IEC61010-1新旧版标准异同性解读和讨论
【doc】IEC家电安全标准新版与其旧版及欧盟相关标准差异对照

IEC家电安全标准新版与其旧版及欧盟相关标准差异对照标准检测认证?StandardsTesting&CertificationElectr1calAPPl1ancesIEC家电安全标准新版与其旧版及欧盟相关标准差异对照刘亮冯尚斌(广东省WTO/TBT通报咨询研究中心)IEC60335一l系列标准由IEC的技术委员会TC61"家用电器和类似用途电器"制定,第5版取代了2001年公布的第4版及其分别于2004年和2006年公布的两个修订版.与第4版相比,第5版的主要变化如下:(1)对标准文本进行更新.使新版标准文本与制订标准的旧引用文献的最新版本保持一致;(2)改进了包括软件确认要求在内的使用编程模拟电子技术的功能性安全要求;(3)修订了的29条涵盖了适用于开关式电源供电线路的高频电压绝缘要求;【4)修订了的30.2条,使预选择方案进一步与最终测试方案保持一致;(5)删除了一些注释,还有许多注释都转换成了标准文本;(6)阐明了III类电器和III类组件的要求.IEC成立于1906年,作为当今世界最权威的国际标准化机构之一,负责制定电气和电子领域的国际标准,目前成员国几乎包含所有的发达国家.这些成员国拥有世界80%的人口,制造和使用的电气,电子产品占全世界产量的绝大部分.而另一方面,作为家电产品出口大省,据海关统计,2010年l一8月,广东省出口家电产品158.3亿美元,比去年同期(下同)增长29.9%,占同期我国家电出口总额的52.6%.8月份当月,广东省出口家电21.6亿美元,同比增长32.3%,增速比7月份加快了8.9个百分点.IEC此次修订家电安全标准对广东省家电行业的影响值得关注.IEC推荐各成员国最早在标准发布之日起12个月后最晚在标准发布之日起36个月内开始执行标准内容.值此新旧过渡期,各有关机构,企业应比照旧版,熟悉新版,以备应对.现将经续公司发布的该标准新版与旧版及欧盟相关标准差异对照表作一摘要,译介给读者,如需更多详细信息可与广东省WTO/TBT通报咨询研究中心联系.IEC家电安全标准新版与其l13版及欧盟相关标准差异对照表(新版标准:IEC60335—1:2010;旧版(含修订)标准:IEC60335—1:2001+A1:2004+A2:2006和欧盟标准:EN603351:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A11:2004+A12:2006+A13:2008)电源线IEC603351:2010是指预定将电器连接至固定布线,装入某电器内一间隔空间或该条与旧版3.2.7条3.2.1条者附体于某一电器的一组电线装置内容相同,但是删除IEC603351:200I+AI:2004+A2:2006可拆卸软线了"可拆软卸线"的EN603351:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+AI1:2004+用以引入电源或者互联,预定藉适配的电器耦合器连接电器的定义.AI2:2006+A13:2008可移动软线注释:除独立特低电压(SELV)下电源线外,其他情况也可能3.3.12条IEC60335l:2OlO旧版无此内容要求基本绝缘.见8.1.4条.注释l:除SELV下电源线外,其他情况也可能要求基本绝缘.参见8.1.4条.3.3.13条IEC60335一l:2Ol0注释2:如果该电器的主要零部件是在SELV下工作,并且是与旧版无此注释可拆卸电源接入元件同时交付使用的,则该电器主要零部件被认为是I类电器,或者酌情考虑为II类电器中的III类组件.3.6.6小零件是指每个表面能完全放入15mm直径的圆圈内的零件,或者某些表面在15II1m直径圆圈外,但这其中的任意一个表面都不能容纳一个8m直径的圆圈.3.6.6条IEC60335—1:2010旧版无此定义注释:一个太小以至于无法抓住同时也不可以用于灼热灯丝末梢的零件,如图5例A所示.一个够大而可以用手抓住,但还是小得不能用于灼热灯丝末梢的零件,如图5例B所示.一个不属于小零件的零件,如图5例C所示.252010.11日用电器lElectricalAppliances■标准检测认证?日用电器3.7.8有意做成的易损零件是指为在异常操作情况下断开而设计的零部件,用于防止不符合本标准情况的发生.I13版无此定义3.7.8条IEC60335~l:2O10注释:这个零部件可能是一个可更换的组件,如一个电阻器或一个电容器,或者某个可更换组件的一部分,如一个马达内的不可触及热熔丝对于配备了电压转换开关的电器,除非有其他方面的规定,测旧版无此内容5.6条IEC60335—1:2O1O试在转换开关处于额定电压位置时进行.5.13对于装有正温度系数(PTC)加热元件,加热电器以及其加热元件通过开关式电源供电的组合电器,测试都在与额定输IEC60335一l:2O10入功率相符的电压下进行.5.13条当输入功率大于额定输入功率,其电压增加的倍数等于输入功率增加倍数的平方根.IEC60335—1:2001十A1:2004+A2:20065.13对于装有PTC加热元件的电器的测试都在与额定输入功率EN60335:1:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A11:2004+相符的电压下进行.当输入功率大于额定输入功率,其电压增A12:2006+A13:2008加的倍数等于输入功率增加倍数的平方根.一III类电器的IEC604175180(2003—02)标志.对于只以电7.1条IEC60335-1:2010池(在电器外面充电的主电池或者副电池)驱动的电器,这些旧版无此条款标志不是必须的.,功能接地[IEc..一..'00.一.标志]IEC60335—1:2010◇Ⅱ电器¨髓.埔oo...旧版无此标志7.6条IEC60335一l:2001+A1:2004+A2:2006围翥操作说明So70004㈨一新版删除了此标志EN60335:l:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A11:2004+Al2:2006+A13:200813.2对于0类电器,II类电器和III类电器,其漏电流按照IEC60990图4所绘电路图测量.对于其他类别电器,可能要使用测量漏电流真实有效值(r.m.svalue)的低阻抗电流表.漏电流在电源的任一极和与金属箔连接的可接触金属零件之间测量,这块不足20cmX30cm见方的金属箔是与绝缘材料的可接IEC60335l:2010触表面连接的.在电器持续工作符合11.7条规定情况时,漏电流不能超过以下值:一II级电器0.35mA为峰值;一0级电器和III级电器0.7lnA为峰值;132条一OI级电器为0.5mA13.2漏电流按照IEC60990图4所绘电路图,在电源的任一极和与金属箔连接的可接触金属零件之间测量,这块不足20cmX30cm见方的金属箔是与绝缘材料的可接触表面连接的.IEC60335—1:2001+Al:2004+A2:2006注释l:IEC60990图4所示电压表可以用来测量电压的真实EN60335:1:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+Al1:2004+有效值(r.m.Svalue).A12:2006+Al3:2008在电器持续工作符合11.7条规定情况时,漏电流不能超过以下值:一II级电器为0.25mA一0级,OI和III级电器为0.5mA安装有电压转换开关的电器应当按照l9.15条要求进行检测.19.1及l9.15IEC60335一l:201019.15对于并入干线电压转换开关的电器,该开关设定在最低旧版无此条款条额定电压位置,同时最高额定电压值也适用.电动机驱动的电器,在适用于3O.2.3条的组合电器和利用电子19.9条IEC60335—1:2010环路保护电动机线圈的超负保护设备(通过直接对线圈感测温旧版无此条款度进行保护的设备除外)都应当符合超负运转测试要求.覆盖于金属手柄,控制板和旋钮上的绝缘材料应当能够经受IEC60335—1:201016.3条关于辅助绝缘的绝缘强度测试.22.35条IEC60335一l:2001+AI:2004+A2:2006EN60335:1:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A11:2004+注释:如果符合16.3条辅助绝缘的绝缘强度测试,则这种绝缘材料可考虑为强度足够的材料.A12:2006+Al3:2008另外,连接电器主要零件和可移动零件的内布线导线束,破23.3条IEC60335—1;2010员不能超过10%.