sludge into bio gas[1]
环境专业英语词汇
环境专业英语工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程..排水工程 sewerage ;wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程..给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体..排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体..给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体..原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水..地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面;暴露于大气的水..地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水..淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水..废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称..它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水..污水sewage ;wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水..用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量..污水量 wastewater flow ;sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量..用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象;在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值..排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象;在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值..水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中;水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质..泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋.. 泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称..给水处理 water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水..进行水质改善的过程..污水处理 sewage treatment ;wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求;对其进行净化的过程..废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排..一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等..格栅 bar screen;screening 一种栅条形的隔污设备;用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物..曝气 aeration 水与气体接触;进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程..沉淀 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程..澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程..过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程..混凝coagulation-flocculation臭氧氧化ozonation反渗透reverse osmosis吸附adsorption硝化nitrification反硝化denitrification离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程..氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程..余氯 residual chlorine 水中投氯;经一定时间接触后;在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和..污泥 sludge 在水处理过程中产生的;以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物..污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排..一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等..水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗..二、一般术语1> 系统和水量方面的术语及其涵度;应符合下列符合下列规定：循环水系统 recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统..生活用水 domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水..生产用水 process water 生产过程所需用的水..消防用水 fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水..浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand ;road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水..绿化用水 green belt sprinkling ;green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水..2> 净水构筑物的术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：净水构筑物 purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称..投药 chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程..混合 mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程..凝聚 coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性;使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程..絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程..曾用名反应.. B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程..自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程..凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程..凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称..助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中;为改善絮凝效果;另设加的辅助药剂..沉沙池沉砂池desilting basin ;grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池..预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时;在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池..平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池..液面负荷 surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中;单位液水面积所负担的出水流量..其计量单位通常以m3/m2.h表示.. 气浮池 floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子..清水池 clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水;以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额;并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池..3> 输配水管网的术语及其涵度应符合下列规定：扩展内容配水管网 distribution system ;pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系..环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式;管道纵横相互接通;形成环状..枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式;干管和支管分明;形成树枝状..三、水处理术语排水制度 sewer system 在一个地区内收集和输送废水的方式..它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式..合流制 combined system 用同一种管渠分别收集和输送废水的排水的方式..