第三章 翻译6科技英语
研究生科技英语阅读课文及译文第三章

不干不净孩子没病?Can Dirt Do A Little Good?正如最近一部电影《阳光宝贝》(Babies)所展现的,世界各地的宝宝都如此可爱迷人,但他们所处的卫生条件却各不相同。
影片追随四个身处不同地方的婴儿在这个世界上第一个年头里的生命历程。
彭力交(Ponijao)出生在纳米比亚(Namibia)一个游牧民族家庭,从小喝Infants are enchanting all over the world, as the new movie 'Babies' shows. But their standards of hygiene sure vary. 如最近一部电影《阳光宝贝》(Babies)所展现的,世界各地的宝宝都如此可爱迷人,但他们所处的卫生条件却各不相同。
The film captures the first year of life for four diverse babies. In a nomadic family in Namibia, Ponijao drinks from muddy streams, chews on dry bones and uses her many siblings' body parts as toys. 影片追随四个身处不同地方的婴儿在这个世界上第一个年头里的生命历程。
彭力交(Ponijao)出生在纳米比亚(Namibia)一个游牧民族家庭,从小喝脏水,啃干骨头,和她的许许多多个兄弟姐妹们扭打,作为自己的玩耍方式。
On a small family farm in Mongolia, a rooster struts around little Bayar's bed, a goat drinks from his bathwater and livestock serve as babysitters. 在蒙古国一个家庭小农场里,一只大公鸡在小小的巴亚尔(Bayar)的床边来回踱步,一只山羊过来喝他的洗澡水,周围的家畜就是照料他的保姆。
《科技英语翻译》第3章 翻译练习参考译文

第3章名词和冠词的翻译第1节名词的翻译第1节翻译练习1一个不寻常的用途是:这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。
当含有电感的电路突然断开时,可用电容器消除火花。
第1节翻译练习2比较结果表明,误差是由于名称不同而造成的。
(抽象名词comparison后增译名词“结果”)扫描结果证实,受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。
(抽象名词scan后增译名词“结果”)对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明,这种设想是完全错误的。
(抽象名词research后增译名词“结果”)各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难度程度不一。
(抽象名词easy后增译名词“程度”)内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。
(抽象名词protection后增译名词“性能”)地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护,从而免受危险的太阳紫外线辐射的伤害。
(具体名词radiation后增译名词“伤害”)根据分子理论的原理,物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
(抽象名词theory后增译名词“原理”)温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。
(具体名词cooling 后增译名词“设施”)第1节翻译练习3要特别注意软管,保证没有擦伤。
(动词派生的名词attention转译为动词)电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
(名词concern转译为动词)窃取基因不是新鲜事。
(名词piracy转译为动词)所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。
(名词growth转译为动词)第1节翻译练习4这个试验是成功的。
(名词success转译为形容词)半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。
(表示数量概念的名词短语a variety of 转译为形容词)第2节冠词的译法第2节翻译练习1聚合物是一种高分子的物质。
橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体,所以经常使用在电缆上。
这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。
这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。
第2节翻译练习2轴承可以定义为一种专门设计用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。
Lesson 3 Chapter 3科技英语翻译

An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero. 静止的物体没有动能,因为它的速度为零。 on a large scale 大规模地 a majority of 大多数的 a wealth of 大量的 as a result 结果,因此
I 名词的翻译
1 直译
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents. 一个不同寻常的用途是:这个机构使用指纹扫 描器监视居住人员的进出。 A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened. 当含有电感的电路突然断开时,可用电容器消 除火花。
2)音意合译
Magnus moment Einstein equation Doppler effect Curie plot Bessel function radar chain force pump 玛格努斯力矩 爱因斯坦方程 多普勒效应 居里曲线 贝塞尔函数 雷达防线 压力泵
EST- Abbreviations
1 Acronyms
laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation "通过受激发射光扩大"。 radar radio detecting and ranging “无线电探测与定位” sonar sound navigation and ranging “声音导航与测距”,是一种利用声波在水下的传播 特性,通过电声转换和信息处理,完成水下探测和通 讯任务的电子设备。
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7

Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in thecircuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance.对于串联谐振,电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低,相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。
