9AUnit1AncientGreece知识点
(2021年整理)牛津上海版初中英语各单元知识点
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六年级上重点:介词:at， on， in，情态动词：would, must， shall,一般将来时，现在完成时,不定代词：a few， some， a lot of六年级(下）一.共分为11个单元,各单元内容为：六年级下重点：情态动词用于情景交际，介词：for, if， with, from，there be句型，一般将来时七年级（上)一.共分为11个单元，各单元内容为：七年级上重点：祈使句，方位介词，副词，现在完成时,so/neither句型七年级（下）一.共分为11个单元,各单元内容为：七年级下重点：介词的使用，代词:物主代词,反身代词，形容词，现在完成时八年级（上)一.共分为7个单元，各单元内容为:八年级上重点：一般过去时,可数不可数名词,基数词，序数词，过去分词作状语八年级（下）一.共分为7个单元，各单元内容为：八年级下重点：连词and but so的使用，状语从句，宾语从句，should/ought to句型，情态动词的用法,现在进行时九年级（上）一.共分为7个单元,各单元内容为：九年级上重点：不定式的用法，形容词副词的比较级,现在完成时九年级（下)一.共分为5个单元,各单元内容为：九年级下重点：定语从句,状语从句，间接引语，过去进行时，过去完成时。
牛津上海版英语九年级第一学期：Unit1 Ancient Greece. 教案2
Ask the students to read the story quickly for 3rd time and get some useful information.
Ask the students to read the story quickly for 4th time and divide the story into 4 parts according to the order of time.
1．Ask the students to review the words and phrases in the story.
2．Ask the students to read the story after the tape for 3 times.
3．Ask the students to retell the story with their own words orally.
3．To teach how to guess the meaning of some new words.
4．To teach how to find some useful information from the story.
5．To teach how to divide a long story into parts.
Post-task
activities
Ask the students to retell the story in their own words.
Retell the story in their own words.
上海牛津英语9AUnit1知识点和语法点(配练习)
教学重点：重点句型的运用教学难点：情态动词、代词教学过程：1、词汇（快速过）2、语法（详解）3、家庭作业9A Chapter 1 The night of the horse一、词汇词汇提高篇Stonehenge n. 史前巨石柱Egypt n. 埃及send in 上交，呈递tale n. 传说the Trojans 特洛伊人Troy 特洛伊城beyond prep. 在,,远处stair n. 楼梯capture v. 捕获，占领darkness n. 黑暗drag v. 拖，拉Greek a. 希腊的n. 希腊人include v.包括plain n. 平原Pyramid n. 金字塔roughly ad. 粗暴地securely ad. 安全的seize v. 抓住unable a.没有能力的arrow n. 箭，箭头bow n. 弓fictional a.虚构的legend n. 传说，传奇politician n. 政客sportsman n. 男运动员sportswoman n. 女运动员junk a. 陈旧，无用或不值钱的东西mend v.修补词形转换基础1.部分单词的复数形式army---armies; enemy---enemies; century---centuries2. 几组反义词disappear---appear;（消失---出现）enemy---friend;（敌人---朋友）dark---bright; (黑暗的--- 明亮的)empty---full；（空的---满的）stupid---clever/bright/wise/intelligent/ smart（愚蠢的---聪明的）3. history n. 历史historical a. 历史的4. wooden a. 木头的wood n. 木头5. city n. 城市citizen n. 市民6. frightened a. 受惊吓的（修饰人）frightening a. 恐怖的（修饰物）frighten v. 使害怕7 .help n./v. 帮助helpful a. 有帮助的8. succeed v. 使,,成功success n. 成功9. enter v. 进入entrance n. 入口10. difficult a. 困难的difficulty n. 困难提高1. dark a. 黑暗的darkness n. 黑暗2. Greek a.& n. 希腊的，希腊人Greece n. 希腊3. able---unable （有能力的---没有能力的）enable v. 使,,能4. celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n.e.g. celebrate Christmas/celebrate one’s birthday/celebrate a success5. securely ad.安全地secure a.安全的6. including prep.包括include v. 包括7. giant a. = very large 巨大的op. tiny 微小的8. secret n. 秘密secretly ad. 秘密地9. succeed v.成功success n.成功successful a. 成功的successfully a. 成功地10. rough a. 不平的；粗糙的；崎岖的roughly ad.11. Troy n.特洛伊城Trojan n./a.特洛伊人（的）12. Europe n. 欧洲European a.& n. 欧洲的（人） a European13.fiction n . 虚构的事fictional a.虚构的14. politics n. 政治politician n. 政客15. sport n. 运动sportsman男运动员sportswoman词组基础1. two at a time 一次两个2. make jokes about sb. 拿,,开玩笑=make fun of3. no longer 不再=not,any longere.g. I am no longer a child.= I am nota child any longer.4.. seconds later =after a while =moments later 过了一会儿5. look down at 向下看着6. take sth with sb. 随身带去某物7. obey orders 遵守命令8. make sure that+从句确信(make sure= be sure)9. go to sleep = fall asleep 入睡10. succeed in doing sth =be successful in doing sth. =manage to do sth 成功地干某事11. by a trick用诡计by midnight 到了午夜12. sail away 驾船驶走13. the Indian Ocean 印度洋14. enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a wonderful time 过得愉快15. get rid of 摆脱16. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人提高1. in the darkness= i n the dark 在黑暗中2. send in 上交，呈递3. except for 除了4. be securely locked 被安全地锁上5. pull,into把,放进,中drag,into把,拉进,中6. drag sb. away 掳走二、重要内容讲解※ 1. A newspaper ran a short story competition on famous tales from history.报纸举办一个依据著名历史故事创作短篇小说的比赛。
上海牛津英语9A教案