分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分别收集和输送各种污水、雨水和生产废水的排水的方式..生活污水 domestic sewage ;domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的废水..工业废水 industrial wastewater 生产过程中排出的水..它包括生产废水和生产污水..生产污水polluted industrial wastewater 被污染的工业废水..还包括水温过高;排入后造成热污染的工业废水..生产废水 non-polluted industrial wastewater 未受污染或受轻微污染以及水温稍有升高的工业废水..城市污水 municipal sewage ;municipal wastewater 排入城镇污水系统的污水的统称..在合流制排水系统中;还包括生产废水和截留的雨水..水体自净 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水体在自然条件的生化作用下;有机物降解;溶解氧回升和水体生物群逐渐恢复正常的过程..一级处理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和悬浮物的净化过程;主要为沉淀..二级处理 secondary treatment 污水经一级处理后;用生物处理方法继续除去污水不胶体和溶解性有机物的净化过程..生物处理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用;使污水中不稳定有机物降解和稳定的过程..活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物处理的一种方法..该法是在人工充氧条件下;对污水和各微生物群体进行连续混和培养;形成活性污泥..利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用;以分解去除污水中的有机污染物..然后使污泥与水分离;大部分污泥再回流到曝气池;多余部分则排出活性污泥系统..生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物处理的一种方法..该法采用各种不同载体;通过污水与载体的不断接触;在载体上繁殖生物膜;利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用;以降解去除污水中的有机污染物;脱落下来的生物膜与水进行分离..初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank 污水处理中第一次沉淀的构筑物;主要用以降低污水中的悬浮固体浓度..二次沉淀池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物处理出水的沉淀构筑物;用以分离其中的污泥..生物滤池 biological filter ;trickling filter 由碎石或塑料制品填料构成的生物处理构筑物..污水与填料表面上生长的微生物膜间歇接触;使污水得到净化..生物接触氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸没在污水中的填料和人工曝气系统构成的生物处理工艺..在有氧的条件下;污水与填表面的生物膜反复接触;使污水获得净化..曝气池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法进行污水生物处理的构筑物..池内提供一定污水停留时间;满足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水与活性污泥充分接触的混合条件..污泥和污泥处理的术语及其涵义符合下列规定：原污泥 raw sludge 未经污泥处理的初沉污泥、二沉剩余污或两者的混合污泥.. 初沉污泥 primary sludge 从初次沉淀池排出的沉淀物..二沉污泥 secondary sludge 从二次沉淀池排出的沉淀物..活性污泥 activated sludge 曝气池中繁殖的含有各种好氧微生物群体的絮状体..消化污泥 digested sludge 经过好氧消化或厌氧消化的污泥;所含有机物质浓度有一定程度的降低;并趋于稳定..回流污泥 returned sludge 由于次沉淀池或沉淀区分离出来;回流到曝气池的活性污泥..剩余污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池或沉淀区排出系统外的活性污泥..污泥气 sludge gas 在污泥厌氧消化时;有机物分解所产生的气体..主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳;并有少量的氢、氮和硫化氢..俗称沼气..污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或无氧条件下;利用微生物的作用;使污泥中有机物转化为较稳定物质的过程..好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥经过较长时间的曝气;其中一部分有机物由好氧微生物进一步降解和稳定的过程..厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在无氧条件下;污泥中的有机物由厌氧微生物进行降解和稳定的过程..中温消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在温度为33℃－35℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺..高温消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在温度为53℃－55℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺..污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 采用重力或气浮法降低污泥含水量;使污泥稠化的过程..污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 对浓缩污泥进一步去除一部分含水量的过程;一般指机械脱水..污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使过滤介质一侧减压;介质的污泥脱水方法..污泥压滤 sludge pressure filtration 采用正压过滤;使污泥水强制滤过介质的污泥脱水方法..污泥干化 sludge drying 通过渗滤或蒸发等作用;从污泥中去除大部分含水量的过程;一般指采用污泥干化场床等自然蒸发设施..污泥焚烧 sludge incineration 污泥处理的一种工艺..它利用焚烧炉将脱水污泥加温干燥;再用高温氧化污泥中的有机物;使污泥成为少量灰烬..工程中物理量的术语及其涵度应符合下列规定：生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下;于一定期间内一般采用5日、20℃进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量..英文简称BOD..化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量..英文简称COD..耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量..英文简称OC或CODMn ..悬浮固体 suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体;一般指用滤纸过滤水样;将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量..英文简称SS..。
污水处理的英文文献翻译(1)
Nutrient removal in an A2O-MBR reactor with sludgereductionABSTRACTIn the present study, an advanced sewage treatment process has been developed by incorporating excess sludge reduction and phosphorous recovery in an A2O-MBR process. The A2O-MBR reactor was operated at a flux of 77 LMH over a period of 270 days. The designed flux was increased stepwise over a period of two weeks. The reactor was operated at two different MLSS range. Thermo chemical digestion of sludge was carried out at a fixed pH (11)and temperature (75℃) for 25% COD solubilisation. The released pbospborous was recovered by precipitation process and the organics was sent back to anoxic tank. The sludge digestion did not have any impact on COD and TP removal efficiency of the reactor. During the 270 days of reactor operation, the MBR maintained relatively constant transmembrane pressure. The results based on the study indicated that the proposed process configuration has potential to reduce the excess sludge production as well as it didn't detonated the treated water quality.Keywords: A2O reactor; MBR; Nutrient