2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighsexactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current.一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。
3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulserepetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged.在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率,或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值,而保持脉冲宽度不变。
4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage ofcharged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor.Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics.电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。
科技英语的翻译

第三章科技翻译I. 科技文体的特点科技文献的范围很大,既包括比较正式的科技论文、报告、专利也包括科普读物等,因此它的文体特点比较复杂,概括起来科技文体主要有以下几个特点客观性科技文献描述的是各种自然现象及规律,而客观规律是不以人的意志为转移的,因此科技文献必须尽可能排除人的主观干扰,最大限度保持客观性,任何一个客观现象和规律都不会因人而异。
在科技英语中,客观性主要表现为被动语态使用的比较多,尽量避免使用第一人称代词做主语。
准确性科技问题的准确性则表现为用词的准确,例如在科技文体要使用大量的科技术语,科技术语一般含义单一,能够做到准确描述,此外,在内容的描述上,尽量避免含糊的表达,如“温度很高”,而应该说“温度高达1000度”;这是因为任何科技活动都有严格的条件限制,前提条件发生任何一点微小的变化,结果就不同了。
严谨性科技文体的严谨性表现在陈述和论证科学和技术思想的严密、无懈可击,各种复杂句使用多、定状成分多、句与句、段与段之间的连接成分使用准确,整个篇章层次分明、逻辑连贯。
II.英语技术词语的构成1.缀合法由几个词素组成,如前缀、词根、后缀,使用比较灵活,是科技英语常见的构词手段,掌握这种方法需要熟悉常见的词根,如e. g. bio-(生命、生物),thermo-(热),electro-(电),aero-(空气), carbo-(碳),hydro-(水), -ite(矿物), -mania(热、狂)。
典型的例子如下:antiacid=anti+acid解酸剂decomposition=de+composition分解supersaturate=super+saturate过饱和biochemomorphology=bio+chemo+morphology 生化形态学thermoelectrometer=thermo+electro+meter电热计hydroammonolysis=hydro+ammono+lysis 氢化氨解作用miniultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+sonic+prober微型超声波金属探伤仪常见的后缀有-er/or(者)、-ish(近乎……的、有……的)、-ism(学说、主义)、-wise(方向、样子、状态)rocketeer火箭专家weaponeer武器专家fiftyish五十岁左右bluish浅蓝色的computerism计算机万能主义nuclearism核武器万能主义relativism相对论lengthwise沿长度方向educationwise就教育方面而言2.复合法复合法也称合成法指由两个或两个以上单词合并而构成一个新词,如hovercraft气垫船,waterlock水闸,bull’s eye靶心,,satellite antimissile observation system卫星反导弹观察系统等。
科技英语翻译-第3章

Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 一、直译 所谓直译,就是把原文中名词或名词短语本身的含义翻 译出来。如: A power reactor has no need of air, for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of unclear fission, not of combustion. 动力反应堆不需要空气,因为在铀堆中产生的热室核裂 变而不是燃烧的结果。 Differentiation can also be expressed in terms of biochemical activities. 分化也可以用生化活动来表达。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 三、增译 名词的增译多数是为了使译文更符合汉语的表达方式与习惯。如: Breeding of hummingbirds takes? place in May and June. 蜂鸟生育繁殖的时间是每年的五月和六月。 译文在breeding后增译了“时间”;在in May and June前增译了 “每年”,使整个句子读起来更加通顺,意思表达更准确完整。 A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a? reamer. 钻好的孔可用铰刀加工,使其尺寸精确,表面光滑。 该句在形容词accyrate and smooth前分别增译了名词“尺寸”和 “表面”,译文的意思表达的更明确一些。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
科技英语翻译第三章第一二节全解
• 2) Go right on until you reach the church. • 一直往前走,直到你到达教堂为止。(副词,作
“一直〞解。) • 3) It's my right of way,so that lorry must stop or
slow down until I've passed it • 我有优先通行权,所以那货车必须停驶或减慢车速
• 9) An aggressive young man can go far in this firm. • 富有进取心的年轻人
关于死的不同表达方法
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 蒋介石死了。 • 逝世了 • 长眠 • 过世 • 老了 • 不在了 • 见马克思了 • 上西天了 • 玩完了
•溘然长逝 •寿中正寝 •驾崩 •早逝 •阵亡 •牺牲 •殉职 •香消玉殒 •倩女离魂
• 给电池充电
dry在不同的上下文中的不 同意思
• 1) I want my martini dry. • 我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。
• 2) There are still some dry states in the United States.