XX 牛津英语教案“一9A 9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Reading 一 The niglit of tile horse (1) 19A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Reading 一 The niglit of the horse (2) 29A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Grammar-The present perfect tense39A Unit 1 Ancient Greece More practice — Archimedes and the crown49A Unit 2 Traditional skillsReading - Fishing with birds (1) 5 9A Unit 2 Traditional skillsReading - Fishing witli birds (2) 6 9A Unit 2 Traditional skillsGrammar —the Passive voice7 9A Unit 2 Traditional skillsMore practice —some facts of tea9 9A Unit 2 Traditional skills Revision 109A Unit 3 Pets Reading —Head to headl 19A Unit 3 Pets Grammar 一-adverbs 129A Unit 3 Pets Writing-My favourite shop 139A Unit 4 puters9A Unit 4 puters9A Unit 4 puters9A Unit 4 puters Reading-puter facts (1)14 Reading-puter facts (2)16 Grammar-parison of adj &advl8 Speal<ing20Reading- M emory21Reading-Memory21Grammar —Adverbial clauses (11)239A Unit 7 Escaping from kidnappers Reading: ic strips (1)309A Unit 7 Escaping from kidnappers Reading- ic strips (2)319A Unit 7 Escaping from lddnappers Grammar: Adjectives329A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Reading - The night of the horse (1) Objectives:1. To understand the meaning of the key words in the text ・2. To get further understanding of the context of the text3. To lielp the students realize the importance of thinking9A Unit GDetectives Reading —Protecting the innocent269A Unit GDetectives Grammar: Using inlinitives289A Unit GDetectives Listening —Mrs White 1 s lost jewellery289A Unit GDetectives Writing: A crime report29Writing-Memory Corner24 9A Unit 5 Tiie human brain 9A Unit 5 The human brain 9A Unit 5 The human brain 9A Unit 5 Tlie human brain4.To improve students * oral English and team spirit througli activitiesFocus and difficult points:To enable the students to retell a plete liistorical eventProcedure:I.Pre-task1.Ask the students to look at the picture and the dialogue between Hi and Lo. Then answer the following questions:1)Where is Hi? What is Hi doing there?2)Does Hi think children who lived long ago were lucky?Why does he tliink so?3)From this cartoon, do you think that Hi likes learning history? Give your reasons・ 1 ・Introduce some famous landmarks in history・ Ask the students to look at tlie pictures and guess wliich country they are in.Pyramid:Stonehenge:ParthenonT emple:2.Ask the students to brainstorm: wliat do you know about the story: the niglit of the horse? Then asktliem to use their imagination to arrange tlie pictures in the correct order.II.WhUe-task1.Ask the students to read the text and match the words with their English meanings. (Cl,2)2.Ask tlie students to answer some extra questions・1)How long had tlie Greeks tried to capturethe city of Troy?2)Did the Greeks take everything with them?3)Was 让 difficult for the Trojans to take the huge wooden liorse into the city? Why or why not?4)Read Line 13,14, wliat do you think would tlie soldier say?5)How did the Trojans move tlie liorse into tlie city?6)The Greek soldiers were cauglit by the Trojans, weren1 t they?3.Ask tlie students to answer some questions. (DI)III.Post-task1 ・ Ask tlie students to retell the story・2・ Ask the students to think about the questions and discuss with their group members・1)What can we learn from the Greeks?2)What lesson can we get from the Trojans?IV.Assignment1.Read the new words and text fluently, and recite the new words.2.Finish the exercise on workbook・3.Finish the extra Ex.9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Reading - The night of the horse (2) Objectives:To let students understand the text better and know some more words and expressions・ To enable students to use the new language.Words and expressions:1.history 一 historical2.Greece - Greek; Egypt - Egyptian; Br让ain — Britisii; America - American3.The soldiers came down the stairs—two at a time・1)down prep・ Tears ran down her face・2)up prep・He went up the stairs.3)two at a time = He came down two stairs at a time.4.But the captain of the guards was no longer listening.no longer = not ・--any longer5・ seconds later = minutes later6・ look down at look up atlook down upon 瞧不起，歧视7.The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city・1)the Greeks 希腊人姓氏的負数形式和民族名称前，表示全家和整个民族the Turners, the Wangstlie Cliinese, the British, the Japanese2)capture our city = make our city their prisoner 占领我们城capture +人/地点/动物/事物8.You don' t have to think・don' t liave to = needn, t 没必要9.drag(用力而缓慢地)拖拉drag sth.drag sb.硬拉，硬拖10.make jokes about 以 ...... 为笑柄，取笑Play a joke on开(某人)玩笑have a joke开玩笑11.Everybody in Troy went to sleep, _______ t lie guards・A. includeB. includes C・ including D・ included12.By midnight, the square was empty, except for the giant horse・except for 除了 ..... 之外区别: besides; except; except for13.The Greeks seized the captain・14.It had returned in the darkness・return= e back15.In one night, they succeeded in capturing it througli a trick.succeed in doing sth.=be successful in doing sth.