Alliteration头韵
alliteration 头韵
沉默是金, 言语是银
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Alliteration in proer和silence三个单词 中连用摩擦音/s/ 读起来音律流畅,节奏明 快 ,深入人心
• In poetry, sometimes it adds to the spoken form of a poem as well (many poets consider the spoken form of a poem part of the art)
头韵的修辞效果
• 运用得当的头韵可产生特殊的音响效果，使文字节奏和谐、音 • 韵铿锵、形式对称、读起来朗朗上口 • 运用得当的头韵具有回环美，可增添语言的形象性和感染力 • 运用得当的头韵可使语言色彩鲜明，悦耳愉目，耐人寻味
禁果格外甜。 安然无恙 静以修身 海纳百川。 情人眼里出西施。
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More example
A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终
定义
• 头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音 相同的单词。
• 不发字母本音的在字母不构成头韵。例如，physical pain就不是头韵，因为physical中的字母p不发其本音 /p/。
• Alliteration主要是词首元音的重复，词首辅音的重复 和辅音连缀的重复三种形式。
常见头韵词和头韵短语(alliteration phrase)
• safe and sound • fair and square • part and parcel • hide and hair • scrape and screw • green as grass • clear as crystal • right as rain
alliteration 头韵
Alliteration in poem
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诗歌是诗人情感和思想的凝结，通过内容
和韵律带给读者美的感受。诗歌悦耳动听 的音律和节奏感给人以气韵回荡，语音缭 绕的美感。英语头韵发轫于诗歌，被界定 为英诗本体的一部分 。
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Alliteration in poem
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Usages
1
Alliteration in proverb
2 Alliteration in advertisement
3
Alliteration in poem
4
5
Alliteration in speech
Alliteration in tittles
Alliteration
What is alliteration
• Alliteration (also known as ‘head rhyme’
or ‘initial rhyme’) is a literary or rhetorical stylistic device that consists in repeating the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in close succession.
禁果格外甜。 安然无恙 静以修身 海纳百川。 情人眼里出西施。
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More example A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终 A friend without faults will never be found 没有十全十美的朋友 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 听宜敏捷，言宜缓行。
Alliteration头韵
相似或元音相同但是前后辅音不同,相邻词的 音节中对相似元音的重复，也可表现为同一 字母在不同单词中所发元音的重复.
Function ：
Assonance is one of the important phonetic rhetorical devices which is often used to increase rhythm and expressiveness of a writing.
15. Come to Court 上庭
16. Hellfire from the Heave 天上的地狱之火
17. Weather and Worries 天气变化引起的担 忧
18. Dare Devil Who Dared 胆大包天的人
29. Dying with Dignity “ 尊严死”
20. Chalk Goes up against Cheese 相差甚 远
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲. 9.The large black cat jumped onto the table.
[ae] 一只大黑猫跳上了桌子。 10.The glass hardly fell off the table when
Jack grasped it. 玻璃杯刚掉下桌就被杰克一把抓住。 11.Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
The main rhetoric function of alliteration is to increase the rhythm of language, besides which, alliteration is sometimes used to imitate some sound in life to make the language more vivid and impressive.