然而,如果内布线供电电路消耗功率不超过旧版无此规定5w,则破损部位不能超过30%ElectricalAppliances1日用电器2010.1126标准检测认证?StandardsTesting&CertificationE1ectrica1APp11ances23.6当软管用作内布线辅助绝缘时,应当夹住软管两端使之保IEC603351:2010持原位或者以类似方式固定它,使之非折断或者剪断都不会移动.23.6条23.6当软管用作内接线辅助绝缘时,应当采取剐性连接措施使IEC603351:2001+A1:2004+A2:2006之固定.EN60335:l:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A1l:2004+以目测或者手动方式检查是否符合要求.A12:2006+A13:2008注释:如果非折断或者剪断都不能移动软管或者夹紧了软管两端,部视为己采取刚性连接措施固定软管.25.5条IEC60335—1:2010对于以电源软线供电和预定永久性与固定布线线路相连的多相电器,该电源软线应当使用Y型接法安装在电器上.旧版无此规定III类电器的电源软线应当足够绝缘.电源软线绝缘合格性可通过目测及度量检验是否合格,而对于包含带电零部件的III类电器的电源软线绝缘合格性通过以下25.7条IEC60335—1:2010测试校验:旧版无此规定测试在导体与缠绕于绝缘体外的金属箔之阃进行.测试适用电压500v,历时2分钟,绝缘体处于第11条测试时所测得的温度.在该测试期间没有绝缘击穿出现.28.2应当建立这样的电器连接和连续接地的连接,使得接点压力不会通过可能收缩或者变形的非瓷质绝缘材料传导,除非金属部分具有足够的弹性来抵消绝缘材料任何细微的收缩或者变IEC60335—1:2010形.当产品线路内的电器连接处于下列情况时不适用上述要求:?满足30.2.2条要求,所带电流不超过0.5A:28.2条?满足30.2.3条要求,所带电流不超过0.2A.28.2应当建立这样的电器连接和连续接地的连接,使得接点压IEC60335l:2001+A1:2004+A2:2006力不会通过可能收缩或者变形的非瓷质绝缘材料传导,除非金EN60335:l:2002+A1:2004+A2:2006+A1l:2004+属部分具有足够的弹性来抵消绝缘材料任何细微的收缩或者变形A12:2006+A13:2008注释:陶瓷材料不易收缩变形.该要求不适用于携带电流不超过0.5A的线路内电器连接.29.1.4功能绝缘电气间隙的最大值取决于一以额定冲击电压为基础的表16;一如果静态电压或者循环峰值电压的频率不超过301d]Z,则以静态电压或预期可能通过的循环峰值电压为基础的IEC60664—1标准表F.7a为准;IEC603351:201O如果静态电压或者循环峰值电压的频率超过30tdtZ,则以静态电压或预期可能通过的循环峰值电压为基础的IEC60664—4标29.1.4准的第4条为准.如果表16的值为最大,就可能需要符合第14条的冲击电压测试,除非微环境的污染指数达到3级,或者该绝缘距离受到元件组装过程中的湿度,畸变及移动影响.IEC60335—1:2001+A1:2004+A2:200629.1.4功能绝缘电气间隙值适用表16要求. EN60335:l:2002+AI:2004+A2:2006+AI1:2004+A12:2006+A13:200829.2.2辅助绝缘的爬电距离至少应当与IEC60664—4的表l7IEC60335—1:2010或表2中基本绝缘部分规定的爬电距离相符.29.2.2条IEC60335一l:2001+AI:2004+A2:200629.2.2辅助绝缘的爬电距离应当最少与表17基本绝缘规定的EN60335:1:2002+AI:2004+A2:2006+AI1:2004+爬电距离相符.AI2:2006+A13:200829.3辅助绝缘和强化绝缘应当具备足够的厚度或者足够数量的层数,以承受电器使用时可能出现的电压是否合格通过下列方式检验:一根据29.3.1条规定测量尺寸;一除非是天然云母或者类似的片状材料,当绝缘体由多于一层新版增加的最后一29.3条IEC60335—1:2010的相互独立的多层组成时,则根据29.3.2条进行耐电强度测试;项.一根据29.3.3条同时进行材料热特性评估和耐电强度测试,对于仅有一层的强化绝缘材料的可接触部件,根据29.3.4条进行测量.一像IEC60664—4关于绝缘体的子条款6.3规定的那样,适用于任何周期电压频率超过30kHz的产品.下列情况下不用进行附件E所提到的针焰测试:在用于确定类别的待测样品厚度不超过印制电路板的条件下,IEC60335—1:2010基本材料防火等级被确定为IEC60695—1卜1O所规定的V-O或30.2.4条者ISO9773所规定的VTM一0.IEC60335一I:2001+A1:2004+A2:2006下列情况无须检测:EN60335:1:2002+AI:2004+A2:2006+A11:2004+在用于确定类别的待测样品厚度不超过印制电路板的条件下,AI2:2006+A13:2008基本材料防火等级被确定为IEC60695—11—10所规定的V-O.272010.11日用电器lElectricalAppliances。
欧盟绝缘测试安规-概述说明以及解释

欧盟绝缘测试安规-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述欧盟绝缘测试安规是指欧盟对电器和电子产品的绝缘性能进行测试和要求的规定。
绝缘测试是为了确保产品在正常使用情况下不会发生漏电和触电事故,保障使用者的人身安全。
根据欧盟的相关法规和标准,所有进入欧洲市场的电器和电子产品必须符合绝缘测试的要求,通过相关安规认证后方可销售和使用。
欧盟绝缘测试安规涉及到的测试方法通常包括接地绝缘测试、耐电压测试和绝缘电阻测试等。
这些测试方法旨在确定产品是否具备足够的绝缘性能,以防止电流通过绝缘材料引起触电危险。
与此同时,欧盟也制定了一系列的测试标准,例如IEC 60335-1标准和IEC 61010-1标准等,这些标准规定了测试所需的试验条件、指标要求和测试规程,为生产企业和测试机构提供了明确的依据。
在欧盟绝缘测试安规要求中,除了对绝缘性能进行限制外,还包括一些其他要求,如产品应具备合格的材料和构造、应正确标识警示标志和安全信息等。
此外,产品的生产和测试流程也需要符合欧盟的相关法规和标准,以确保产品的安全性和合规性。
要进行欧盟绝缘测试和安规认证,需要使用特定的测试设备和工具。
绝缘测试仪器是用于测试产品的绝缘性能的设备,常见的有绝缘电阻测试仪、接地电阻测试仪等。
而安规测试设备则主要用于检测产品的安全性能,例如漏电流测试仪、耐压测试仪等。
此外,标准测试工具也是进行测试过程中必不可少的辅助工具。
综上所述,欧盟绝缘测试安规是确保欧洲市场上电器和电子产品安全性和合规性的重要要求。
详细了解并遵守欧盟的规定,对于企业生产和销售符合标准的产品,以及维护消费者权益,具有重要的意义。
1.2文章结构1.2 文章结构本文将从以下几个方面对欧盟绝缘测试安规进行介绍和分析。
首先,引言部分将概述整篇文章的内容,并明确文章的结构和目的。
接下来,正文部分将详细讨论欧盟绝缘测试和安规要求的相关内容。
其中,2.1部分将介绍欧盟绝缘测试的方法、标准和要求,包括测试方法的具体步骤、使用的测试设备和标准要求的要点。
plc测试标准en61010-2

plc测试标准en61010-2EN61010-2是测试和测量、控制、实验室设备以及家用和类似用途的电器设备的安全要求的国际标准。
本文将从标准的背景、应用范围、主要内容和要求等方面进行详细介绍,以帮助大家更好地了解和使用该标准。
一、背景EN61010-2作为IEC61010-2的欧洲版标准,是为了确保测试和测量、控制、实验室设备以及家用和类似用途的电器设备在使用过程中的安全性而制定的。
该标准被广泛应用于各个领域的设备,包括实验室、工业测试和测量设备、医疗设备以及家电等。
二、应用范围EN61010-2适用于工业、商业和家庭环境中的测试和测量设备、控制设备和实验室设备,以及类似用途的电器设备。