词性转换：succeed; success; successful; successfully重点句型16.It is so big that they couldn' t take it with tliem・so・・・that…如此 以致干 ...9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece Grammar-The present perfect tense Objectives:To liave students know the rules of the present perfect tense.To let students express their feelings witli the present perfect tense・Steps:I.The form.1)We can use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past, but are connected with the present ・ It is formed with has/have + the past participle form of tile verb.2)Write down the present perfect tense for each conjugation.3)plete the sentences with have or have not, and suitable verbs・II.just, already and yet1)We can use just, already and yet with the present perfect tense・2)Read the conversation, put the verbs in the right tense, and add just, already or yet.III.ever and never1)We often use ever and never with the present perfect tense・IV・since and forWe often use since and for with the present perfect tense・V.have been to and have gone to1)There is an important difference in meaning between have been to and have gone to. pare these two sentences about Mr Hu and Mr Luo who work in the same office・2)plete the sentences below with been or gone.VI.Review exerciseplete Ann" s diary by putting the verbs in italics in the present perfect tense and choosing the correct underlined words・I (1) _______________ (ever/justfinish) reading a wonderful book・ It' s tlie best book I(2) ______________ (ever/neverread). My friend Penny is reading it too. She(3) _________________ (not finish 辻/ already/yet), but she really likes 辻.I asked her, "(4) ________________________ (you/ ever/already enjoy) a book so much?，'No, I haven' 1.1 (5) ___________________________ (just/neverread) such a good book,' she replied・I love reading, and I (6) _____________________ (already / never start) another book ・ It' sthe first science fiction story I (7) ________________ (try for/since) a long time —(8) _______ (for/since) last year, in fact・Assignments:Do more exercises with what you have learned.9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece More practice— Archimedes and thecrownObjectives:1.To offer the students another chance to read stories in ancient Greece・2.To enlarge students vocabulary・3.To have students try to find information from a long text・Pre-reading1.Read the questions below and circle the correct answers・1)Which of these ancient countries was in Europe?2)When was ancient Greek civilization at its strongest in liistory?3)Wliich of these people lived in ancient Greece?4)What was Archimedes?5)Archimedes died in 212 BC・ How long has he been dead?2・ Ask students whether they know any stories about Archimedes or other famous ancient Greeks and let them discuss witli their friends.3.Look at the picture, the title, the first and tiie last paragraphs of the story on page 14. Then decide whether the following statements are true or false.While-reading1.Find words to match these meanings in the story on page 14.2.Read the story again and decide wiiether the statements below are T (true) or F (false). If the story does not tell you about them, circle DK (Don' t know).3.Ask students to arrange the pictures in order, 1 - 9, as they happened in the story・Post-reading1 ・ Pair work:Ask students to think about what Arcliimedes and liis servant would talk about. Remember that Archimedes owns the servant; the servant is not his friend!2.More exercises・Assignments:1 ・ Read the text twice.2・ Try to memorize the new words and know how to make sentences with some certain piirases ・9A Unit 2 Traditional skills Reading - Fishing with birds (1)Objectives:1.To understand the meaning of the key words in the text・2.To get further understanding of the context of the text3.To help the students realize the importance of tliinking4.To improve students J oral English and team spirit througli activitiesFocus and difficult points:To enable tlie students to retell a plete liistorical eventProcedure:I.Pre-taskI.Introduce some traditional sldlls or jobs to students・2・ Tell students tliat people and animals have always worked together. Ask them too match the beginning of each sentence with its ending.3.Tell students to match the words in the box with the tilings in the picture・4.Tell students to read the first sentence of each paragraph on pages 20 and 21. Then close their books and answer the following questions・5 Read the four sentences below・ Then look quickly at the article on pages 20 and 21, and write the numbers 1 - 4 in the blanks ・II.While-reading1.Ask students to read through tlie text・2.Read the first paragrapli again and plete the information about Damin and a cormorant.3.Read the second paragrapli again and plete the flow chart・4.Ask some questions about the text.