• 在美国尚有几州禁酒。 • 3) She prefers dry bread. • 她喜欢无奶油的面包。
• 有些短语在不同的上下文中, 意思不同:
• 2) I know you think I am talking nonsense,but in time you will realize that was right.
• 我知道你认为我在胡说八道, 但你将来终究会理解我说的话 是对的。〔sooner or later〕
科技英语翻译_中篇总结
科技英语翻译中篇第一章科技英语翻译常用技巧1.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
2.The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
3.The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternatingcurrent.电流先向一个方向流动,然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。
4.If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to studynuclear physics.我们如果不知道原子的结构,就不可能研究核子物理学。
5.Both of the substances are not soluble in water.这两种物质都不溶于水。
6.Whenever one body touches another, heat always passes by the conduction from thewarmer to the colder.当一个物体接触到另一个物体时,热量总是从较热的物体传导到较冷的物体。
7.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of protein.所有这一切证明,我们必须深入的研究蛋白质的特性。
8.The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development ofscience and technology.电子计算机的广泛应用对科学和技术的发展有极大的影响。
科技英语课文段落翻译
科技英语课文段落翻译1、p16第1段第四行P r o g r a m s u s u a l l y r e s i d e……,a n d s p e e d.Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronic, and the program results are stored or routed to output devices ,such as video display monitors or printers. Computers are used to perform a wide variety of activities with reliability ,accuracy, and speed.程序通常贮存在计算机中,计算机的电子器件会对其进行检索和处理,程序结果会被存起来或传给输出装置,如视频显示器或打印机。
人们运用计算机进行各种各样的活动,它可靠,准确而且快捷。
2、p17第5段L a p t o p c o m p u t e r s a n d P C s....t o d i s p l a y i n f o r m a t i o n(倒数第三行)Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks, for word processing ,to track finances ,and to play games. They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents. They are equipped with a keyboard; a mouse, trackball, or other pointing device; and a video display monitor or liquid crystal display(LCD)to display information.典型情况下,商务上和家庭中使用膝上电脑和个人电脑在计算机网络上进行通信,进行文字处理,跟踪金融行市以及玩游戏。
Unit6科技翻译(学习资料)
Unit 6 科技文体翻译教学目标及基本要求:了解科技英语的词汇、句法特点,掌握科技文体的翻译技巧。
教学重点:1)英语科技词语的构成2)科技英语的句法特点教学难点:科技英语的翻译方法实用训练:英译汉:Scientific prediction for the next 30 years汉译英:技术创新1 .Formation of English Technical TermsOne of the most distinctive features of EST is its technical terms,which not only account for a large part of English vocabulary,but also are the must important source of new coined words in modern English,ranging over an extensive area of various fields. A mastery of them will benefit us a great deal in the translation of EST.In terms of form,English technical terms may be classified into three categories, namely, single words (e. g. robot机器人,Internet因特网,etc. ) , compound forms(e.g. feedback反馈,splashdown溅落,etc.)and phrases(e. g. on-and-off-the- road路面越野两用的,anti- armored-fight-vehicle-missile 反装甲车导弹,power transmission relay system送电中继体系,etc. ). Since most of the technical terms come out of the basic rules of word-formation,it's necessary for us to conduct a Brief survey of their formation.1. Affixation 缀合式科技词语Affixation is an important means of coining new English words and technical terms,with prefix and suffix as inseparable elements of the words being coined. The advantage of affixation is evident: it is the most flexible means of forming new woods and its potential of creation is almost boundless,therefore it is extensively used in the formation of technical terms. Besides prefix and suffix of English origin,there are some foreign borrowings,noticeably the Latin ones, e.g. bio-(生命、生物) thermo-(热),electro- (电),aero-(空气),carbo- (碳), hydro-(水), -ite(矿物),-mania(热、狂), etc. If we are familiar with these prefixes and suffixes,many technical terms of such formation can be translated appropriately. The following are some typical examples.miniultrasonicprober =mini +ultra +sonic +prober微型超声波金属探伤仪macrospacetransship=macro +space +trans +ship巨型空间转运飞船teletypesetter=tele +type +setter电传排字机bathythermograph=bathy +thermo +graph海水测温仪barothermograph=baro +thermo +graph气压温度记录器deoxyrihonucleic=de +oxy +ribo+ nucleic脱氧核糖核的photomorphogenesis=photo +morpho +genesis光形态发生2. Compounding复合式科技词语Two or more words combined to form a new word is called compounding. English technical terms formed by compounding generally take three forms: combining with a hypthen (e.g. salt-former卤素,dew-point露点, pulse-scaler脉冲定标器) or without it (e.g. fallout放射性尘埃,hovercraft 气垫船,waterlock水闸,thunderstorm雷暴),or two or more separate words forming a word combination ( e.g. stem cell 干细胞,optical drive光驱,satellite antimissile observation system卫星反导弹观察系统). Most of such compound words may be translated literally, i.e., Put the Chinese equivalents of the separate elements together and we get the Chinese equivalents of the compound words. Sometimes,however,there are exceptions. For example,bull's eye靶心),cat-and-mouse航向与指挥的),dog house(高频高压电源屏蔽罩),etc.