该标准适用于交流和直流电源电压不超过1000V的设备,以及在测量过程中产生和处理信号的设备。
三、主要内容和要求EN61010-2主要包含以下几个方面的内容和要求:1.一般要求:包括设备的电气、机械和功能安全要求,以及电气和机械结构的设计和构造要求。
2.电源要求:要求设备的电源电压符合标准规定的范围,并且具备过载和短路保护的功能。
3.过电压保护:要求设备能够在过电压情况下保护用户和设备本身的安全,例如通过使用过电压保护元件等。
4.地线连接和相对地位:要求设备具备正确的地线连接,并且防止由于电气故障引起的触电风险。
5.机械安全:要求设备在正常使用过程中不会引起人员受伤或危险,例如通过机械保护装置、警示标志等来确保设备的安全使用。
6.防护对策:要求设备具备防护措施,以防止用户接触到可能导致触电、热危险或其他危险的零部件。
7.电磁兼容性:要求设备的电磁辐射和抗扰度符合标准规定的要求,以确保设备在正常使用过程中不会对周围环境和其他设备造成电磁干扰。
8.安全标志:要求设备必须标明安全警示标志,以提醒用户对设备进行正确和安全的操作。
以上是EN61010-2标准的主要内容和要求。
遵循该标准可以帮助厂商和用户确保设备在使用过程中的安全性,并最大程度地降低事故和风险发生的可能性。
EMCIEC61000_3_2_2014新旧版本差异

EMCIEC61000_3_2_2014新旧版本差异Standard update instructionDate: 2015-03-18The IEV 61000-3-2:2014 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:A) A clarification of the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements;B) A more accurate specification of the general test conditions for information technology equipment;C) The addition of optional test conditions for information technology equipment with external power supplies or battery chargers;D) The addition of a simplified test method for equipment that undergoes minor changes or updates;E) An update of the test conditions for washing machines;F) A clarification of the requirements for class c equipment with active input power ≤ 25 w;G) An update of the test conditions for audio amplifiers;H) A clarification of the test conditions for lamps;I) An update of the test conditions for vacuum cleaners;J) The addition of test conditions for high pressure cleaners;K) An update of the test conditions for arc welding equipment;L) The reclassification of refrigerators and freezers with variable-speed drives into class d;M) The addition of test conditions for refrigerators and freezers.ITEM IEC 61000-3-2/A2:2009 IEC 61000-3-2:2014A clarification of the repeatability and reproducibility ofmeasurementsA 6.2.3.1 RepeatabilityThe repeatability of the measurements shall be better than ±5 %, when the following conditions are met:– the same equipment under test (EUT) (not another of the same type, however similar it may be);– identical test conditions;– the same test system;– identical climatic conditions, if relevant.NOTE This repeatability requirement serves the purpose of definingthe necessary observation period, see 6.2.4. It is not intended toserve as a pass/fail criterion for the assessment of compliancewith the requirements of this standard.3.19repeatability of results of measurements closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the same equipment under test, carried out with the same test system, at the same location, under identical test conditions[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-38, modified1)]3.20reproducibility of results of measurements closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the same equipment under test, carried out with different test systems under conditions of measurement intended to be the same in each caseNote 1 to entry: The test system and test conditions are assumed to fulfil all normative requirements in the standards.[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-39, modified]6.2.3.1 RepeatabilityThe repeatability (see 3.19) of the average value for the individual harmonic currents over the entire test observation period shall be better than ±5 % of the applicable limit, when the following conditions are met:– the same equipment under test (EUT) (not another of the same type, however similar);– identical test conditions;– the same test system;– identical climatic conditions, if relevant.NOTE This repeatability requirement serves the purpose of defining the necessary observation