•What does Damin do after the birds bring fish back to the raft?•How does Damin deal with the fish that he gets?•How old is cormorant fishing?•Wliat is Damin teaching his grandson?•How soon will cormorant fisliing probably disappear in the world?III.Post-reading1.Pretend that you are Darnin' s grandson. Tell whether you would like to learn tliis traditional skill of cormorant fisliing and give your reasons as well.2.ConsolidationHave students read the text and new words again・Assignments:1.Read the new words and text fluently, and recite the new words・2・ Finish the exercise on workbook・3.Finish the extra Ex.9A Unit 2 Traditional skills Reading - Fishing with birds (2)Objectives:1 ・ Knowledge: Know about cormorant fisliing.2.Ability: Improve students * divergent, convergent and creative thinldng・3.Moral education: Care about and develop Chinese traditional cultures・Teaching procedures:anizing the classGreet students and have them read the words of this chapter.IL Brainstorming1.Display a set of pictures about Cliinese traditional cultures・2.Encourage students to talk more about Chinese traditional cultures・IIL Pre-task1 ・ What elements does a story consist of?2.plete the table about tlie story・e one sentence to generalize the information in tlie table・IV.While-task1.Sub-task 1: Describing a person (Guessing & arguing)1)Teacher describes a person and let students guess who it is. (Demonstration)2)Students practice this guessing game and teacher assigns one or more pairs to describe the fisherman.3)Two or tliree pairs including the appointed one are demanded to act out in front of class and let tlie rest guess・4)Teacher encourages students to judge whether the description about the fisherman is similar to the one in the story・(Double Bubble Maps)2.Sub-task 2: Depicturing an animal (Meeting)1)Teaclier talks about the difference and similarity between a panda and a dog with some students・(Demonstration)2)Students are encouraged to simulate to hold a meeting to pare and contrast a cormorant and any other animal they like. There must be a cliairperson and some participants ・(GW & Double Bubble Maps)3)Some groups may be asked to perform their meetings in front of class・3.Sub-task 3: Exploring fish-catching metliods (Debating)1)Teacher leads students to speak of the fish-catching methods and attempt to divide them into traditional metliod and modern metliod・2)Teacher divides the whole class into two groups・ One group holds tliat the traditional fish-catching metliods are better than the modern ones; the other argues over the left shoulder・ One student will be elected to be the referee・(GW)3)The referee should instigate the sides to debate more fiercely and decide the group who wins.4.Sub-task 4: Considering tlie cliallenge of cormorant fishing (Discussing)1)Students are required to read the last paragraph and think about: What is the matter with cormorant fisliing?2)Students discuss what challenges tlie cormorant fishing・(GW)3)Each group remends one speaker to make a report about their discussion・V.Post-task (Interviewing & Designing)1.Interviewing the Culture Minister about how to develop Cliinese traditional cultures・ The reporters may e from different TV stations, newspapers and even different countries. (In-class)2.Designing a project on Chinese traditional culture・(After-class)9A Unit 2 Traditional skills Grammar—the Passive voice1、话态概述我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。
Chapter1AncientGreece
Chapter 1 Ancient GreeceAncient Greek culture plays an essential role in the world culture. Ancient Greek culture has provided the creative energy and prototypes for later forms of Western society. Intellectual and cultural achievements, together with social and economic developments in ancient Greece and its neighbouring areas, mark the real beginning of Western civilization•I. Greek History•II. Greek Environment•III. Processing of Greek Civilization•IV. Greek Culture• 1. Greek Mythology• 2. Greek Philosophy• 3. Literature• 4. History• 5. Art and ScienceI. Greek history•Greece is a much harder place to live than Egypt, because the soil is not as good and there is not always enough water to grow plants for food. So people did not move there until a lot of centuries later. Our first evidence of real settlement in Greece comes from about 55,000 BC(57,000 years ago). Even then there were not very many people until around 3000 BC. Greek history is usually divided into a Stone Age,a Bronze Age, and an Iron Age. Sometimes people divide each of these periods intosmaller periods as well.