元音韵的英语例子
元音韵的英语例子摘要：本文简要介绍了英语中的押韵现象，从押韵的分类入手，即从头韵、类韵和尾韵的构成谈起，集结了日常生活中很多充满趣味性的押韵实例来说明押韵在英文诗歌、绕口令、新闻报刊、广告、习语等不同文体中的广泛应用。
关键词：头韵；类韵；尾韵英语作为拼音文字，其音韵美是显而易见的，但音韵美的形成，在很大程度上得益于三大利器：头韵（Alliteration），类韵（Assonance）和尾韵(end-rhyme)。
头韵，类韵及尾韵在英语中的运用可谓不胜枚举，以下便对这三种类型的押韵现象作简要分析：一、Alliteration 头韵Alliteration一词源于拉丁语――lettera, 其意思是“在同一字母上的重复和游戏”。
Cuddon的《文学术语词典》给予alliteration的定义是“A figure of speech in which consonants, esp., at the beginning of words, or stressed syllables are repeated.”（一种特别是在词语开头的辅音韵或强调音节反复的修辞手段）。
《美国传统词典》也把alliteration 定义为“The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables.”（在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复）。
可见，头韵是指句子或一组词中，同一开头字母的重复。
头韵是古英诗中极为盛行的主要押韵形式，它甚至还早于脚韵(rhyme)。
直到14世纪乔叟(G. Chaucer 1340-1400)创造了以foot（音步）为主的格律诗，头韵才在古英诗中渐渐失宠，逐渐被广泛运用到加强语言的特殊修辞效果上去。
英国文学最全名词解释
英国文学最全名词解释名词解释1、Alliteration(头韵) It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. It usually have a caesura in the middle and two stresses (or accents) in each half. The number of unstressed syllables in the two halves may vary. Yet, the same consonant is repeated at the beginning of the accented syllables, either twice in the first half of the verse line and once in the second half, or vice versa. Or we can say there are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. Alliteration makes Anglo-Saxon poetry very musical in sound and acts almost the same part that rhyme plays in later poetry. English poets till today still love to use alliteratione.g. “True is the tale (caesura) I tell of my travels,/ Sing of my seafaring (caesura) sor rows and woes.2、Blank verse无韵诗，素体诗（不押韵的五音步诗行）: also called unrhymed poetry, has been the dominant verse form of English drama and narrative poetry since the mid-sixteenth century. In 1540, from Italy, this verse form was brought into English literature by the poet Henry Howard (Earl of Surrey), who first used it in his translation of The Aeneid.Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter. It is a very flexible English verse form which can attain rhetorical grandeur while echoing the natural rhythms of speech. It was first used by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and soon became a popular form fornarrative and dramatic poetry.E.g. Paradise Lost by Milton3、Comedy of humours: The comedy of humours is a genre of dramatic comedy that focuses on a character or range of characters, each of whom exhibits two or more overriding traits or 'humours' that dominates their personality, desires and conduct. the English playwrights Ben Jonson and George Chapman popularized the genre in the closing years of the sixteenth century. In the later half of the seventeenth century, it was combined with the comedy of manners in Restoration comedy.In which the prevailing eccentricities and ruling passions of character are exposed to ridicule and satireE.g. Every Man in His HumourEvery Man out of His Humour4、Dramatic monologue：a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent ‘audience’of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet‘s own thoughts; this distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a lyric，while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.E.g. My Last Duchess by Browning5、Epic (史诗)appeared in the the Anglo-Saxon Period It is a narrative of heroic action, often with a principal hero, usually mythical in its content, grand in its style, offering inspiration and ennoblement within a particular culture or national tradition. A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple,but full of magnificence. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people, are also called epic.E.g. Beowulf ( the pagan异教徒secular(非宗教的) poetry)Iliad 《伊利亚特》Odyssey《奥德赛》Paradise Lost 《失乐园》The Divine Comedy《神曲》6、Gothic Novels tales of macabre, fantastic and supernatural happenings, set in haunted castles, graveyards, ruins and wild landscapes and often with a weak or innocent heroine going through some horrible experiences. Derives its name from similarities to Medieval(中古的,中世纪) Gothic architecture.A thriller designed not only toterrify or frighten the audience, but to convey a sense of moral failure or spiritual darkness. The Gothic in England begins with The Castle of Otranto in 1760, by Horace Walpole, which emphasized the supernatural mixed with the grotesque in a medieval setting.E.g. Anne Radcliffe in Mysteries of UdolphoFrankenstein(1817) by Mary Shelley7、Heroic Couplet(英雄双韵体)Heroic couplet refers to the rhymed couplet in iambic pentameter Heroic couplets are lines of iambic pentameter that rhyme in pairs (aa, bb, cc). The Heroic Couplet: 1) It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, in other words, it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2) The rhymeis masculine. 3) Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer.E.g. Cooper's Hillby by John Denham(德纳姆)8、Iambic pentameter: a verse lines of feet of the iambic rhythmIambic(adjective of iambus): a metrical foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. (cf. Trochaic/trochee: a metrical foot consisting of one stressedsyllable followed by an unstressed one)Pentameter: a verse line of 5 feet.E.g. sonnet 18 by Shakespeare9、Ode：a poem intended or adapted to be sung in the ancient time, but a rhymed lyric poem often of an address in the modern times, with dignified and exalted or simple and familiar subjects. a long lyric poem, serious and dignified in subject, tone and style, sometimes with an elaborate stanzaic structure, often written to commemorate or celebrate an event or individual. Representative poets: Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats Representative：Ode to Psyche, Ode to a Nightingale10、Romance: a medieval tale based on legend, chivalric love and adventures, or a prose narrative treating imaginary characters involved heroic, adventurous, or mysterious events remote in time and place. It became a popular form of literature. The plots of romance tend to be complex, with uprising and even magical actions common.e.g. The Tempest by Shakespeare11、Sonnet：a poem consisting of 14 lines of 10 syllables each in English (11 syllables in Italian and12 syllables in French)The English sonnet: a sonnet of 14 iambic pentameter lines divided into an octave and sestet rhyming abba abba cde cde (or other rhymes in the sestet)The Shakespearian sonnet: a sonnet of 14 iambic pentameter lines divided into a 12-line unit followed by a 2-line conclusion rhyming abab cdcd efef ggE.g. sonnet 18 by Shakespeare12、Three unities （三一律）: referring to the rules set by Aristotle for tragedy which are observedin Greek tragedies and Neoclassic drama, that is a tragedy must have one single action which takes place within one day and in one place. It required that the events of a play not exceeda single day (time), be confined to a single location or to several locations within a small area (pla ce), and not have subplots (action). It is term given by Aristotle and strictly adhered in 17th Franc e and then over Europe.e.g. Cid by Pierre Corneille13、Topographical poetry: a local poetry focusing on the presentation of landscapes and praising particular parks, estates and gardens. The emergence of this kind of poetry of which can be traced to the 1730s and was defined by Dr Johnson as “local poe try, of which the fundamental object is some particular landscape.e.g. The Seasons by James Thomson14、Graveyard Poets: This group of poets mainly comprises Thomas Parnell, Edward Young, Robert Blair and Thomas Gray. They wrote melancholy poems, often with the poet meditating on human mortality problems at night or in a graveyard. Gray is the most representative and successful among them and his poem Elegy written in a Country Church-yard is partly responsible for this group to be named graveyard poets.15、Metaphysical Poetry: Metaphysical poetry is defined as poetry dating from the 17th century in Britain that has an abstract and ethereal style. Such poetry used a variety of form and structures, but employed similar styles. The term was first coined by John Dryden in 1693 when he described a poem by John Donne as affecting “the metaphysical.” It was later popularized by Samuel Johnson in 1781.e.g. The flea by John Donne16、Allegory A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, orsettings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is astory with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.Allegory is generally treated as a figure of rhetoric, but an allegory does nor have to be expressed in language: it may be addressed to teh eye, and is often found in realistic painting, sculpture or some other form of mimetic, or represent are.The etylmological meaning of the word is broader than the common use of the word. Though it is similar to other rhetorical comparisons. An allegory is sustained lnger and more fully in its details than a metaphor, and appeals to imagination, while an analogy appeals to reason or logical. The fable or parable is a short allegory with one definite moral.E.g. The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan。
