meta分析的SCI写作模板—discussion

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SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结

SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结

SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结讨论部分是SCI论文写作难度最大,也是最能体现文章深度和创新性的部分。

一般分四大部分进行描述:第一部分,精要概括文章的研究背景以及本课题的主要研究目的、实验手段以及发现的结果。

第二部分,深入讨论结果部分中的重要研究发现。

通过比对引用前人的研究结果,讨论自己的研究结果。

讨论的角度可以从课题设计、分析方法、实验技术改进等方面进行切入。

如果课题中的研究结果是验证前人的研究发现,就不需要深入讨论, 要把讨论重点放在和前人研究结果不一样,或者前人没有发现过的独特的有创新性的结果。

第三部分,指明自己研究的不足之处。

可以从课题设计、实验手段、分析方法、是否需要进一步实验验证入手。

因为任何课题都不会是完美的,能把自己的不足主动列出来并说明对本课题“有限”的影响,会让审稿人觉得作者对自己课题是很了解的,有的时候也就不会让作者再补充相关实验。

第四部分,再次总结文章的实验发现和研究意义、贡献以及下一步的研究方向。

有的期刊要求把这部分独立出来称为“Conclusion”。

讨论部分的时态一般为过去时,在介绍前人研究时,则一般采用过去时或现在完成时。

第一部分总结概括研究背景和实验结果1. “本研究”的多样化表达:in this study, these data, these observations, our work, these results2. “目前研究的不足”如何阐述:bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remainsa significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by,3. “之前的研究”表述方法:previous results have shown that, it was previously found that,4. 时间的描述方法,“最近”怎么表达:until recently, to date, more recently, recently,5. “次序”的表达方法:followed by, then, lastly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, additionally,6. “因此”的表达方法:therefore, thus, hence, it is therefore important to,7. “转折”的描述方法:however, whereby, whereas, while, nevertheless, regardless of, in contrast, even if, conversely,8. “执行”的描述动词:analyze, screen, measure, govern, design, present a strategy, generated,9. 研究的“改善”的表达方法:has greatly improved the ability to10. 研究进展的表述方法:the advent of, recent advances,11. 结果表明的论述方法:show, suggest, demonstrate, imply, illustrate,第二部分深入讨论结果部分的重要发现1. 数量的表述方法:a diverse set of, a larger diversity of, large-scale, a large number of, a series of,2. 用于比较的描述方法:compared to prior methods, likewise, are similar to, Compared with,3. “合适”的合适表达:be well-suited for, match, adaptable for,4. “模拟”的表述方法:closely mirrored,5. “使得”我们做什么实验,“使得”的描述:allow us to, enable us to,6. “相互作用”的花样表达:interplay, map interaction, interact with,7. “关系”的描述词:relationship, association, link,8. “进一步”解释的暗示词:indeed, importantly, further, more generally,9. “来源”的描述方法:obtained from, result from,10. “借助”的用词方式:by, applied, used this method, via,11. “鉴于”的表达方式:supporting this notion, given that, considering that,12. “与......一致”的表述方法:in line with this, consistent with,第三部分指明本课题研究过程中的不足1. 结果“引发”的描述方法:lead to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,2. 如何“引起读者注意”的词:remarkably, accordingly, notably, it is important to note that, interestingly,3. “自我反省”时的悔过方面:data quality, cost, scale, data-driven approach,4. “优点”的描述方法:offers unique advantages and disadvantages, the major advantage of,5. “缺点”的描述方法:a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations, another limitation is that ,6. 用于推断的情态动词:may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to,7. 发挥作用的表述方式:serve this function, play an important/a crucial role in,第四部分再次回顾总结展望未来的研究1. 研究很“重要”,“重要”如何凸显:be crucial to, importantly, specifically,2. “揭示、表明”的论述方法:uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate,3. 研究展望的描述方法:provide new insights into, ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported XXX will likely illuminate novel function of, the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, XXX will be an important question for future investigation, our next challenge is to, can be another strategy for XXX, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies4. “整合”的描述方法:integrated into, integration of,5. “预见/认为”的下结论方法:foresee, speculate, these predictions are supported by6. 总结概括的描述方法:ultimately, altogether, taken together, in summary, together, in conclusion7. “侧重于, 强调”的表述方法:focus on, concentrate on, highlight,8. 研究价值的表述方法:particularly useful,。