•Stone age•Greek History { Bronze age•Iron ageII. Greek Environment•Greece, unlike Egypt or Mesopotamia, is not a place that is easy to live in.• 1. mountainous• 2. coastline• 3. unstable• 4. trees1. mountainous•The soil is not very good for growing things, there are a lot of mountains that make it hard to walk from one place to another, and there is never enough fresh water.Because of this, people did not settle in Greece as early as they moved to Egypt and the Fertile Crescent2. coastlineOn the other hand, what Greece does have is a lot of coastline (beaches). No part of Greece is more than about forty miles from the sea: a couple of days walking. Plus there are a lot of small islands as well. So when people did come to live in Greece, they were sailors, and theGreeks have always spent a lot of time sailing on the ocean.The combination of good sailing and lousy farming tends to make Greeks try to get a living from the sea. This can take several forms. First, Greeks fish a good deal. Second, they sail trade routes from one city to another, both Greek cities and elsewhere, all over the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, and make a living buying and selling things. Third, Greeks hire themselves out as soldiers to fight for other people around the Mediterranean, especially in Western Asia and Egypt(where there is money to pay them). And, less attractively, Greeks also often turn to piracy or raiding to make a living, as in the Trojan War 3. unstable•Another important aspect of the Greek environment is that it is very unstable. Greece is smack-dab in the middle of a very active volcanic zone, where the Europe tectonic plate meets the Africa tectonic plate. There are several active volcanoes, and earthquakes are also very common. There is a nervous feeling that there could be a natural disaster at any time. This got the Greeks interested in a particular kind of religion which we call oracles. Oracles are the gods speaking to people, often in the form of minor earthquakes, and the gods tell the people what is going to happen in the future.5. trees•One final observation: the Greek landscape does not look the same today as it did in the Bronze Age. There used to be quite a lot of trees on the hillsides of Greece, but people cut most of them down, and now the hills of Greece are mostly bare, or have little bushes on them. We are not quite sure when exactly the trees were cut down, but very likely it has to do with the beginning of using iron in Greece, around 800 BC.You have to heat iron very hot (1537 degrees Centigrade) in order to melt it, and that takes a lot of wood fires.III. Processing of Greek Civilization• 1. The early period of Greek civilization• a. Cretan civilization• b. The Mycenaean society and cultural•achievements• 2. The development and end of Greek•civilization• a. The city-states• b. The reform and tyrant rule• c. The culmination and decline of Greek civilization• 3. The culmination and decline of Greek civilizationIV. Greek Culture•Ancient Greek culture is of a rich variety, lasting value and wide influence around the world.• A. Greek mythology and religion• B. Greek philosophy• C. Greek literature• D. Greek art and scienceA. Greek mythology and religion•Greek mythology is based on a religion which took shape during the Homeric Age and was developed from animism and fetishism into polytheism.•The most prominent feature of Greek myth is that both man and god assume the same form.•In Greek myth, all the gods live on Mount Olympus. The chief god is called Zeus who keeps order with thunderbolts, both in heaven and on earth.B. Greek philosophyThe ancient Greeks were curious about many things, including what made the universe. They had the spirit of free enquiry and were quite ready to drop established ideas, to speculate, to use their imagination and to form their own conclusions. They were also not afraid to speak their mindsphilosophers• 1. Pythagoras (about 580-500B.C.)•He was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. He was the founder of scientific mathematics.• 2. Heracleitue (about 540-480B.C.) believed fire to be the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen. To him “all is flux, nothing is stationary”. He also said:•You cannot step twice into the same river;•for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you.