removal; TMP1. IntroductionExcess sludge reduction and nutrients removal are the two important problems associated with wastewater treatment plant. MBR process has been known as a process with relatively high decay rate and less sludge production due to much longer sludge age in the reactor (Wenet al., 2004). Sludge production in MBR is reduced by 28-68%, depending on the sludge age used (Xia et al.,2008). However, minimizing the sludge production by increasing sludge age is limited due to the potential adverse effect of high MLSS concentrations on membrane (Yoon et al., 2004). This problem can be solved by introducing sludge disintegration technique in MBR (Young et al., 2007). Sludge disintegration techniques have been reported to enhance the biodegradability of excess sludge (Vlyssides and Karlis, 2004). In overall, the basis for sludge reduction processes is effective combination of the methods for sludge disintegration and biodegradation of treated sludge. Advances in sludge disintegration techniques offer a few promising options including ultrasound (Guo et al., 2008), pulse power (Choi et al.,2006), ozone (Weemaes et al., 2000), thermal (Kim et al., 2003), alkaline (Li et al., 2008) acid (Kim et al., 2003) and thermo chemical(Vlyssides and Karlis, 2004). Among the various disintegration techniques, thermo chemical was reported to be simple and cost effective (Weemaes and Verstraete, 1998). In thermal-chemical hydrolysis, alkali sodium hydroxide was found to be the most effective agent in inducing cell lysis (Rocker et al., 1999). Conventionally, the nutrient removal was carried out in an A2O process. It has advantage of achieving, nutrient removal along with organic compound oxidation in a single sludge configuration using linked reactors in series (Tchobanoglous et al., 2003). The phosphoroes removal happens by subjecting phosphorous accumulating organisms (PAO) bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Akin and Ugurlu, 2004). These operating procedures enhance predominance PAO, which are able to uptake phosphorous in excess. During the sludge pretreatment processes the bound phosphorous was solubilised and it increases the phosphorousconcentration in the effluent stream (Nishimura, 2001).So, it is necessary to remove the solubilised phosphorus before it enters into main stream. Besides, there is a growing demand for the sustainable phosphorous resources in the industrialized world. In many developed countries, researches are currently underway to recover the phosphoroes bound in the sludge's of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system (EBPR). The released phosphorous can be recovered in usable products using calcium salts precipitation method. Keeping this fact in mind, in the present study, a new advanced wastewater treatment process is developed by integrating three processes, which are: (a) thermo chemical pretreatment in MBR for excess sludge reduction (b) A2O process for biological nutrient removal (c) P recovery through calcium salt precipitation. The experimental data obtained were then used to evaluate the performance of this integrated system.2. Methods2.1. WastewaterThe synthetic domestic wastewater was used as the experimental influent. It was basically composed of a mixed carbon source, macro nutrients (N and P), an alkalinity control (NaHCO3) and a microelement solution. The composition contained (/L) 210 mg glucose, 200 mg NH4C1, 220 mg NaHCO3, 22一34 mg KH2PO4, microelement solution (0.19 mg MnCl2 4H20, 0.0018 mg ZnCl22H2O,0.022 mg CuCl22H2O, 5.6 mg MgSO47H2O, 0.88 mg FeCl36H2O,1.3 mg CaCl2·2H2O). The synthetic wastewater was prepared three times a week with concentrations of 210±1.5 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 40±1 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and 5.5 mg/L total phosphorus (TP).2.2. A2O-MBRThe working volume of the A2O-MBR was 83.4 L. A baffle was placed inside the reactor to divide it into anaerobic (8.4 L) anoxic (25 L) and aerobic basin (50 L). The synthetic wastewater was feed into the reactor at a flow rate of 8.4 L/h (Q) using a feed pump. A liquid level sensor, planted in aerobic basin of A2O-MBR controlled the flow of influent. The HRT of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic basins were 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively. In order to facilitate nutrient removal, the reactor was provided with two internal recycle (1R). IRl (Q= 1)connects anoxic and anaerobic and IR 2 (Q=3) was between aerobic and anoxic. Anaerobic and anoxic basins were provided with low speed mixer to keep the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) in suspension. In the aerobic zone, diffusers were used to generate air bubbles for oxidation of organics and ammonia. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the aerobic basin was maintained at 3.5 mg/1 and was monitored continuously through online DO meter. The solid liquid separation happens inaerobic basin with the help of five flat sheet membranes having a pore size of 0.23 pm. The area of each membrane was 0.1 m2. They were connected together by a common tube. A peristaltic pumpwas connected in the common tube to generate suction pressure. In the common tube provision was made to accommodate pressure gauge to measure transmembrane pressure (TMP) during suction. The suction pump was operated in sequence of timing, which consists of 10 min switch on, and 2 min switch off.2.3. Thermo chemical digestion of sludgeMixed liquor from aerobic basin of MBR was withdrawn at the ratio of 1.5% of Q/day and subjected to thermo chemical digestion. Thermo chemical digestion was carried out at a fixed pH of 11(NaOH) and temperature of 75℃for 3 h. After thermo chemical digestion the supernatant and sludge were separated. The thermo-chemicallydigested sludge was amenable to further anaerobic bio-degradation (Vlyssides and Karlis, 2004), so it was sent to theanaerobic basin of the MBR2.4. Phosphorus recoveryLime was used as a precipitant to recover the phosphorous in the supernatant. After the recovery of precipitant the content was sent back to anoxic tank as a carbon source and alkalinity supelement for denitrification.2.5. Chemical analysisCOD, MLSS, TP, TN of the raw and treated wastewater were analyzed following methods detailed in (APHA, 2003). The influent and effluent ammonia concentration was measured using an ion-selective electrode (Thereto Orion, Model: 95一12). Nitrate in the sample was analyzed using cadmium reduction method (APHA, 2003).3. Results and discussionFig. 1 presents data of MLSS and yield observed during the operational period of the reactor. One of the advantages of MBR reactor was it can be operated in high MLSS concentration. The reactor was seeded with EBPR sludge from the Kiheung, sewage treatment plant, Korea. The reactor was startup with the MLSS concentration of 5700 mg/L. It starts to increase steadily with increase in period of reactor operation and reached a value of 8100 mg/L on day 38. From then onwards, MLSS concentration was maintained in the range of 7500 mg/L by withdrawing excess sludge produced and called run I. The observed yields (Yobs) for experiments without sludge digestion (run I) and with sludge digestion were calculated and given in Fig. 1. The Yobs for run I was found to be 0.12 gMLSS/g COD. It was comparatively lower than a value of 0.4 gMLSS/g CODreported for the conventional activated sludge processes (Tchoba-noglous et al., 2003). The difference in observed yield of these two systems is attributed to their working MLSS concentration. At high MLSS concentration the yield observed was found to be low (Visva-nathan et al., 2000). As a result of that MBR generated less sludge.The presently used MLSS ranges (7.5一10.5 g/L) are selected on the basis of the recommendation by Rosenberger et al. (2002). In their study, they reported that the general trend of MLSS increase on fouling in municipal applications seems to result in no impact at medium MLSS concentrations (7一12 g/L).It is evident from the data that the COD removal efficiency of A2O system remains unaffected before and after the introduction of sludge digestion practices. A test analysis showed that the differences between the period without sludge digestion (run I) and with sludge digestion (run II and III) are not statistically significant.However, it has been reported that, in wastewater treatment processes including disintegration-induced sludge degradation, the effluent water quality is slightly detonated due to the release of nondegradable substances such as soluble microbial products (Ya-sui and Shibata, 1994; Salcai et al., 1997; Yoon et al., 2004). During the study period, COD concentration in the aerobic basin of MBR was in the range of 18-38 mg/L and corresponding organic concentration in the effluent was varied from 4 to 12 mg/L. From this data it can be concluded that the membrane separation played an important role in providing the excellent and stable effluent quality.Phosphorus is the primary nutrient responsible for algal bloom and it is necessary to reduce the concentration of phosphorus in treated wastewater to prevent the algal bloom. Fortunately its growth can be inhibited at the levels of TP well below 1 mg/L (Mer-vat and Logan, 1996).Fig. 2 depicts TP removal efficiency of the A2O-MBR system during