to be happy inWhere can we live but days?Ah, solving that questionBring the priest and doctorIn their long coatsRunning over the fields.---Philip Larkin3.The semantic system of English poetrya. The meaning of poetryPoetry is “the one permissible way of saying one t hingand meaning another”. (Frost)The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels,that is, the literal (the lowest), the sensory (the medium)and the emotional (the highest).b. Image---the soul of the meaning in poetrya) Definition: “language that evokes a physical sensationproduced by one or more of the five senses--- sight,hearing, taste, touch and smell.” (Kirszner and Mandell)A literal and concrete representation of a sensoryexperience or of an object that can be known by one ormore of the senses.b) Types of imagesIn terms of senses：visual image (视觉意象)auditory image（听觉意象）olfactory image（嗅觉意象）tactile image （触觉意象）gustatory image （味觉意象）kinaesthetic image （动觉意象）eg. Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!---Thomas Nashe In terms of the relation between the image and the object:Literal (字面意象) and figurative image （修辞意象）The former refers to the one that involves no necessarychange or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensoryrepresentation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literalmeaning of the words.eg. Let us walk in the white snowIn a soundless space;With footsteps quiet and slow,At a tranquil pace,Under veils of white lace.---Elinor WylieIn terms of the readers: fixed and free image（稳定意象和自由意象）By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that itsmeaning and associational value is the same ornearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context thatits possible meanings or associational values are limited, itis therefore, capable of having various meanings or valuesfor various people.eg. SnakeI saw a young snake glideOut of the mottled shadeAnd hang limp on a stone:A thin mouth, and a tongueStayed, in the still air.It turned; it drew away;Its shadow bent in half;It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing,The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time. ---Theodore Roethkec) The function of image:to stimulate readers’ senses;to activate readers’ sensory and emotional experience;to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience; to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;eg. FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.---Carl Sandbergeg. Fire and iceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice. ---R. FrostC. The means of expressing meaninga) Phonetic devicesonomatopoeiaA widow birdeg. A widow bird was mourning for her loveUpon a wintry bough;The frozen wind crept on above,The freezing stream belowThere was no leaf upon the forest bare,No flower upon the ground,And little motion in the airExcept the mill-wheel’s sound. P. B. Shelley Puneg.The little black thing among the snowCrying “’weep, ’weep” in notes of woe!b) figures of speechA. comparison: metaphor; simile (tenor 本体, vehicle 喻体)B. conceitC. personificationD. metonymy (换喻)E. apostropheF. synaesthesia （“通感”或“联觉”）G. symbolismH. hyperboleI. Allusion （典故）c) Deviation (变异)：the digression from the normal way ofexpressionsLexical deviation (self-made words)Grammatical deviation (slang, vernacular)Deviation of registersDeviation of cultural subjects。
英语诗歌带翻译简单
英语诗歌带翻译简单Poetry is a form of art that uses language to convey emotions, thoughts, and ideas. It has been an integral part of human culture for centuries, with poets from all over the world using it to express their deepest feelings and experiences. In this article, we will explore the beauty of English poetry and provide translations for some of the most famous pieces.One of the most well-known English poets is William Shakespeare. His sonnets are some of the most beloved works of poetry in the English language. Here is one of his most famous sonnets, along with a translation:Sonnet 18:Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,。
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,。
英文诗歌 著名
英文诗歌著名Poetry has long been considered one of the highest and most profound forms of artistic expression. Through the skillful use of language, rhythm, and imagery, poets are able to convey deep emotional truths, explore the mysteries of the human experience, and capture the beauty and wonder of the world around us. Among the many celebrated poetic traditions, English-language poetry stands out as particularly rich and influential, with a canon of works that have left an indeluring mark on world literature.At the heart of this tradition are the poems of William Shakespeare, arguably the most famous and revered writer in the English language. Though best known for his masterful plays, Shakespeare was also a prolific and acclaimed poet, penning a series of 154 sonnets that rank among the most influential and frequently studied works in all of poetry. These compact 14-line poems are marvels of technical virtuosity, adhering to a strict rhyme scheme and metrical structure while exploring a wide range of themes - from the nature of love and desire, to the ravages of time, to the fleeting nature of human existence. In works like "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"and "Let me not to the marriage of true minds," Shakespeare combines crystalline imagery, profound philosophical inquiry, and a gift for lyrical expression that has captivated readers for centuries.Another towering figure in the English poetic canon is John Milton, whose epic poem Paradise Lost is considered one of the greatest achievements in the history of literature. Published in 1667, this monumental work retells the Biblical story of the fall of man, chronicling Satan's rebellion against God, the temptation of Adam and Eve, and their subsequent expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Composed in majestic blank verse, Paradise Lost is a work of breathtaking ambition and imagination, blending classical and Christian influences to create a sweeping narrative that grapples with the most fundamental questions of human existence. In Satan, Milton created one of literature's most complex and fascinating anti-heroes, a figure of immense pride and ambition who serves as a tragic embodiment of the human capacity for both good and evil.Also deserving of mention is the Romantic poet William Wordsworth, whose lyrical, nature-inspired verses helped to define a new era in English poetry. Wordsworth's most famous work, the autobiographical poem The Prelude, is a sprawling, introspective exploration of the poet's own spiritual and intellectual development, tracing the formative experiences of his childhood and youth that shaped his unique poetic sensibility. In poems like "I WanderedLonely as a