•The sun is new everyday.• 3. Democritus(about 460-370B.C.) speculated about the atomic structure of matter Socrates•Socrates(about 470-399B.C.)He was the son of a sculptor, perhaps a sculptor himself in his early years, Socrates like to talk with people in the marketplace and in the streets, asking and answering questions. He was ready to discuss anything in heaven and earth, specializing in exposing fallacies. When words like justice, religiousness, virtue, wisdom, etc. were used by others, he would ask the speaker to explain them and then dissect the answers ti show they were wrong or illogical.This method of argument, by questions and answers, has come to be known as the dialectical method.His persistent questioning of people made him many enemies. In 399 B.C., at the age of seventy, he was condemned to death•Plato(428-348B.C.)•Plato was twenty-eight when Socrates was put to death.•He was a brilliant stylist, writing with wit and grace.•His masterpiece Dialogues consists ofapology(Socrates’ defence of himself at the trial), Symposium(dealing with beauty and love), and the Republic(about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher).Plato built up a comprehensive system of philosophyAristotle(384-322B.C.)•He was Plato’s pupil. Dante called him: “the master of those who know”.•Of his numerous works, the following are perhaps still important: Ethics(an introduction to moral philosophy), Politics, Poetics (a treatise on literary theory),Rhetiric (dealing with the art of persuading an audience).•He emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato’s reliance on subjective thinking.Other philosophers•Diogenes Cynicism•Pyrrhon Scepticism•Epicurus EpicureansC. Literature•Homer1.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. He probably lived around 700 B.C. Two such epics, the Iliad and the Odessey , have survived.2.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and odyssey on the Greek. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks.3. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odyssey after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.Lyric poetry•Homer’s epics were not the only form of poetry the Greeks had written. There were other forms, such as lyrics. Of the many lyric poets of the time, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar.•Sappho (about 612-580), woman poet , is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity,some of which are addressed to women.She was considered the most imprortant lyric poet of ancient Greece.•Pindar(about518-438) is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games.Drama•Early in their remote past, the Greeks started to perform plays at religious festivals.Out of these origins a powerful drama developed in the 5th century B.C.Performances were given in open-air theatres, with the audience sitting on stone beaches and looking down at the stage from three sides. Actors were masks.Aeschylus(525-456B.C•He wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound,Persians, Agamemnon. In these plays there are only two actors and a chorus. Yet they manage to stir and move the audience deeply by showing heroes and heroines in complicated human situations, out of which there is no escape but death. The plays are written in verse. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry.Sophocles(496-406B.C•He wrote plays like Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone. Contributedgreatly to tragic art. He added a third actor and decreased the size of the chorus.•Sophocles has had a strong impact on European literature. Some of his plots were taken over and adopted by later writers. The Austrian psychiatrist SigmundFreud’s term “the Oedipus complex” was also derived from Sophocles’s plays.•Euripides(484-406B.C•Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women. He was more of a realist than Aeschylus and Sophocles,concerned with conflicts. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays”.•In the 19th century, the English poets Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides th e human”.comedy•Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B.C. Its best writer was Aristophanes(450-380 B.C.), who has left eleven plays, including: Frogs, clouds,Wasps and Birds.•These plays are loose in plot and satirical in tone, full of clever parody and acute criticism. They treat of contemporary events and contain direct attacks onwell-known people of the day.