period, see 6.2.4. It is not intended to serve as a pass/fail criterion for the assessment of compliance with the requirements of this standard.6.2.3.2 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility (see 3.20) of measurements on the same EUT with different test systems cannot be definitively calculated so as to apply to all possible combinations of EUT, harmonics meter and test supply, but can be estimated to be better than ± (1 % + 10 mA), where the 1 % is 1 % of the average value of the total input current taken over the entire test observation period. Therefore, differences in results which are less than that value of current are deemed negligible, but in some casesa higher value may occur.For the avoidance of doubt in such cases, test results, obtained at different locations or on different occasions, that show that all the relevant limits are met shall be accepted as demonstrating compliance, even though the results may differ more than the values for repeatability and reproducibility, givenabove.NOTE The variability (see 3.21) of measurements on different EUTs of the same type, having no intentional differences, can be increased by practical component tolerances and other effects, such as possible interactions between the characteristics of the EUT and the measuring instrument or the power supply. The results of these effects cannot be quantified in this standard, for the same reasons as for reproducibility. The second paragraph of6.2.3.2 also applies in the case of variability.A regulatory concession in respect of limit values to allow for possible variability is recommended but outside thescope of this standard.A more accurate specification of the general test conditions for information technology quipmentB C.10 Test conditions for information technologyequipment (ITE)ITE is tested with the equipment configured to its ratedcurrent. In this case, the equipment, if necessary, may beconfigured with its power supplies loaded with additionalload (resistive) boards to simulate rated current conditions.C.10 Test conditions for information technology equipment (ITE)C.10.1 General conditions ITE(including personal computers) which is marketed without “factory-fitted options” and without expansion slot capabilities is tested as supplied. ITE, other than personal computers, which is marketed with “factory-fitted options” or has expansion slots, is tested with additional loads in each expansion slot that result in the maximum power consumption attainable using the “factory-fitted options” specified by the manufacturer.For the testing of personal computers with up to 3 expansionslots, load cards configured for the maximum permitted power for each expansion slot shall be added to each respective expansion slot.For the testing of personal computers with more than 3 expansion slots, additional load cards shall be installed at the rate of at least one load card for each group of up to 3 additional slots (i.e. for 4, 5 or 6 slots a total of at least 4 load cards shall be added. For 7, 8 or 9 slots a total of at least 5 load cards shall be added, etc.).Modular equipment, such as hard drive arrays and network servers, are tested in their maximum configuration.In all configurations, the use of additional load cards shall not cause the total DC output power available to be exceeded.NOTE 1 The above does not mean that multiple options of the same type, such as more than one hard drive, should be fitted, unless that is representative of the user configuration, or the product is of a type (such as Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)) for