Cloud" and "Tintern Abbey," Wordsworth celebrates the restorative power of the natural world, evoking the sublime beauty of the countryside with a keen eye for detail and a profound sense of wonder. By infusing his poetry with a deeply personal, emotive quality, Wordsworth helped to usher in a new Romantic emphasis on the individual experience and the role of the imagination in perceiving and understanding the world.No discussion of renowned English-language poets would be complete without acknowledging the contributions of T.S. Eliot, whose modernist masterpieces transformed the very nature of poetic expression in the 20th century. Eliot's best-known work, the long-form poem The Waste Land, is a fragmented, elliptical meditation on the spiritual and cultural malaise of the post-World War I era, blending high and low cultural references, diverse literary allusions, and a kaleidoscopic array of voices and perspectives. In poems like "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and "The Hollow Men," Eliot pioneered a radically innovative poetic style marked by fragmentation, irony, and a profound sense of alienation, reflecting the disillusionment and anxieties of the modern age. Through his penetrating insights into the human condition and his mastery of technical craft, Eliot emerged as one of the most influential and iconic poets of the 20th century.Of course, the roster of celebrated English-language poets extendsfar beyond the few giants mentioned above. The Romanticism of William Blake, the melancholic introspection of Emily Dickinson, the modernist experimentation of Ezra Pound, the confessional candor of Sylvia Plath - each of these poets, and countless others, have made indelible contributions to the rich tapestry of English-language verse. Whether grappling with the timeless themes of love, death, and the human spirit, or pushing the boundaries of language and form, these poets have left an enduring legacy that continues to resonate with readers across the globe.What accounts for the enduring appeal and influence of these great English-language poets? In part, it is a testament to the power and versatility of the English language itself, with its vast vocabulary, flexible syntax, and rich tradition of poetic craft. But it is also a reflection of the universal human truths that these poets have so eloquently and memorably expressed. By giving voice to our deepest hopes, fears, and experiences, they have tapped into something essential about the human condition, creating works of art that continue to captivate, challenge, and inspire us. In an age of rapid technological and cultural change, the timeless wisdom and artistry of these poetic giants serve as a reminder of the abiding value of the literary imagination and the profound insights it can offer into the mysteries of our shared existence.。
弗罗斯特诗歌英文版
弗罗斯特诗歌英文版1. Oh, Frost's English poems are like hidden gems! You know, when I first read "The Road Not Taken", it was like I was right there with the speaker, standing at that fork in the road. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood", and I could almost feel the indecision, the weight of choosing one path over the other. It's not just abouta walk in the woods, it's about life choices, man.2. Frost's English poetry? It's a whole world of its own. Take "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening". I felt like I was the traveler, just for a moment. "Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though." It's so serene, like a beautiful, quiet painting that you can step into. And you can't help but wonder, have you ever been in such a peaceful yet slightly eerie place?3. Man, Frost's English poems are amazing! "Mending Wall" is a classic. It's like watching two neighbors having a conversation right in front of you. "Good fences make good neighbors." But is it really about the fence? It's more about human relationships, about how we interact with each other. I can almost hear the two charactersarguing and then agreeing, all through those simple yet profound lines.4. You gotta read Frost's English poetry. "Birches" is like a trip down memory lane. "When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them." It makes me think of my own childhood, of the simple joys we used to have. It's not just words on a page, it's a doorway to our own past.5. Frost's English poems are pure magic. In "After Apple - Picking", I was right there with the apple - picker. "My long two - pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Toward heaven still." It's so vivid, like I could feel the tiredness in the picker's arms, the satisfaction of a job well done. And you think, have you ever felt that kind of physical and mental exhaustion after a long day's work?6. Oh my, Frost's English poetry is a treasure chest. "The Death of the Hired Man" is like a family drama playing out. "Mary sat musing on the lamp - flame at the table Waiting for Warren." You can sense the tension, the waiting, the different emotions of the characters. It's like you're eavesdropping on a family's conversationduring a difficult time.7. Frost's English poems are so relatable. "Fire and Ice" is short but powerful. "Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice." It's like he's posing a question to all of us. Are we the ones with the fiery passion that could destroy, or the cold indifference? It makes you stop and think about human nature.8. Man, if you haven't delved into Frost's English poetry, you're missing out. "Home Burial" is a heart - wrenching piece. It's like being in the middle of a couple's argument that's gone too far. "He saw her from the bottom of the stairs Before she saw him." You can feel the pain, the misunderstanding between them. It's like a storm that's tearing a relationship apart.9. Frost's English poetry is a journey. "A Servant to Servants" is like listening to someone pour out their heart. "I didn't make the world; - no, not much. I could have died back there in the dark." It's so raw, so real. You can almost touch the desperation in the speaker's voice. And you wonder, have you ever felt that kind of helplessness?10. Well, Frost's English poems are something special."Directive" is like a guide through a lost land. "Back out of all this now too much for us, Back in a time made simple by the loss Of detail, burned, dissolved, and broken off." It's like he's leading you through memories and forgotten places. In my opinion, Frost's English poetry is not just literature, it's a mirror to our lives, our emotions, and our experiences.。
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b. To induce the reader a kind of attitude to something or coalition with something else. Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourselves— And Immortality.