英语discussion结尾

英语discussion结尾

英语discussion结尾想要发表高水平的 SCI 论文,除去要有创新的 idea、完备的实验、缜密的逻辑等,文末的 Discussion 可谓举足轻重!那么好的Discussion到底要怎样写?一、Discussion 五步结构法首先,我们来看看大牛如何总结的。

英国著名的 James Hartley 教授曾提出所谓的 Discussion 写作五步法:第一步,要重述全文的结论和成果;第二步,对比本文结果与前人文献中的结果,求同存异,并结合文献阐明相比前人研究,结果是否有所进步;第三步,表明本论文研究可能存在的局限性;第四步,针对局限和困境,提出可能的解决方案;第五步,展望未来,如果对于本试验的条件进行变更,提出一些新的问题和下一步研究建议。

01、Discussion如何写出深度和广度首先,选择要深入讨论的问题。

Discussion一开始要重新说明主要发现,用一个句子表示较为理想,太长就有重复Result内容的嫌疑,也显得累赘。

选择合适的结果在Discussion部分进行深入讨论,是写好该部分最重要的问题。

一般来说,可根据如下原则来判断:如果你的结果体现了实验的独特性,是其他研究中没有得到的,那这个结果就是要重点讨论的问题;有些结果和前人的研究一致,并没有显著性差异,就应该一笔带过而无需深入讨论。

Discussion的一个重要作用就是要突出自己研究的创新性,并体现出显著区别于他人的特点,区别大和小是另外一个问题,重要的是要有区别,区别就是创新。

对选中的问题按一定层次从多个角度进行讨论,说理要有根据、问题要讲清楚、讲透彻。

选择的问题有时不只一个(多数情况是2个以上),因此要按一定层次描述清楚。

一般来说,把最重要的放在中间,次之的放开头和末尾。

放在中间能将评审人的情绪带至,前面是铺垫,后面是总结。

这样的顺序似乎更合适。

问题无论大小,是否重要,都要从多个角度展开深入讨论:(1)首先要有类似结果的对比,说明自己结论的独特性;(2)其次要系统阐述为什么会有这样的结果,方法有多种(从实验设计角度,从理论原理角度,从分析方法角度,或借鉴别人分析方法等等)。

Meta分析SCI写作指南——Discussion

Meta分析SCI写作指南——Discussion

Meta分析SCI写作指南——Discussion讨论几乎是所有SCI写作初学者最头疼的一部分了,不是不知从哪里下手就是写的没有深度。

其实讨论没有固定的模式,看看大牛们写的文章讨论也是五花八门,但是如果你不能像大牛们一样讨论起来得心应手的话,还是乖乖按部就班来写吧,今天我们给大家介绍几个meta分析讨论写作的几个小技巧,看看能不能对您有所帮助呢?第一,第一段不要再大段介绍背景了,可以总结本文的主要研究结果。

注意区分Discussion与Introduction的区别,关于背景的描述放在Introduction里就好了。

第二,总结完本文的主要结果后可以紧跟产生这个结果的原因。

这个原因可以通过阅读纳入文献来分析,比较纳入文献之间方法、研究人群等因素有何差异。

很多时候在纳入文献的讨论部分已经体现出来了,不需要我们再仔细一点一点去挖掘。

第三,可以与已经发表的meta分析比较,但是不能与纳入文献的结果作对比。

这一点是很多初学者都会碰到的误区,但想想其实并不难理解。

一个课题之所以能做meta分析,那说明这个问题还存在争议性,那么我们的纳入文献必定都有正反两方面的结果,而且我们的目的就是合并这些结果,meta分析的结果已经包含了纳入文献的结果,所以再与纳入文献比较是没有任何意义的。

第四,可以从机制入手讨论。

这是大部分文章讨论为了增加研究深度一贯采用的办法,例如,吸烟导致肺癌,可能的机制是吸烟使得人体内一种被称为DNA修复酶(OGG1)的化合物活动能力下降,而OGG1活性降低导致DNA受损加快,修复变慢...。