•Coarse language is a striking feature of Aristophanes.D. History•Herodotus(484-430 B.C.)He is often called “Father of History”, wro te about the wars between Greeks and Persians. He had a keen eye for drama and pathos. His history, full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue, is wonderfully readable. His object in writing was “that the great and wonderful deeds done by Greeks and Persians should not lack renown”.Thucydides(460-404•He told about the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse,a Greek state on the island of Sicily. He traced events to their causes and brought outtheir effects.E. Art and Science•Science1. Euclid is even now well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written, because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.2. Archimedes“Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”Art•Greek art is a visual proof of Greek civilization. It gives us a glimpse of the scientific, literary, philosophical attainments of one of the earliest civilizations in Europe, because the Greeks put into works of art the things they admired and worshiped, the scientific rules they discovered, and the stories that they loved and believed.•Greek art is mainly in four forms: architecture, sculpture, painting, and painted pottery。
沪教牛津版九年级上册9A知识点梳理--期末总复习（广州地区适用）
沪教⽜津版九年级上册9A知识点梳理--期末总复习（⼴州地区适⽤）沪教⽜津版九年级上册9A知识点梳理（⼴州地区适⽤）Unit1 Wise men in history★单词Unit1 知识考点★常考短语in ancient Greece 在古希腊ask sb for sth 向某⼈要某物fill…with…⽤……把……装满send sb to prison 把某⼈关进监狱think about = consider 考虑；思考tell the truth 说实话be filled with=be full of 充满；装满make sure 确保；设法保证run over 溢出something else 别的东西be made by + sb. 被某⼈制成both…and………和……都……be made of +看得见的原材料，由……制成be made from +看不见的原材料，由……制成(be) happy with 对...感到满意的= be pleased/satisfied withone…the other…⼀个……另⼀个……★课⽂解析1. At first, he was very happy with it.扫⼀扫，听课⽂录⾳(1) at first "起初"辨析：at first与first of allat first 起初；当初相当于at the beginning，与后来发⽣的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后，终于）first of all ⾸先，第⼀相当于first，表⽰顺序，是时间上或⼀系列⾏动的开始，后⾯往往接next，then等At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。
First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. ⾸先，打开窗⼦，然后关掉煤⽓，如果需要，叫⼀辆救护车。
九年级英语历史知识点归纳
九年级英语历史知识点归纳在九年级学习英语的过程中，学生要掌握一些与历史相关的知识点。
本文将对这些知识点进行归纳总结。
1. Ancient Civilizations（古代文明）1.1 Ancient Egypt（古埃及）- Ancient Egyptian civilization（古埃及文明）- Pharaohs（法老）- Pyramids（金字塔）1.2 Ancient Greece（古希腊）- Ancient Greek civilization（古希腊文明）- Greek gods and goddesses（希腊神和女神）- Democracy in ancient Greece（古希腊的民主制度）1.3 Ancient Rome（古罗马）- Ancient Roman civilization（古罗马文明）- Roman Empire（罗马帝国）- Roman architecture（罗马建筑）2. World Wars（世界大战）2.1 World War I（一战）- Causes of World War I（一战的原因）- Major events and battles（重要事件和战役）- Treaty of Versailles（凡尔赛条约）2.2 World War II（二战）- Causes of World War II（二战的原因）- Major events and battles（重要事件和战役）- Holocaust（大屠杀）3. Cold War（冷战）- The division of the world into two superpowers（世界分为两个超级大国）- The arms race（军备竞赛）- Proxy Wars（代理战争）- Space race（太空竞赛）4. Civil Rights Movement（民权运动）- The fight for equal rights for African Americans（争取非裔美国人平等权利的斗争）- Key figures like Martin Luther King Jr.（马丁·路德·金等重要人物）- Key events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott（蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动）5. Important Historical Figures（重要历史人物）- Martin Luther King Jr.（马丁·路德·金）- Nelson Mandela（纳尔逊·曼德拉）- Winston Churchill（温斯顿·丘吉尔）- Mahatma Gandhi（圣雄甘地）- Adolf Hitler（阿道夫·希特勒）6. Important Documents and Declarations（重要文件和宣言）- The Declaration of Independence（独立宣言）- The United Nations Charter（联合国宪章）- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights（世界人权宣言）7. Technological Advancements（科技进步）- Industrial Revolution（工业革命）- Invention of the steam engine（蒸汽机的发明）- Invention of the light bulb（电灯泡的发明）- Apollo moon landing（阿波罗登月）8. Global Issues（全球问题）- Environmental issues（环境问题）- Climate change（气候变化）- Poverty and inequality（贫困和不平等）- Terrorism（恐怖主义）本文简要归纳了九年级英语学习中与历史相关的知识点。
Unit1AncientGreece
在希腊首都雅典卫城坐落的古城堡中心，神庙矗 立在卫城的最高点，这就是在世界艺术宝库中著 名的帕特农神庙。这座神庙历经两千多年的沧桑 之变，如今庙顶已坍塌，雕像荡然无存，浮雕剥 蚀严重，但从巍然屹立的柱廊中，还可以看出神 庙当年的丰姿。巴特农神庙是雅典卫城最重要的 主体建筑。
10 When had they returned? 11 Who won the war at last? 12 Who do you think is really
stupid, the Greeks or the Trojans?
阅读文章回答下列问题
1 How did the soldier come down the
He thought the Trojans had won the war.
4 In the captain’s opinion, why did the Greek leave the horse on the square? He thought it was so big that the Greek couldn’t take it with them.
empty sea?
4 In the captain’s opinion, why did the
Greek leave the horse on the square?
5 How did the soldier think of the horse
on wheels?