2
1. The genealogical level
2. The typographical level
3
《亲爱的傻瓜》
天下武功第一的欧阳锋
竟然被郭靖用计活捉
他百思不得其解 对郭靖说了这样两句话： “你知道我平生最恨什么吗？ 我最恨落在傻瓜手里”
4
《一个人来到田纳西》
毫无疑问
“是一种用美的文字……音律的绘画的文字…… 表 写人的情绪中的意境。” －宗白华，《美学散步》 “画者，天地无声之诗；诗者，天地无色之画。” －叶燮 “Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is a speaking picture.”----Simonides (556 BC - 468 BC) （画是无声的诗，诗是有声的画。） Painting (spatial art) presents points in space while poetry, as temporal art ,presents points in succession. 黑格尔认为，作为语言艺术的诗歌是第三种艺术。 绘画提供明确的外在形象（form)，但在表现内心生 活方面还有欠缺，于是才有了音乐(melody)；音乐在 表现内心生活的特殊具体方面欠明确，于是才有了 诗歌(language)。 8
We slowly drove—He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility— We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess—in the Ring We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain— We passed the Setting Sun— … (Emily Dickinson)
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The Externals of Poetry ---Rhythm of English Verse: Accentual Syllable Verse ---Rhythm of English Verse: Free Verse ---Patterns of Sounds: Alliteration ---Patterns of Sounds: Rhyme ---Patterns of Sounds: Onomatopoeia ---Poetic License ---Creative Licenses
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意象有两种，它可以产生于人的头脑中， 这时它是“主观的” 。也许是外因作用于 大脑，如果是这样，外因便是如此被摄入 头脑的，它们被融合，被传导，并且以一 个不同于它们自身的意象出现。其次，意 象可以是“客观的”，攫住某些外部场景 或行为的情感，将这些东西原封不动地带 给大脑，那种漩涡冲洗掉它们的一切，仅 剩下本质的、最主要的、戏剧性的特质， 于是它们就以外部事物的本来面目出现。
Classification: visual imagery (occurring most frequently in poetry), auditory imagery, olfactory imagery (a smell), gustatory imagery (a taste), tactile imagery (touch, such as hardness, softness, wetness, heat, cold, etc.), organic imagery (an internal sensation: hunger, thirst, fatigue, nausea, etc.), kinesthetic imagery (movement or tension in the muscles or joints)
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Function: a. To explain or clarify or make vivid what one tries to say, usually in figurative language, e.g. Simile, metaphor, onomatopoeia, synaesthesia, etc.
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Poetry: a writing that formulates a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience in language chosen and arranged to create a specific emotional response through its meaning, sound, and rhythm;… a quality that stirs the imagination (the wings of poetry) or gives a sense of heightened and more meaningful existence The Nature of Poetry: imaginative awareness of thought, feeling or view of the experience and of the world
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c. Symbolic meanings suggest something more. ---“锦瑟无端五十弦，一弦一柱思华年。”（李商 隐） ） ---“黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛 我却用它寻找光明”（顾城，“一代人”）
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猛力一推 双手如流 总是千山万水 总是回不来的眼睛 遥望里 你被望成千翼之鸟 弃天空而去 你已不在翅膀上 聆听里 你被听成千孔之笛 音道深如望向往昔的凝目 猛力一推 竟被反锁在走不出去 的透明里 （罗门， “窗”）
我做的馅饼 是全天下
最好吃的
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How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being and ideal Grace. I love thee to the level of everyday's most quiet need, by sun and candlelight. I love thee freely, as men might strive for Right; I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise. I love thee with the passion put to use in my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith. I love thee with a love I seemed to lose with my lost saints,––I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!–and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.
What is poetry? The Internals of Poetry ---Imagery ---Metaphor ---Ambiguous Images and poems without Images The Subject Matters of English Poetry ---Philosophical Poems ---Poems of Death ---Poems of Nature ---Poems of Love
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3. The technical level: the foot formation, the line structure, the stanza form, the rhyme type, the rhyme scheme (韵律）and the syntactical form. 4. The intellectual level: the internal qualities, features and functions. The highest text form of literary expression A fresh and surprising way that is applied in literature to guide people to realize and understand the world ( 文学以一种令人感到新奇、惊异的手法引导人们 去了解和认识世界。) “Poetry is the image of man and nature.” － Wordsworth (catharsis) …poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”-- Wordsworth 7