一literal translation in tackling such terms may lead astray. Therefore whenever we are confronted with unfamiliar terms and are not sure of their meaning,we should frequently consult dictionaries of relevant specialties. In many cases some additional explanations are needed to make the original meaning clear and accurate.3 .Blending缩合式科技词语This is a variant of compounding,omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word. Sometimes,however, either the first part or the second part of the overlapped word may be clipped to form a new word. This blending of words generally possesses the combined meaning of both; therefore, literal translation is used in translating such terms,with one element modifying the other. Occasionally,a new name is given to the blending.bit=binary+ digit(二进制)位,比特blog=web +log博客brunch=breakfast十lunch早午餐/晚早餐copytron = copy+ electron电子复写技术gravisphere=gravity +sphere引力范围medicare= medical +care医疗保健netizen=net+ citizen网民smog=smoke +fog烟雾telex=teleprinter+ exchange电传4.Acronyms 首字母缩略式科技词语An acronym is a word formed from the initials or other of several words.Acronyms are widely accepted to coin English technical terms. With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more acronyms are being extensively used in various fields. Simple and brief, acronyms sometimes tend to cause ambiguity in meaning. Therefore,it is up to the translator to discern their actual meaning in different contexts.ADP automatic data processing自动数据处理AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病EDF'M electronic data processing machine电子数据处理机DINK double income , no kids双收人无子女家庭GSV guided space vehicle制导宇宙飞船Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光RAM random access memory随机存取存储器UFO unidentified flying object不明飞行物WWW World Wide Web万维网Sometimes,an acronym happens to be an actual English word,or it may possess more than one meaning. In this case,special attention should be paid to pick out the right equivalent in Chinese.MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth(仪表载重50公斤以下的)不载人的最小人造地球卫星SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈SNAP subsystem for nuclear}auxiliary power辅助(原子)核动力子系统space nuclear auxiliary power空间核辅助能源systems for nuclear auxiliary power辅助核动力系统AS air scoop空气收集器air seasoned风干的(木材)air speed空速,气流速率air station航空站,飞机场American Standard美国标准atmosphere arid space大气层与宇宙空间automatic sprinkler自动洒水车automatic synchronizer自动同步器5 .Proper Nouns 专有名词科技词语Many of the technical terms in English are borrowed from proper nouns such as names of people,places,firms,trade marks,organizations,etc.,normally beginning with a capital letter. In such cases,consulting relevant dictionaries will be of great help . Transliteration is the usual way in translating proper nouns. Sometimes,a label to the corresponding translation is necessary to indicate the nature of the given words.Xerox静电复制(derived from a trademark )IBM System IBM系统(derived from a US corporation)Kuru库鲁病} derived from a place in eastern New Guinea)Alfven wave阿尔文波(derived from the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfven) Chandler's wobble钱得拉波动说(derived from the US astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler )Of course,there are some other forms of technical terms in English. To name a few,Clipping(e. g.“lab”comes from“laboratory”),Back-formation(e. g.“to lase" comes from“laser"),Coinage(e. g.“quark" in physics),Functional Shift (e. g. in the phrase“to contract the terminal",the word“contract" is converted from a noun to a verb),Borrowing(e. g.“gene" is borrowed from German),and so on. In whatever circumstances,the discrimination of the original meaning and the contextual analysis are of vital importance. Only when we get an accurate understanding of them,can we put them into Chinese exactly as they actually mean.II .Characteristic Syntax of EST1.More bong and complicated Sentences 大量使用长句EST as a formal style of writing usually consists of more long and complicated sentences. When translated into Chinese,a long sentence may be cut into several parts. For example:The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led,in the first instance,to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibration but later to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.为了解释光学现象,人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相伺的物理性的介质。
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• The importance of English language in communication cannot be overestimated.