但是并不是所有的meta分析都适合讨论机制,这一条还要视情况而定,不可盲从。

第五,不要忽略亚组分析及敏感性分析等的结果。

初写meta,我们往往只讨论到了总的结果,却忽略了亚组分析等结果。

这些内容也是很值得讨论的,例如亚组分析及敏感性分析后结果发生了逆转,我们可以讨论下逆转的原因。

第六,局限性的讨论要委婉。

呕血整理-Meta分析的SCI写作模板—Conclusions

呕血整理-Meta分析的SCI写作模板—Conclusions

呕血整理-Meta分析的SCI写作模板—Conclusions《Meta分析的SCI写作模板》整个系列今天就全部结束了。

其实上期我们介绍完文章中的讨论部分,Meta分析的主体部分就已经介绍完了。

今天再给大家补上Conclusions部分。

另外,我们实用Meta分析近期推出Meta分析在线公开课(腾讯课堂),内容见下面的“公告通知”,具体的报名流程和内容会在我们下周的公共账号中介绍。

①In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that ××× are associated with ××× in the ×××population. Larger sample sizes of different ethnic populations are required to confirm our findings.②This meta-analysis indic ates that ×××. Nevertheless, despite our rigorous methodology, the inherent limitations of included studies prevent us from reaching definitive conclusions. Future large-volume, well-designed RCTs with extensive follow-up are awaited to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.③While the evidence that ××× may be an effective treatment for ××× is encouraging, it is not conclusive due to the low methodological quality of the RCTs. Therefore, more high-quality RCTs, with low risk of bias and adequate sample sizes, are required to demonstrate its true effects.公告通知各位小伙伴们,您是否还为Meta分析无从下手而发愁?您是否在Meta分析过程中由于软件操作问题而停滞不前?您是否还在烦恼进行Meta分析时遇见问题但无人交流?实用Meta分析近期推出Meta分析在线公开课为您解决所有的问题。

科技论文写作整理系列(7)——Discussion

科技论文写作整理系列(7)——Discussion

科技论文写作整理系列(7)——DiscussionAbuck此部分分为―内容-要点-写法-举例‖四部分。

1.内容1-11,对所做的研究工作给予恰当的评价,包括与前人工作的比较。

本工作和前人的工作的关系。

是不是有所创新?在哪一个方面有创意?否则说明作者对该领域的认识程度有限。

2,对于所收集的数据给予充分的分析。

一个好的论文不仅仅是实验数据的罗列,而是在实验的基础上对数据有深刻的分析。

也就是说这些实验说明什么问题,是如何支持作者期望获得的科学结论的。

没有分析的数据就象没有血肉的骨架。

3,指出本工作,或者某种实验手段的局限性。

实事求是的分析本工作的局限性,表明作者对自己工作的自信。

同时也表明作者严谨的科学态度。

由于局限性是客观存在的,讨论局限性不会引起负面影响1-2Evaluation/Assessment: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your solution.Provide all the measures or evaluation you came up with. Provide all the results of simulations, tests, and any other scheme of assessment. Discuss the limitations.Discussion: Provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison to the other approaches. Take a good look at it as a whole. Relative advantages/disadvantages and limitations (as compared to other works) should be discussed here.Further open problems: Where does this subject go from here? What new grounds and questions are opened? What new ideas are created that could be the subject of further research? If anyone wanted to pursue further the approach that you took, then what kind of things would he consider further?1-3•根据研究结果,•结合基础理论和前人成果,•应用国际国内最新的学说、理论、见解对该课题进行分析、作出解释,•对将来研究有启示•对实验结果受影响的因素进行分析,•对意外发现作出解释、建议和设想1-4⑴背景材料:展开问题的提出;有关本研究的一些基本知识内容(不要离题太远)⑵本实验结果分析:各指标的意义(与文献值比较),结果说明什么问题⑶进一步对结果机理分析:结合文献⑷本工作的意义、结语或小结,进一步提出的新问题1-5I. Discussion (Comment)1. Purpose: to explain the nature and importance of the findings (Answers the questions: "So what?" and "Who cares?")2. Should be the most useful section but is often the weakest3. Begins by summarizing the study and the main results.4. Discusses the implication of the results and what else is known about the problem and its proposed solutions5. Generally includes the literature review6. State the limitations of the study7. List the conclusionsa. Distinguish between clinical and statistical significanceb. In studies with low statistical power, do not mistake inconclusive results for negative results ("absence of proof is not proof of absence")c. Distinguish between supported conclusions and speculation1-6结果和结论部分代表着文章的主要成就和贡献,论文有没有价值,值不值得读者阅读,主要取决于你所获得的结果和所得出的结论。