头韵Alliteration
Definition
• Repetition of an initial sound, usually of a consonant or cluster, in two or more words of a phrase, line of poetry, etc. ----Webster’s New World Dictionary • Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound in several words close together in a sentence or in a line. ----Writing Essays About Literature
【例18】As many as 15,000 doctors now rely on cosmetics surgery for a fair chunk of their income---and they are allowed to advertise aggressively. 【译文】目前多达一万五千名医生依靠整容手术赚取相当 丰厚的收入，而且他们还可以大肆做广告。 【例19】To many parents, the three Gs----gays, guns, and gangs----have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of school life. 【译文】对许多父母来说，同性恋、枪支和帮派这三个词 已经代替了读、写和算，成为学校生活的基准尺 度。
Alliteration
头韵
Alliteration 头韵
Alliteration 头韵
• Today alliteration is used widely, not only in poetry and prose and proverbs and idioms, but also in journalism, especially in the title of a book and headline of news and advertising. As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant eeneration of soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen have volunteered in the time of certain danger. They are part of the finest fighting force that the world has ever known. They have served tour after tour of duty in distant, different, and difficult places...They are men and women -- white, black, and brown -- of all faiths and all stations -- all Americans, serving together to protect our people, while giving others half a world away the chance to lead a better life....In today’s wars, there's not always a simple ceremony that signals our troops’ success -- no surrender papers to be signed, or capital to be claimed....” -- Barack Obama, Fort Hood Memorial Service Speech
alliiterate押头韵
美国诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）在孩提时代曾爱上同学的妈妈，创作了他自己形容为“lines written, in my passionate boyhood, to the first, purely ideal love of my soul”（写作于我激情的儿童时期，献给我灵魂的第一位纯洁而又理想的爱人）的短诗《致海伦》（To Helen）。
诗歌一开始就把那女子称为美人海伦，说在诗人眼里，她的美就像古时凯旋的多桅帆船(barks of yore), 缓缓地经过香海，将游子带回家乡。
诗文是这样写的：“Helen, thy beauty is to me / Like those Nicean barks of yore, / That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,/The weary, way-worn wanderer bore/ To his own native shore”，这里，weary, way-worn wanderer（饱受泊之苦的疲惫的游子）,是三个w 开头的押头韵例子。
英语中三个w开头的押头韵例子还有英国诗人雪莱名诗西风颂》那气势磅礴起首句： O Wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being（啊，狂野的西风，你是秋日的气息）。
在莎士比亚的作品中，押头韵的例子比比皆是：crafty confusion（装糊涂），for the fantasy of fame （为虚名），delight and dole (喜与悲)，painted pomp （虚饰的荣华），wonted way （常态），mangled matter（弄糟的事），wild whirling words (疯话)等，都是很好的押头韵例子。
或许是押头韵既优美又好记的缘故，英小说家简·奥斯汀有两部小说的书名都是运用了押头韵手法：Pride and Prejudice（《傲慢与偏见》），Sense and Sensibility（《理智与情感》）。
Alliteration头韵
构成头韵的多为辅音字母，但应注意不发字母本音的字 母不构成头韵.
如physical plain, psychological power 这样的短语 不算头韵
Classification
词首元音的重复
词首辅音的重复
词首辅音连缀的重复 词首音节的重复
1、词首元音的重复
(重复的部分不是元音而是元音字母)
e.g
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 Tightening its lusts and luxuries. 牢牢控制着它的贪欲和奢侈。
Function
• 运用得当的头韵可产生特殊的音响效果，使文字节奏 和谐、音韵铿锵、形式对称、读起来朗朗上口
• 运用得当的头韵具有回环美，可增添语言的形象性和 感染力
3、词首辅音连缀的重复
（即辅音组合的重复）
e.g
Spare the rod, and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成 器。 Plenty is no plague. 多多易善。
4、词首音节的重复
即重复部分不仅仅是辅音，而且辅音后带上了相同的 元音，使毗邻的若干个词的词首有一个或数个音节相 同。
2、词首辅音的重复 e.g
To many parents, the three Gs----gays, guns and gangs----have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of school life. 对于父母来说，同性恋、枪支和团伙这三个词已经替 代了读、写和算，成为学校生活的基准尺度。
现在雪下得有密有大，好似神秘的瀑布在窗外瓢泼。
用于谚语、警句、格言等
（音韵的和谐，给人一种音韵美。） Live and learn。 活到老，学到老。 Love me little and love long。 爱之涓涓细 ,爱之悠悠长。 Practice makes perfect。 熟能生巧。 Money makes the mare go。 有钱能使鬼推磨。
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Function：
Assonance is one of the important phonetic rhetorical devices which is often used to increase rhythm and expressiveness of a writing.