the period of study. It is clearly evident from the figure that the TP removal efficiency of A/O system was remains unaffected after the introduction of sludge reduction. In the present study, the solubilised phosphorous was recovered in the form of calcium phosphate before it enters into main stream. So, the possibility of phosphorus increase in the effluent due to sludge reduction practices has been eliminated. The influent TP concentration was in the range of 5.5 mg/L. During thefirst four weeks of operation the TP removal efficiency of the system was not efficient as the TP concentration in the effluent exceeds over 2.5 mg/L. The lower TP removal efficiency during the initial period was due to the slow growing nature of PAO organisms and other operational factors such as anaerobic condition and internal recycling. After the initial period, the TP removal efficiency in the effluent starts to increase with increase in period of operation. TP removal in A2O process is mainly through PAO organisms. These organisms are slow growing in nature and susceptible to various physicochemical factors (Carlos et al., 2008). During the study period TP removal efficiency of the system remains unaffected and was in the range of 74-82%.。
bioresource technology简短的快讯类文章 -回复
bioresource technology简短的快讯类文章-回复"What is bioresource technology?"Bioresource technology is a field that combines biology and engineering principles to harness and utilize renewable biological resources for various applications. It focuses on finding sustainable solutions to environmental and industrial challenges by utilizing biological waste materials or biomass to produce energy, chemicals, and materials.[Overview of Bioresource Technology]In recent years, as concerns about climate change and resource scarcity have grown, the importance of developing alternative and sustainable sources of energy and materials has become increasingly apparent. Bioresource technology offers a potential solution to these challenges by utilizing biological resources in a responsible and environmentally friendly manner.Bioresource technology encompasses a wide range of processes and technologies, including but not limited to:1. Biomass conversion: Biomass, which refers to organic matter derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms, can be converted into energy-rich substances such as biofuels. Bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas are examples of biofuels produced from the fermentation or processing of biomass.2. Bioremediation: Bioresource technology can be used to clean up polluted environments through the use of microorganisms or plants to degrade or remove contaminants from soil, water, or air.3. Bioplastics and biomaterials: Bioresource technology explores the development of biodegradable and sustainable alternatives to traditional plastic and materials derived from fossil fuels. By using biomass-based feedstocks, bioplastics and biomaterials can reduce the environmental impact associated with their production and disposal.4. Waste management: Bioresource technology enables the conversion of various types of organic waste, including agricultural waste, food waste, and sewage sludge, into valuable products. These products can include biogas, compost, and nutrients for fertilizer production.5. Bio-based chemicals: Bioresource technology plays a crucial role in the production of bio-based chemicals, which are derived from renewable biological resources. These chemicals can be used as ingredients in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture.[Advantages of Bioresource Technology]Bioresource technology offers several advantages over conventional methods of resource utilization:1. Renewable and sustainable: Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite resources, bioresource technology relies on renewable biological resources. By utilizing biomass, the production of energy, chemicals, and materials can be sustained over the long term without depleting natural resources.2. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions: Bioresource technology helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions since the carbon dioxide released during the production and use of biofuels or biomaterials is offset by carbon dioxide absorbed during biomass growth. Thisconcept is known as carbon neutrality.3. Waste reduction and circular economy: By utilizing organic waste materials to produce valuable products, bioresource technology contributes to waste reduction and promotes the concept of a circular economy. It minimizes the need for landfilling and incineration, reducing pollution and environmental impact.4. Economic opportunities: The development and implementation of bioresource technology create new economic opportunities in various sectors, including agriculture, biotechnology, and energy. It can stimulate job creation and foster sustainable economic growth.