• 英语在交流中的重要性,怎么高估都不过分。 • 英语在交流中的重要性不能被过高估计。
4、科技英语翻译的方法
• 翻译的方法主要有直译和意译两种:为了把原文的意思完整且正确地 表达出来,基本上保留原文的语言形式,同时译出的文字又明白易懂, 符合语言规范,这种翻译 方法称作“直译”。然而,英语和汉语毕 竟是两种不同的语言,有时直译往往行不通。在这种情况下,译者就 要考虑怎样摆脱原文的句子结构。用不同的汉语形式来 表达原文的 意思。因此,译者必须先吃透原文,在正确理解原意的基础上,重新 遣词造句,把原文的意思用通顺的汉语表达出来,这种翻译方法称作 “意译”。意译 时,译者须把握分寸,务必把原文的意思完整而又 正确地译出来,不得随意增删内容或篡改原意,否则就会犯胡译的毛 病。 • 当然,在翻译过程中,完全用直译或完全用意译的情况不多见。 通常,能直译的地方就直译,不能直译的地方就采取意译。也就是说, 能直译尽量直译。直译的好处在于既能表达原文的意思,又能尽量保 持原文的语言风格。
否定句所表示的意思是不能按字面顺序译成汉语的,
因此,翻译时要特别注意。 • 英语中含有全体意义的代词和副词如all、every、both、
always、altogether、entire等统称为总括词。它们用
于否定结构时不是表示全部否定,而只表示其中的一 部分被否定。因此,翻译时不能译作“一切......都不”, 而应译为“并非一切......都是”,或“一切.....不都 是”。
全否定
• 一般要用“ none, no, neither”来表示, 意为 都;均。
• 普通的窗户均承受(withstand)不了这 么大的力。 None of the ordinary windows [= No ordinary windows] can withstand so large a force.
部分否定
• All of the heat supplied to the engine is not converted into useful work.
(并非供给热机的所有热量都被转为有用的功。 错译:所有供给热机的热量都没有被转变为有用 的功。)
• Every one cannot do these tests.
否定的转移
• 主句中有表示“ 相信” 、“ 认为” 等臆想动词 否定式时,一般汉译时否定在从句中。(在科技 文中不常见)
They don’ t think that this answer to the problem is right .
• It does not appear that this value satisfies the equation. 似乎值不能满足 • This computer does not seemto be so good as that one. 似乎不如那个好
第 3章
3.1 概论
科技英语的翻译
1. 翻译的定义和目的
翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达 出来,翻译的目的是使译文的读者能得到原作者所 表达的思想,得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。翻 译涉及到两种语言,而不同的语言名有不同的表达 方式,所以翻译决不是从一种语言到一种语言的简 单转换,它要求译者进行创造性的实践活动。
在含氧大气中的碳燃烧时,氧在碳界面上的扩散必须 发生在碳可以发生氧化之前。
例4:In the early days, for pressure measurement,
spatial resolutions 空间分辨率as well as vibration isolation隔振 were significant problems; however, presently the availability of highly sensitive miniature pressure transducers 传感器with acceleration have made the measurement task simpler and more reliable.