SCI文章discussion部分写作技巧

SCI文章discussion部分写作技巧

SCI⽂章discussion部分写作技巧Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion SectionSan Francisco Edit/doc/1287658b6c85ec3a86c2c538.htmlimplications of your findings, and make suggestions for future research. Its main function is to answer the questions posed in the Introduction, explain how the results support the answers and, how the answers fit in with existing knowledge on the topic. The Discussion is considered the heart of the paper and usually requires several writing attempts.The organization of the Discussion is important. Before beginning you should try to develop an outline to organize your thoughts in a logical form. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other organizational structure. The steps listed below are intended to help you organize your thoughts. If you need additional help see our articles Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline and Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft of your Manuscript at/doc/1287658b6c85ec3a86c2c538.html /newsletters.html.To make your message clear, the discussion should be kept as short as possible while clearly and fully stating, supporting, explaining, and defending your answers and discussing other important and directly relevant issues. Care must be taken to provide a commentary and not a reiteration of the results. Side issues should not be included, as these tend to obscure the message. No paper is perfect; the key is to help the reader determine what can be positively learned and what is more speculative. 1. Organize the Discussion from the specific to the general: your findings to the literature, to theory, to practice.2. Use the same key terms, the same verb tense (present tense), and the same point of view that you used when posing the questions in the Introduction.3. Begin by re-stating the hypothesis you were testing and answering the questionsposed in the introduction.4. Support the answers with the results. Address all the results relating to the questions, regardless of whether or not the findings were statistically significant.5. Describe the patterns, principles, and relationships shown by each majorfinding/result and put them in perspective. The sequencing of providing this information is important; first state the answer, then the relevant results before citing the work of others. If necessary, point the reader to a figure or table to enhance the “story”.6. Support your answers by explaining how your results relate to expectations and to the literature, clearly stating why they are acceptable and how they are consistent or fit in with previously published knowledge on the topic.7. Defend your answers, if necessary, by explaining both why your answer is satisfactory and why others are not. Only by giving both sides to the argument can you make your explanation convincing.8. Discuss and evaluate conflicting explanations of the results. This is the sign of a good discussion.9. Discuss any unexpected findings. When discussing an unexpected finding, begin the paragraph with the finding and then describe it.10. Identify potential limitations and weaknesses and comment on the relative importance of these to your interpretation of the results and how they may affect the validity of the findings. When identifying limitations and weaknesses, avoid using anapologetic tone.11. Summarize concisely the principal implications of the findings regardless of statistical significance.12. Provide recommendations (no more than two) for further research. Do not offer suggestions, which could have been easily addressed within the study, as this shows there has been inadequate examination and interpretation of the data.13. Explain how the results and conclusions of this study are important and how they influence our knowledge or understanding of the problem being examined.14. Discuss everything, but be concise, brief, and specific in your writing of the Discussion.。

Discussion是一篇SCI的重要部分-美辑编译

Discussion是一篇SCI的重要部分-美辑编译

Discussion是一篇SCI的重要部分-美辑编译一篇SCI如果有一个好的Discussion,那么可能从3分的文章变成5分的文章。

故而对于一篇SCI而言,如何写好Discussion 部分的内容是我们必须了解的重要内容。

Discussion是一篇SCI的重要部分那么,我们在写作Discussion的时候需要注意哪些要点呢?1、简要概述该研究的主要结果和发现:讨论中通常先简洁回顾本研究的重要结果和目的,但不要简单地重复前面引言内容和简单地罗列结果部分已提出的数据和资料。

同时要指出该研究所获得的结果是否支持你前面提出的假设,如结果不支持你前面提出的假设或获得了超出假设的新发现,应分析说明?2、对研究结果进行全面比较和分析,解释结果产生的机理:在对该领域专业文献全面阅读的基础上,把自己的研究结果与他人先前相似的研究结果进行对照和比较,如结果相似,要进一步说明自己的研究与他人先前的研究有什么区别和新意。