[Current and Future Applications]Bioresource technology is actively being researched and implemented globally. Some current and potential future applications include:1. Biofuel production: The production of bioethanol and biodiesel from biomass is extensively researched and commercially implemented in many countries as a renewable fuel source fortransportation.2. Anaerobic digestion: The process of anaerobic digestion, which breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is widely used to produce biogas from agricultural, municipal, and industrial waste.3. Biorefineries: Integrated biorefineries are being developed to produce multiple products from biomass, including biofuels, chemicals, materials, and even food additives.4. Bioremediation technologies: Bioresource technology is being harnessed to develop innovative bioremediation methods for cleaning up contaminated soils, water bodies, and industrial sites.5. Algal biofuels: Research is ongoing to explore the potential of using algae as a source of biofuel due to its rapid growth, high oil content, and minimal land requirements.ConclusionBioresource technology offers a sustainable and environmentallyfriendly approach to address various challenges related to energy, waste management, and resource utilization. By leveraging renewable biological resources, bioresource technology has the potential to revolutionize several industries and contribute to a more sustainable and greener future.。
2023-2024学年新高考2024届高考英语第一轮专项冲刺限时集训——阅读理解：记叙文(含答案)
新高考2024届高考英语第一轮专项冲刺限时集训——阅读理解：记叙文从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。
而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
（2023年新高考I卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish caneat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility thattreated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of re parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A．He was fond of traveling.B．He enjoyed being alone.C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He longed to be a doctor.25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A．To feed the animals.B．To build an ecosystem.C．To protect the plants.D．To test the eco-machine.26．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A．To review John’s research plans.B．To show an application of John’s idea.C．To compare John’s different jobs.D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27．What is the basis for John’s work?A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water to survive.C．Life on Earth is diverse.D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.【正确答案】24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。
微生物专业英语
微生物专业英语2020.2.241、微生物：microorganism [ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔːrɡənɪzəm]释：微生物小的鲜活生物，只有使用显微镜才能看到。
A microorganism is a very small living thing which can only be seen by a microscope.2、固体废弃物：(solid waste)[ˈsɑːlɪd]释：一般所说的垃圾，是人类新陈代谢排泄物和消费品消费后的废弃物品。
Generally speaking, soild waste is the waste products of human metabolism and consumer products after consumption.3、浸出：leach [liːtʃ]释：浸出是通过溶剂从固体中提取可溶性成分的过程。
Leaching is the process of extracting a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.4、油污泥：oily sludges[slʌdʒ]5、市政污泥civil sludge/ municipal sludge释：主要指来自污水厂的污泥Mainly refers to sludge from sewage plants6、土壤改良：soil improvement释：针对土壤的不良质地和结构，采取相应的物理、生物或化学措施，改善土壤性状，提高土壤肥力，增加作物产量，以及改善人类生存土壤环境的过程。
Soil improvement is the process of taking appropriate physical, biological, or chemical measures to improve soil properties, soil fertility, crop yields, and improving the soil environment of human existence in response to the poor texture and structure of the soil.句子：一、目的研究微生物-植物联合对稠油污染土壤的修复效果，为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供依据。
给排水英文术语-排水工程-GB50014-2006