虽然石油泄漏事件过去已经发生过多次,但是直到1967年3 月托里峡谷游轮漏油灾难发生后才引起公众的关注。
例2: A major simplification in the refrigeration plant is achieved by dispensing with an expansion machine and using a simple throttle valve to obtain the reduction in pressure. 免除,使不必要
2. 翻译的标准
翻译标准是翻译实践的准则和衡量译文好坏的尺度。翻译标准有 三条: (1)准确明白。“准确”,就是说译文要准确无误地表达原文含 义,不得有错。“明白”,即要求译文不仅要忠实于原文,而且应清 楚明白地转达原文的意思,没有模糊不清之处。为此,必须正确理解 原文,使译文不产生歧义。 (2)通顺严密。“通顺”,是指译文符合汉语的语法要求、修辞 规则和通常习惯,使读者易看易懂。“严密”,是说译文语言既要通 畅又应严密,不要因为通顺而牺牲了原文的严密性。要达到此目的, 译文的选词造句要符合汉语要求;译句中的词语之间,译文的译句之 间要有呼应和关联,要逻辑清楚,层次分明,语气连贯,恰当地体现 出原文的时态、语态和语气。 (3)简练全面。“简练”,就是译文要简洁、精练,没有冗词赘 语,不重复罗嗦。“全面”,是说译文不但要尽可能简练还应该力求 全面,不能因简练而造成遗漏。这就要求翻译时在完全包容原文一切 含义的前提下不受原文结构的限制,利用适当的技巧进行翻译,从而 使译文简洁、精练、全面。
The HIGH-level output voltages for both OR and NOR(或非门) are between –0.81 and –0.96 V rather than(而不是)–0.8 V, as predicted(预计)by Eq. (2 –9).
像例2-9中预计的那样,对于OR和NOR的高水平电压输出
介于-0.81v~-0.96v之间,而不是-0.8v。
• The Maxwell relations(关系式)are not modified(修正)by relativity(相对论) as Newton’ s relations are when particle( 质点)velocities approach the speed of light .
• 如:“the newly developed picture tub” (最新研制成功的显像管)
错意为“新近被发展了的画面管”
• “a unique instant-picture system” (独特的瞬时显像装置) 错译为“独特的图像系统”。
(2)科技英语中否定句的翻译
• 在英语的否定结构中,由于习惯用法问题,其中部分
• 主句中有not [no, rather than, instead of] + as 从句或短语(或the way … ):译成 “ 并不像…那样~not后的东西”
This disease does not affect most animals as it does humans. These layers(层)are not “ stretched”(能 拉伸的)as a rubber sheet would be.
当 [这些总括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意 义的单词......]时,则是表示全部否定。
• All germs are invisible to the naked eye.(一切细菌都 是肉眼看不见的。) • Every design made by her is impossible of execution. (她所做的一切设计都是不能执行的。) • Both data are incomplete.(两个数据都不完整。) • In practice, error sometimes always seems unavoidable. (在实践中,差错有时似乎总是不可避免的。)
(并非人人都能做这些实验。 错译:每个人都不能做这些实验。)
• Both instruments are not precise.
(两台仪器并不都是精密的。 错译:两台仪器都不是精密的。)
• This parameter(参数)does not change during all time intervals. • Eq. (1 –5) cannot be satisfied by all values of x. • This plant does not always make such machine tools. (这个工厂并不总是制造这样的机床。 错译:这个工厂总是不制造这样的机床。)
例1:Although the oil spills have happened repeatedly in the past, significant public concern does not appear to have been aroused until the Torrey Canyon tanker disaster occurred in March 1967.
在早期,对于压力测量来说,空间分辨率是和隔振一样重 要的问题。然而,目前带有加速器的高敏感微型压力传感 器使压力测量变得更简单可靠。
3. 翻译的过程
(1)理解阶段。理解阶段的主要环节是辩明词义和语法关系,即正确 判断英语句子中的语言现象,分析各个句子成分的逻辑关系和句子的语 法结构,弄清词、词组、短语、从句的确切含义和句子所叙述的专业内 容,并把前后句子贯串起来理解,形成对原文的完整印象,真正掌握原 文的内容和实质。在翻译的过程中,理解是基础. (2)表达阶段。表达阶段就是在理解的基础上,以忠实于原意为前提, 灵活地运用各种适当的翻译方法和技巧,写出符合汉语规范、表达习惯 以及翻译标准的译文。在翻译的过程中,表达是关键。 (3)校核阶段。校核阶段处理解与表达的进一步深化,是对原文内容 进一步核实,对译文语言进一步推敲,使译文符合标准规范。 在翻译的 过程中,校核是保证。校核通常有以下三个步骤: ①初校:着重校核内容,在初稿译出后,对照原文进行校核, 看有没有漏译或错译之处。 ②复校:脱离原文,着重润饰文字,看译文是否符合译语的习 惯表达法,是否符合译语规范,是否通顺。 ③定稿:是在初校和复校的基础广,再次对照原文,进行一次 仔细认真的校核,如果所有的问题均已解决,译文才能定稿。