如结果不同,也不要断言自已的结果正确,别人的结果错误。

事实上,研究结果常常没有绝对的对和错,重点在于分析各自研究的优劣和局限,找出产生不同结果的原因。

对主要研究结果作简要总结和比较后,要解释导致这些结果的原因。

SCI论文都重视对研究结果产生机理的解释,如你本身就是研究机理的论文,要对机理清楚说明,反之,你要结合相关参考文献来解释产生这些结果的机理,有时你可能只能进行推测,但你的推测一定要合理。

3、说明本研究的长处和短处:任何一项研究都不可能是完美无缺的,对科学发展都只起着“添砖加瓦”的作用,无论是方法和结果都具有局限性。

因此,在讨论中自己要说明本研究的长处和短处。

对长处要重点阐述,以表明该研究的科学价值,短处也要明确指出并合理解释,二者缺一不可。

实际上,审稿人最注意寻找的可能就是你研究的短处,如果你自己指出并合理解释,这样会更容易获得审稿人的谅解,但你如果刻意将自己的缺陷掩盖起来,一旦审稿人自己发现了你的研究短处,那么他对你文章的信任就会发生动摇,同时他可能还会心生疑窦,是否还有其它未发现的缺陷呢?4、阐述研究结果的科学价值和意义:一项具有价值的研究不是因为你做了大量的工作,获得了大批的数据和高清的图片,而是在于研究有什么新的发现和科学价值。

如何写sci英文论文的Discussion

如何写sci英文论文的Discussion

如何写sci英文论文的Discussionsci英文论文Discussion:A. 怎样提出观点:在提出自己的观点时,采取什么样的策略很重要,不合适的句子通常会遭到reviewer置疑。

(1)如果观点不是这篇文章最新提出的,通常要用We confirm that……(2)对于自己很自信的观点,可用We believe that……(3)通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……(4)在极其特别时才可用We put forward(discover, observe)……"for the first time"来强调自己的创新……(5)如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定,可用We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to…)Or The results may be due to (caused by)attributed to resulted from……Or This is probably a consequence of……It seems that……can account for (interpret)this……Or It is posible that it stem from……要注意这些结构要合理搭配。

如果通篇是类型1)和5),那这篇sci英文论文的意义就大打折扣。

如果全是2),肯定会遭到置疑。

所以要仔细分析自己成果的创新性以及可信度。

B. 连接词与逻辑:写sci英文论文最常见的毛病是文章的逻辑不清楚,解决方法如下。

(1)sci英文论文注意句子上下连贯,不能让句子独立。

常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。

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呕血整理,meta分析的SCI写作模板—discussion
今天我们继续给大家带来《Meta分析的SCI写作模板》系列,今天给大家介绍的是文章的最后一部分-讨论部分-Discussion。

这部分的内容主要是先介绍我们的Meta分析的主要结果,解释一下产生主要结果的原因,与其它研究的异同点,本研究的必要性等,以及一些缺点等。

本文先介绍一下对结果的总体描述的表述,列举几个例子,让大家看一下本部分的写作方法。

①The overall goal of a meta-analysis is to combine the results of previous studies to arrive at a summary conclusion about a body of research.It is most useful in summarizing prior research when individual studies are too small to yield a valid conclusion.
②In this study,we analyzed the associations between×××and×××using a meta-analysis to obtain a powerful conclusion.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first meta-analysis providing comprehensive insights into the effects of the×××and risk associated with×××.
③Meta-analysis has been recognized as an effective method to answer a wide variety of clinical questions by summarizing and reviewing previously published, quantitative research.
④Despite the fact that most of the trials had small sample sizes and poor methodological quality,analysis of the pooled data showed a consistently superior effect of×××combined with×××in terms of total effectiveness,when compared to the control groups.
⑤The pooled data of×××(postoperative outcomes)suggest that×××was associated with shorter time to×××.Given that there were differences in×××(postoperative patient)management preferences and hospital discharge criteria, whether these potential benefits can be proved in future well designed RCTs is not known.。

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