排水工程——wastewater engineering; sewage排水系统——waste water engineering system排水体制——sewerage system排水设施——sewerage facilities合流制——combined system合流制管道溢流——combined sewer overflow分流制——separate system城镇污水——urban wastewater, sewage城镇污水系统——urban wastewater system面源污染——diffuse pollution低影响开发——low impact development城镇污水污泥——urban wastewater sludge旱流污水——dry weather sludge生活污水——domestic wastewater/sewage综合生活污水——comprehensive sewage工业废水——industrial wastewater入渗地下水——infiltrated ground water总变化系数——peaking factor径流系数——runoff coefficient径流量——runoff暴雨强度——rainfall intensity重现期——recurrence interval雨水管渠设计重现期——recurrence interval for storm sewer design 降雨历时——duration of rainfall汇水面积——catchment area内涝——local flooding内涝防治系统——local flooding prevention and control system内涝防治设计重现期——recurrence interval for local flooding design 地面集水时间——time of concentration截流倍数——interception ratio排水泵站——drainage pumping station污水泵站——sewage pumping station雨水泵站——storm water pumping station合流污水泵站——combined sewage pumping station一级处理——primary treatment二级处理——secondary treatment活性污泥法——activated sludge process, suspended growth process 生物反应池——biological reaction tank活性污泥——activated sludge回流污泥——returned sludge格栅——bar screen格栅除污机——bar screen machine固定式格栅除污机——fixed raking machine移动式格栅除污机——mobile raking machine沉砂池——grit chamber平流沉砂池——horizontal flow grit chamber曝气沉砂池——aerated grit chamber旋流沉砂池——vortex-type grit chamber沉淀——sedimentation, settling初次沉淀池——primary settling tank二次沉淀池——secondary settling tank平流沉淀池——horizontal settling tank竖流沉淀池——vertical flow settling tank辐流沉淀池——radial flow settling tank斜管（板）沉淀池——incline tube (plate) sedimentation tank好氧——aerobic, oxic厌氧——anaerobic缺氧——anoxic生物硝化——bio-nitrification生物反硝化——bio-denitrification混合液回流——mixed liquor recycle生物除磷——biological phosphorus removal缺氧/好氧脱氮工艺——anoxic/oxic process厌氧/好氧除磷工艺——anaerobic/oxic process厌氧/缺氧/好氧脱氮除磷工艺——anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process 序批式活性污泥法——sequencing batch reactor充水比——fill ratio总凯式氮——total Kjeldahl nitrogen(有机氮和氨氮之和)总氮——total nitrogen总磷——total phosphorus好氧泥龄——oxic sludge age泥龄——sludge age, sludge retention time氧化沟——oxidation ditch好氧区——oxic zone缺氧区——anoxic zone厌氧区——anaerobic zone生物膜法——attached-growth process, biofilm process生物接触氧化——bio-contact oxidation曝气生物滤池——biological aerated filter生物转盘——rotating biological contactor塔式生物滤池——biotower低负荷生物滤池——low-rate trickling filters高负荷生物滤池——high-rate biological filters五日生化需氧量容积负荷——BOD-volumetric loading表面负荷——hydraulic loading rate固定布水器——fixed distributor旋转布水器——rotating distributor石料滤料——rock filtering media塑料滤料——plastic media污水自然处理——natural treatment of wastewater土地处理——land treatment稳定塘——stabilization pond, stabilization lagoon灌溉田——sewage farming人工湿地——artificial wetland, constructed wetland污水再生利用——wastewater reuse深度处理——advanced treatment再生水——reclaimed water, reuse water膜过滤——membrane filtration颗粒活性炭吸附池——granular activated carbon absorption tank 紫外线——ultraviolet紫外线剂量——ultraviolet dose污泥处理——sludge treatment污泥处置——sludge disposal污泥浓缩——sludge thickening污泥脱水——sludge dewatering污泥干化——sludge drying污泥消化——sludge digestion厌氧消化——anaerobic digestion好氧消化——aerobic digestion中温消化——mesophilic digestion高温消化——thermophilic digestion原污泥——raw sludge初沉污泥——primary sludge二沉污泥——secondary sludge剩余污泥——excess activated sludge消化污泥——digested sludge消化池——digester消化时间——digest time挥发性固体——volatile solids挥发性固体去除率——removal percentage of volatile solids挥发性固体容积负荷——cubage load of volatile solids污泥气——sludge gas, marsh gas污泥气燃烧器——sludge gas burner回火防止器——backfire preventer污泥热干化——sludge heat drying污泥焚烧——sludge incineration污泥综合利用——sludge integrated application污泥土地利用——sludge land application污泥农用——sludge farm application。
环境工程专业英语
专业英语环境：environment 环境工程：environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness 环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing生物圈：biosphere 生态学：ecology生态系统：ecosystem 生态平衡：ecological balance生态破坏：ecological damage生物群落：biological community猎食者：predator 食物链：food chain被猎食者：prey 营养级：trophic level物质循环：material cycle信息反馈：information feedback能量传递：energy transfer物质不灭定律：the law of conservation of mass能量守恒定律：the law of conservation of energy物料平衡定律：Material balance principle水环境：watershed 水体：water body流域：watershed 水质：water quality水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demand TDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demand TSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygenTOC：total organic carbon PH值：TN：总氮total nitrogen TP：总磷phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening生物处理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：biofilm process bio-membrane process厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contact SBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank中和池：neutralization tank调节池：adjusting tank生物反应池：biological reactor加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation大气环境：airshed 气体净化：atmospheric cleanup对流层：troposphere 摩擦层：frictional layer？