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9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece 知识点1. luck n. 运气 Wish you good luck！祝你好运！lucky adj. 好运的；幸运的 He is lucky to pass all the tests.他很幸运通过了所有的考试luckily adv. 幸运地Luckily，he passed all the tests.幸运的是，他通过了所有的考试。
2.history n. I can use my computer to learn about a famous person from history.我在电脑上可以读到某个历史名人的文章。
historical adj. 历史的；历史上The Great Wall is a famous historical place in the world.3.at a time = each time; on each occasion 每次The doctor asked my mother to take medicine three times a day and two pills ata time.医生让我妈妈每天服药三次，每次两片。
4. disappear vi. ：become impossible to see消失appear vi. 出现5. no longer= not… any longer不再My father gave up smoking . He is no longer a smoker.父亲戒烟了。
他不再是烟民了。
=My father gave up smoking. He is n’t a smoker any longer.He broke his leg and could no longer walk.他把腿摔断了，不能再走了。
=He broke his leg and could not walk any longer.6. go up the stairs= go upstairs上楼7. seconds later = moments later , after a while 不一会儿Seconds later, she finished making rice dumplings.不一会儿，她就包好了粽子。
8. look down at向下看反义词：look up at 抬头看He looked down at his shoes. They were very dirty.他低头看了看他的鞋子。
鞋子很脏。
He looked up at the bright stars. 他抬头看着明亮的星星。
look for 寻找Jane is looking for her key everywhere. 珍妮在到处寻找她的钥匙。
look at 看。
Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。
look after=take care of; care for 照顾We must learn to look after ourselves.我们须学会照顾自己look up 查阅He looked up all the new words in the dictionary.他在词典里查阅了所有的生词。
look out = be careful 当心 Look out! There is a car coming. 当心！有车过来了。
9. empty adj. 空的反义词：full adj. 满的This is an empty box.10. take sth. with sb. 随身带走了某物When you get off the car, don’t forget to take your belongings with you.下车时，别忘了带走你的随身物品。
11. main adj. 主要的The horse must go through the main gate. 那马必须经过那扇大门。
mainly adv. 主要地 This text mainly tells us how we should learn a foreign language.这篇课文主要告诉我们如何学习外语。
12. wood n. Wood can be used to make furniture.木头可用来造家具。
wooden adj. It’s a wooden ball, not a metal ball. 这是一个木头球，不是金属球。
13. difficult adj. This is a difficult problem.这是个难题。
difficulty n. There is a lot of difficulty in finishing the task.完成这个任务有许多困难。
14.on wheels 在轮子上The wooden horse is on wheels. 这木马是在轮子上。
15. maybe = perhaps adv. 也许；可能 Maybe he is right. 也许他是对的。
may be 可能是 = He may be right.16. want (sb.) to do sth 想（让某人）做某事= would like (sb.) to do sth.Do you want to visit the museum next week? 你想下周去参观博物馆吗？= Would you like to visit the museum next week?17. interrupt sb. 打断某人The captain interrupted him. 长官打断了他的话。
I’m sorry to interrupt, but there’s someone to see you. 对不起打断一下，有人要见你。
18. obey orders服从命令 A soldier’s duty is to obey orders.士兵的职责是服从命令。
19. city n. 城市citizen n. 市民；公民；居民All the citizen s of Shanghai can enjoy the party. She is American by birth but is now an Australian citizen 她出生于美国，但现在是澳大利亚公民。
20. celebrate v.庆祝 I celebrated my birthday with a big party.我举行派对来庆祝我的生日。
celebration n.21.dance around the horse 围着马跳舞22. make a joke / joke s about sth. / sb. 拿某事(某人)开玩笑; 取笑某人play a joke / joke s on sb. 拿某人开玩笑My classmates like to make jokes about me at lunchtimes.同学们喜欢在午餐时间开我的玩笑。
23. enemy n. 敌人 enem ies (复数)24. stupid adj. : foolish; silly 愚蠢的反义词： clever ; bright ; wise ; intelligent ; smart25. make sure 确信。
We will make sure all the windows are securely locked. 我们将确信所有的窗牢牢地锁住。
26.be securely locked被牢牢地锁住 = be safely locked27.go to sleep 入睡；睡着He didn’t go to sleep until his mother came back.直到母亲回来，他才入睡。
28.include v. 包括；包含The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.这次游览包括参加科技馆。
including prep.包括。
在内I’ve got a three-day holiday including New Year’s Day.包括元旦在内，我有三天的假日。
29. by midnight到半夜时为止by + 过去的时间状语，用过去完成时By the end of last year, they had read five English stories.30. except prep. "除。
之外"，即不把被排除的事物包括在内except for 常指在两种非同类事物中排除其中的一种except that 用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句besides prep.“除。
之外还有”，相当于in addition to例：He works every day except Sunday. 除了星期天之外，他每天都上班。
This is a very nice car except for its high price. 这是一辆非常漂亮的车，只是价格太高了。
It was a good restaurant except that it was rather noisy.这家餐馆不错，就是有点儿吵。
=It was a good restaurant except for its noise.Besides English, I also like Chinese and P.E..除了英语，我还喜欢语文和体育。
31.another hour = one more hour 又一小时注意：another + 数字 + 名词复数 = 数字 + more + 名词复数如：another two chairs = two more chairs 另外两把椅子32. secret adj. 秘密的；n. 秘密 a secret place一个秘密的地方It's a secret between you and me.secretary n. 秘书 He is a secretary of the manager.他是经理的秘书。
33.climb out 爬出去34.return vi = come back 回来 The man returned to his office. 那人回到了办公室。
vt.= give back 归还 Have you returned the book to the library?你把书还给图书馆了吗？35.in the darkness 在黑暗中 I couldn't see anything in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。