which such a configuration is not abnormal.NOTE 2 Common load cards for expansion slots such as PCI or PCI-2 are configured for 30 W but may be adjusted as industry standards change.Emission tests shall be conducted with the user’s operation controls or automatic programs set to the mode expected to produce the maximum total harmonic current (THC) under normal operating conditions.Power saving modes which may cause large power level fluctuations shall be disabled, so that all, or part, of the equipment does not automatically switch off during the measurements.The addition of optional test conditions for informationtechnology equipment with external powersupplies or battery chargersC NONEC.10.2 Optional conditions for measuring emissions of IT equipment with external powersupplies or battery chargersFor IT equipment with external power supplies or battery chargers, manufacturers may chooseeither to test the whole equipment according to C.10.1 (General conditions),or to test the equipment by measuring the AC input power and the harmonic emissions of theassociated power supply or battery charger according to 6.2.2 with the DC output side loaded by aresistive load, provided that, with the resistive load applied, the peak-to-peak ripple voltageacross the load is not greater than 5 % of the DC output voltage.The resistance value of the load shall be such that the active power dissipated in the load isequal to the DC output power rating, or, if that is not available, to the DC output voltage ratingmultiplied by the DC output current rating marked on the power supply/battery charger unit.Power supply/battery charger units whose AC input power measured according to 6.2.2 under theabove load conditions is 75 W or less are deemed to conform without further testing, asspecified in Clause 7.ITEM IEC 61000-3-2/A2:2009 IEC 61000-3-2:2014The addition of a simplified test method for equipment that undergoes minor changes or updatesD Asymmetrical controls according to IEC 60050-161, 161-07-12 and half-wave rectification directly on the mainssupply may only be used in the following circumstances: Asymmetrical controls according to IEV 161-07-12 and half wave rectification directly on the mains supply may only be used in the following circumstances:An update of the test conditions for washing machines E The same as old versionA clarification of the requirements for Class C equipment with active input power ≤ 25 WF b) Active input power ≤25 W b) Active input power ≤ 25 WIf the discharge lighting equipment has a built-in dimming device, measurement is made only inthe full load condition.ITEM IEC 61000-3-2/A2:2009 IEC 61000-3-2:2014An update of the test conditions for audio amplifiers G The same as old versionA clarification of the test conditions for lamps H The same as old versionAn update of the test conditions for vacuum cleanersI C.7 Test conditions for vacuum cleanersDuring the test observation period, which shall not be shorter than6 min, vacuum cleaners with electronic control are tested inthree modes of operation, each for an identical time interval, with the control adjusted:– to maximum input power,– to a firing-angle of 90° ± 5°, or, if controlled by steps, tothatstep closest to 90°,– and to minimum input power.NOTE Alternatively, the equipment may be tested for 3 identical timeintervals –each at least 2 min long –during which the vacuum cleaneris operated in the above three modes. These 3 time intervals need not beconsecutive,but the application of limits is done as if the intervalswere consecutive, without taking into account harmonic currentvalues outside