15. Come to Court 上庭
16. Hellfire from the Heave 天上的地狱之火
17. Weather and Worries 天气变化引起的担 忧
18. Dare Devil Who Dared 胆大包天的人
29. Dying with Dignity “ 尊严死”
20. Chalk Goes up against Cheese 相差甚 远
21. Challenging the Myth Machine 挑战神话 的机器
ce（De半fin韵itio）n：
Assonance, sometimes called vocalic rhyme, denotes vowel identity in the tonic syllables, sometimes supported by the same device in the succeeding unstressed syllables, of words whose consonants differ or, if partly the same, avoid creating rhyme (grave/fate; votive/notice; glory/holy) and which echo each other in the same line or in different portions of a poem, or which appear at the end of successive or alternating lines.
1. I kissed thee ere I killed thee. 在杀死你之前 亲吻你。 [i] [ee] 发音都为[i]
2. Little strokes fall great oaks. 水滴石穿。[ə]
3. Large factories in china wish to be given a freer hand in the right to hire and fire. [ai]
情人眼里出西施。
16. The squeaky wheel gets the grease. 爱哭的孩子有奶吃。
17. The early bird catches the worm. 早起 的鸟儿有虫吃。
12.Sadness and gladness succeed each other. 快乐和悲哀总是交替的来。
13.Well begun is half than done. 良好的开 端是成功地一半。
14. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。 15.The light that lies in women’s eyes.
Alliteration头韵 Assonance（半韵）
—王芳
头韵(Alliteration)是英语语言学分
eratio支n头文体韵学的重要术语。头韵是英语
语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的 音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、 音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染 力
n
Alliteration, which derives from Latin meaning "repeating and play upon the same letter," is a figure of speech in which consonants, especially at the beginning of words ,or stressed syllables ,are repeated. It refers to the repetition of an initial sound that is usually a consonant in two or more words that begin with the same letter.
(增加语言韵律美，使语言更为生动形象）
es1.then and there 当场，立即
2.now and never 机不可失 3.black and blue 青一块紫一块 4.thick and thin 在任何情况下 5.beauty and beast 美女与野兽 6.pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见 7. bread and butter 谋生之道 8. He is all fire and fight. 他从不放弃任何机会。 9. (with) might and main 尽全力地 10.(in) weal and woe 无论是福是祸
The main rhetoric function of alliteration is to increase the rhythm of language, besides which, alliteration is sometimes used to imitate some sound in life to make the language more vivid and impressive.
丑闻和恐慌繁荣和惨跌使1987年成为动荡的一年。
13. The crunch of people crushes city and country alike.
人头攒动挤满城市和乡村。 14. Care kills the cat. 好奇心杀死猫。(proverb)
在新闻标题中Βιβλιοθήκη 多使用头韵（ alliteration）
大型工厂在中国希望得到自由的雇佣和解雇的权利。
4. While the morality of our mission was clear,
the legality was not.
[i]
虽然道德方面的任务我们已经清楚，法律方面的任务 却还未知。
5. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. [i] 吃一堑，长一智。 6. No pains, no gains. [ei] 不劳无获 7. Man proposes , God disposes. [pəuz] 谋事在人，成事在天. 8. A young idler, anold begger. [ə]
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲. 9.The large black cat jumped onto the table.
[ae] 一只大黑猫跳上了桌子。
10.The glass hardly fell off the table when Jack grasped it.
玻璃杯刚掉下桌就被杰克一把抓住。 11.Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
据Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 对类音，半韵（Assonance）的 解释，Assonance是指"relatively close
juxtaposition of similar sounds
especially of vowels or repetition of
10. Hong Kong––A capitalist citadel at China's doorstep.
香港––中国大门口的资本自已大本营。
11. And sings a solitary song, that whistles in the wind.
在萧萧风中，吟唱一首孤独的歌。
12. Scandals and scares, booms and busts made 1987 a period of tumult..