平流层：stratosphere 中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere 臭氧层：ozonosphere粉尘：dust 气溶胶：aerosol烟雾：smoke 降尘：dust fall飘尘：floating dust 可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 盐酸：hydrochloric acid硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal吸收：absorption吸附：adsorptionGAC（颗粒活性炭）：granular a c tivated carbonPAC（粉末活性炭）：powdered a c tivated carbonACF（活性炭纤维）：a c tivated carbon fiber静电除尘：electric dust precipitation重力除尘：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging凝聚：flocculation植物吸收：植物吸附：土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity光辐射：optical radiation光合成：Photosynthesis易燃性：ignitability易爆性：ignitability反应性：reactivity传染性：infectivity腐蚀性：corrosivityEIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design大气污染控制工程：air pollution control水污染控制工程：water pollution control固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染物：pollutant污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes消纳作用：Digestive Function 危险废物：hazardous wastes城市生活垃圾：municipal wastes化学污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge工业固废：industrial wastes 分选处理：separation treatment矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥浓缩：sludge thickening带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical conversion固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollution control无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固体废物处理：processing and recovery处置：disposal物质回收：materials recovery 物质转化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量转化：energy conversion1.Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concernedwith protecting the environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。
除臭作用研究(翻译)
矿物掺料和生物技术对城市污泥的除臭作用研究（南昌大学建筑工程学院，江西南昌 330031）摘要：采用纳氏试剂分光光度法，定量研究了矿物掺料（硅藻土）和两种生物除臭剂（生物除臭剂Ⅰ和生物除臭剂Ⅱ）对城市污泥中氨含量的影响规律，以此分析其对城市污泥的除臭效果。
结果表明：不同掺量的硅藻土对城市污泥均有一定的除臭效果，硅藻土最优掺量为10%；两种生物除臭剂对城市污泥均有一定的除臭效果，但生物除臭剂Ⅱ优于生物除臭剂Ⅰ；复掺硅藻土和生物除臭剂Ⅱ比矿物掺料吸附或生物除臭单一方式的效果更好，其对城市污泥的除臭作用有叠加效应。
除臭效果最好且最经济合理的复合除臭剂配比为：5%硅藻土和0.3%生物除臭剂Ⅱ。
关键词：矿物掺料；生物技术；城市污泥；除臭中图分类号：文献标识码：文章编号：Study on Deodorization of Municipal Sludge by Means ofMineral Additives and BiotechnologyAbstract: Abstract: Using the spectrophotometric method, we analyze the influencing rule of mineral additives (diatomite) and two kinds of biological deodorant (biological deodorantⅠand biological deodorantⅡ) on the ammonia content in the municipal sludge quantificationally, and in order to analyze their deodorization of the municipal sludge thereby. The result indicates that the different contents of diatomite have the certain effect of deodorization on the municipal sludge, and the best content is 10%; Both of the biological deodorants have the certain effect of deodorization on the municipal sludge, and the biological deodorant Ⅱis better than the biological deodorantⅠ;the effect of the deodorization of the combination between diatomite and biological deodorant Ⅱis better than the single one works against the municipal sludge because of their superimposition effect. The proportion is 5% of diatomite and 0.3% of biotechnologyⅡconsidering the most effective and the most economic and reasonable factors.Key words: Mineral additives, Biotechnology, Municipal sludge, Deodorization——————————————————————胡明玉，女，1958年生，江西高安人，教授，博士江西省2008年科技支撑计划项目（2008AE01400）江西省2009年研究生创新基金资助项目江西省教育厅2010年度青年科学基金项目（GJJ10082）引言Introduction随着我国城市化速度加快，污水处理厂所产生的城市污泥量日益增加。
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Gas tank and degister
Lot of digester (Austria)
WWTP Kozieglowy (Polen)
Grontmij Polska (Justyna Ryzinska)
Digesters
Capacity: ~ 1 million people
Example of Proces flow sludge treatment
After dewatering/thickeners (band system)
After dewatering/thickeners (band system)
Seperator
Tank of dry sludge including loading
Dry Sludge
Transport by truck
Dry sludge to:
- Farmers (depends on quality) - Concrete factory (fuel) - Power station (fuel)
Example of Proces flow sludge treatment
脱水 缓冲池 消化器 后脱水 泥水分离器 消化器 储气罐/ 储气罐 提升机
Digester
dewatering
buffertank
After dewatering seperator
Tank / elevator
Pre setteler
prim. sludge
Digester
After dewatering
Reduction of sludge:
30 – 40 % by 20% dry solid (depends on type of sludge
Example of Gas tank
Example of anaerobic digester (2x)
Waste water treament plant Netherlands
Process flow; Sludge heating
Blow in biogas Sludge pump Heat exchanger Heat water pump Heater Gas compressor
Heated sludge
To be heated sludge
Biogas Heating equipment building
Heated Anaerobic digester
Not heated Anaerobic digester
Heating installation
Heat exchanger
Bio Gas refinement / treatment
Filling station BiogasLeabharlann 预沉池初污泥后脱水
Reduction of sludge:
30 – 40 % by 20% dry solid (depends on type of sludge
Dry sludge to:
- Farmers (depends on quality) - Concrete factory (fuel) - Power station (fuel)
Process flow; sludge to bio gas
Gas inlet (to active system) Gas reservoir
M3/h metering Water Waste water Sludge Pre settler Sludge pumps Heated Anaerobic digester Not heated Anaerobic digester
Schematic diagram of spiral type
Pictorial view
Heat exchanger used for heating digesting sludge
Schematic of a water bath heat exchanger
Sludge pumps
Anaerobic digester