these 3 intervals.C.7 Test conditions for vacuum cleanersVacuum cleaners with electronic control shall be tested in three modes of operation, each for an identical time interval that is at least 2 min long, with the control adjusted:– to maximum input power,–to 50 % ± 5 % of the maximum active input power, or, if that is not possible (e.g. controlled in steps), to the point closest to 50 % that is supported by the equipment design,– and to minimum input power.These three time intervals need not be consecutive, but the application of limits according to 6.2.3.4 is done as if the intervals were consecutive. In that case, the entire test observation period is made up of the three identical time intervals, without taking into account harmonic current values outside these three intervals.The addition of test conditions for high pressure cleanersJ None C.15 Test conditions for high pressure cleaners which are not professional equipmentThe high pressure cleaner is adjusted according to normal operation as defined in IEC 60335-2-79 except for the electronic power control.High pressure cleaners with electronic power control shall be tested in three modes ofoperation, each for an identical time interval that is at least 2 min long, with the controladjusted:– to maximum input power,–to 50 % ± 5 % of the maximum active input power, or, if that is not possible (e.g. controlled insteps), to the point closest to 50 % that is supported by the equipment design,– and to minimum input power.These three time intervals need not be consecutive, but the application of limits according to6.2.3.4 is done as if the intervals were consecutive. In that case, the entire test observationperiod is made up of the three identical time intervals, without taking into account harmoniccurrent values outside these three intervals.update of the test conditions for arc welding equipmentk C.14 Test conditions for arc welding equipment which is not professional equipmentThe arc welding power source is connected to a conventional load, which isadjusted in accordance with Table C1. The equipment is tested at the loadcurrent given by the maximum size of the rated electrode as specified by themanufacturer.C.14 Test conditions for arc welding equipment which is not professional equipmentTesting shall be carried out at an ambient temperature between 20 °C and 30 °C. The test shall be started with the arc welding power source at ambient temperature. The arc welding power source shall be connected to a conventional load. It shall be operated at the rated maximum welding current I2max and conventional load voltage given in Table C.1. The observation period shall be 10 thermal cycles (for short cyclic equipment where the first thermal cycle is less than or equal to 2,5 min) or one full thermal cycle (for long cyclic equipment where the first thermal cycle is greater than 2,5 min). Multi-process arc welding power sources shall be tested using the process which gives the highest input current. The definitions for conventional load, I2max, I2 and U2 are given in IEC 60974-1.The reclassification of refrigerators and freezers with variable-speed drives into Class DL Class D:Equipment having a specified power according to 6.2.2 less than orequal to 600 W, of the following types:– personal computers and personal computer monitors;– television receivers.Class D:Equipment having a specified power according to 6.2.2 less than or equal to 600 W, of the following types:– personal computers and personal computer monitors;– television receivers;–refrigerators and freezers having one or more variable-speed drives to control compressor motor(s)..ITEM IEC 61000-3-2/A2:2009 IEC 61000-3-2:2014The addition of test conditions for refrigerators and freezers.M None C.16 Test conditions for refrigerators and freezersC.16.1 GeneralRefrigerators and freezers shall be tested with an empty cabinet. The temperature control shall be adjusted to the lowest setting. The measurement shall be started after the internal temperature has been stabilised.NOTE Stabilisation of the temperature can alternatively be deduced, for example, from the input power going into a low power mode.When the measurement is started, the ambient temperature shall be between 20 °C and 30 °C. During the test the ambient temperature shall be maintained within ±2 °C.C.16.2 Refrigerators and freezers with VSDThe observation period shall be one hour. A few seconds after starting the measurement, all doors and further internal compartments shall be fully opened for 60 s and then closed again and kept closed for the rest of the observation period.NOTE 1 A timing accuracy of ± 6 s is deemed to be sufficient for the targeted measurement repeatability, see Note 3 below.Deviating from 6.2.2, the value of the input power to be used for the calculation of limits shall be determined according to the formula below:Pi = 0,78 × Im × UrwherePi is the active input power in watts, to be used for the calculation of Class D limits (see Table 3);Im is the current in amperes of the appliance measured according to IEC 60335-2-24, 10.2;Ur is the rated voltage in volts of the appliance. If the appliance has a rated voltage range, Ur has the value that has been used formeasuring Im.NOTE 2 Pi is used for the calculation of limits instead of the measured active input power to eliminate theinfluence of other loads than the VSD, e.g. lighting devices or heating elements for defrosting, on the limitcalculation. This also increases the repeatability of the measurement.NOTE 3 The 5 % repeatability, mentioned in 6.2.3.1, can be achieved only if the climatic conditions are strongly controlled and,for each test, the measurement is started at the same point in the control cycle of the EUT. If these conditions are not fulfilled, the repeatabilityof the average value of the individual harmonic currents over the entire test observation period can be as much as 10 % of the applicablelimit.C.16.3 Refrigerators and freezers without VSDRefrigerators and freezers without any variable speed drive to control compressor motor(s) are tested according to Class A limitsin a representative 2,5 min observation period according to Table 4 for long cyclic equipment.。
IEC 61010-1:2010体外诊断设备电击防护要求分析

IEC 61010-1:2010体外诊断设备电击防护要求分析张文忠;刘继广;林联君;邵秀稳;邓振进;邱栋梁【摘要】目的:探讨体外诊断设备的防电击要求,帮助制造商理解以便合理地设计相关产品.方法:介绍IEC 61010-1:2010标准的要求,分析各种电击防护措施,阐述保护接地阻抗防电击的原理,并引入实例分析全自动生化分析仪采样针的电击防护措施,解析其设计是否存在电击危害.结果:虽然采样针不满足保护接地和双重绝缘/加强绝缘的要求,但在基本绝缘失效时采样针不会危险带电,可判定采样针的结构设计满足标准要求.结论:只有对标准进行全面深入的了解,识别出产品内部的危险带电部件,并逐一进行防电击措施的分析,才能对防电击的要求做出正确的判断.%Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of thestandard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.【期刊名称】《医疗卫生装备》【年(卷),期】2017(038)011【总页数】4页(P79-82)【关键词】IEC61010-1:2010;体外诊断设备;电击防护;保护接地;采样针【作者】张文忠;刘继广;林联君;邵秀稳;邓振进;邱栋梁【作者单位】510663 广州,广东省医疗器械质量监督检验所;518057 广东深圳,国家医用诊断仪器工程技术研究中心可靠性检测实验室;310018 杭州,浙江省医疗器械检验院;510663 广州,广东省医疗器械质量监督检验所;410001 长沙,湖南省医疗器械与药用包装材料(容器)检测所;518057 广东深圳,深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R318.6;TH776GB 4793.1—2007(等同 IEC 61010-1:2001)是我国现行的体外诊断设备通用安全标准。
浅析标准IEC61010-2-081

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产品设计应如何满足CSA/UL 61010标准
电子知识CSA/UL/IEC 61010系列标准适用于实验室设备、测量仪器以及生产流程控制仪器。
该CSA/UL61010标准基于IEC61010标准,由CSA、ISA和UL共同制定,被指定为美国和加拿大的国家标准。
本文从生厂商的角度出发,意图帮助他们更好理解这个标准及相关要求,清楚产品设计制造过程中应注意的问题,使产品的测试认证流程更为顺畅,确保产品的及时上市。
61010系列标准概述与其他很多针对家用产品的标准不同,61010系列标准一般为面向专业、工业流程和教育的电气设备,具体的说,可以分为如下三类:? 测试和测量设备:如信号发生器、光谱分析仪和万用表等;? 流程控制设备:如由输入的变量来控制的水泵控制器,流水线控制设备;? 实验室设备:如气体色谱仪,消毒柜和体外检测设备(IVD)61010系列标准共有三个版本,分别为IEC 61010-1:2001, MOD, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04(第二版),以及UL 61010-1 (第二版)。
IEC 61010-1:2001是最原始的标准,后两个为根据其演化而来。
其中CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04加入了针对加拿大市场特殊情况的修订内容,UL 61010-1加入了针对美国市场特殊情况的修订内容。
这几个版本的61010系列标准都可以分为三个部分,第一部分为适用于各种产品的通用要求;第二部分为针对特殊设备的个别要求,如61010-2-010 加热材料;第三部分为针对特殊设备的独立标准,如61010-031手持探针组件。
设备上的标识要求标识是设备不可缺少的说明性部分,生产商需要确保标识从外部可见,并且不在可移走的部分。
除了手持设备或者因为空间有限等原因,标识不应在底部(表一为常见的标识图解)。
标识一共有两种类型,分别为一般标示和警告标示。
表一:常见标识及说明一般性标示:? 识别性,一般为生产商的名字或者标志;? 电源额定输入;? 可替换保险丝:为操作者标示正确的替换信息;? 接线端和操作装置;? 开关和断路器;? 双重绝缘或者加强绝缘设备以及现场接线盒。
API 610标准第十版与第十一版变更内容对比
b) 在螺栓连接位置应留出适当的空间,以便于使用套筒扳手或其他扳手。 c) 除非另行规定,否则要求使用六角螺栓。 d) 紧固件直径不应低于 12mm。 e) 紧固件在 10mm 直接的双头螺柱的一端和 6mm 直径的螺栓头部应有材料等级
和制造厂标识符号。如果可用面积不足,等级符号可以标在一端,而制造 厂标志可以标于另一端。双头螺柱可标在裸露的一端上。 f) 不应采用公制细牙螺纹和统一标准的细牙螺纹。 V11-6.1 概述部分除了上述内容另外增加规定如下: 6.1.29.2 当按照 ASME B1.1 的规定执行时,螺纹的类型应是收敛型的 UNC。对于螺 柱、螺母螺纹等级应是 2 级。对于其它的螺纹应是 2 级或 3 级。 6.1.29.3 当按 ISO 261, ISO 262 规定执行时,螺柱和螺钉的螺纹公差应该是 6g, 螺母的螺纹公差应该是 6H. 2.压力泵壳 V10- 5.3.9 除非另行规定,如果规定的工况属于下列任何一种情况,则必须使用 径向剖分的泵。 a)如果泵送介质温度高于 200℃(如果泵可能遭到热冲击,则应当考虑更低的温度
4
二.检查、试验和发货前的准备工作
1.材料的检查
V10 7.2.2.1 应根据材料规范的要求做无损探伤检验。如果对焊缝或买方规定的材料做附
加 RT、UT、MT、PT 探伤,检查的方法和验收标准应符合表 13 中所列标准内容。为此, 可以使用附录 N 中的焊接和材料检查数据表。 V11 在某些场合强制要求探伤
内表面
辅助流程管 路的承插焊
接
辅助流程管 路的对焊焊
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VI VI VI,+5%RT
新旧版本标准差异
序号标准章节号序号名称旧标准要求内容新标准要求内容差异试验试验收费1 第2章 1 规范性引用文件删除了对GB4706.24 以及GB8898 的引用增加了对IEC 60268-1:1985、IEC 61000-3-12以及建议书 ITU-R BT.471-1 的引用。
\ \2 第3章 2 术语与定义\ 增加了“总谐波”、“总谐波畸变率”、“测量结果的重复性”、“测量结果的复现性”、“测量结果的可变性”的定义\ \3 3 3.14.2总谐波畸变率 total harmonic distortion,THD,所有谐波分量有效值(本部分为2次~40次谐波电流分量Ih)与基波电流有效值之比。
\ \4 4 3.19测量结果的重复性 repeatability of results ofmeasurements,在同一地点以及同一试验条件下,采用同一试验系统,对同一台受试设备进行谐波电流测量所得结果之间的一致性。
[IEV 394-40-38,修改采用]\ \5 5 3.20测量结果的复现性 reproducibility of results ofmeasurements对于每次测量,拟在相同的测量条件下,采用不同的试验系统,对同一台受试设备进行谐波电流测量所得结果之间的一致性。
[IEV 394-40-39,修改采用]注:假设试验系统和试验条件满足标准中的全部规范性要求。
\ \6 6 3.21测量结果的可变性variability of results ofmeasurements,对于每次测量,无有意差异,拟在相同的测量条件下,采用不同的试验系统,对同型号的不同受试设备进行谐波电流测量,所得结果之间的一致性。
\ \7 第6章7 通用要求\ 增加了允许使用简化试验方法的条件及要求(见第6章)。
本章规定的要求和限值适用于准备接入到220/380V,频率为50Hz供电系统的设备电源输入端。
经过少量改变或升级的设备,只要在原先完整的符合性试验中,设备的电流发射低于相应限值的60%,并且供电电流的THD小于15%,则可采用简化的试验方法。
IEC61010-1-2001与GB4793.1-1995差异性分析
第3章 术语和定义
3.5.6 电源电路 mains circuit
预定要与电网电源连接的、为设备提供 电力的电路。
注:测量电路和利用感应原理从电网电源电路 获得供电的电路不属于电网电源电路。 3.5.13 责任者 responsible body
第6章 防电击
1、判定零部件是否为可触及零部件(6.2)标 、判定零部件是否为可触及零部件(6.2)标 准增加了: 对于对地电压超过有效值1kV或直流值 对于对地电压超过有效值1kV或直流值 1.5kV的危险带电零部件,如果试验指或试 1.5kV的危险带电零部件,如果试验指或试 验针靠近该危险带电零部件的距离小于该 工作电压的基本绝缘的相应电气间隙,则 认为该零部件是可触及的。
第6章 防电击
3、保护连接(6.5.1) 增加了两个内容: 、保护连接(6.5.1) -保护连接的完整性(6.5.1.1),共介绍了a)-h)8 保护连接的完整性(6.5.1.1),共介绍了a)类措施来保证保护连接的完整性,详见标准。 -保护导体端子(6.5.1.2),分别规定了a)-j)10 保护导体端子(6.5.1.2),分别规定了a)个保护导体端子应满足的要求,并列出表2 个保护导体端子应满足的要求,并列出表2规定了 螺钉组件的拧紧扭矩,详见标准。 4、增加电源的自动断开(6.5.4),同时删去原标 、增加电源的自动断开(6.5.4),同时删去原标 准此条款的内装设备。 5、增加供绞合导体用的可触及端子(6.6.4)。 、增加供绞合导体用的可触及端子(6.6.4)。
第6章 防电击
2、可触及零部件电压的允许限值(6.3)
IEC61010 正常条件下 正常环境 潮湿场所 单一故障条件 下 正常环境 潮湿场所 33Vr.m.s或46.7Vpeak或 33Vr.m.s或46.7Vpeak或70Vd.c. 16Vr.m.s或22.6Vpeak或 16Vr.m.s或22.6Vpeak或25Vd.c 55Vr.m.s或78Vpeak或 55Vr.m.s或78Vpeak或140Vd.c. 33Vr.m.s或46.7Vpeak或 33Vr.m.s或46.7Vpeak或70Vd.c. GB4793 30Vr.m.s或42.4Vpeak或 30Vr.m.s或42.4Vpeak或60Vd.c. 无 50Vr.m.s或70Vpeak或120Vd.c. 50Vr.m.s或70Vpeak或 无