日本在台湾的殖民统治经济发展日本在台湾的殖民统治解读

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Ⅰ.殖民主義三種模式
The Japanese Colonial Rule in Taiwan
Cf. Ramon Myers and Mark Peattie, eds., The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), pp. 4-14.
In the early 1930’s, FAs and SAUs employed 40,000 persons, of these 13,000 were gricultural advisers working with the SAUs at the village level, one extension worker for every 32 farm households. 15
Fertilizer 肥料 0 n 2n Tsailai 在萊米 x x+12% x+6% Ponglai #65 蓬萊米 y y+30% y+44%
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2. New Rural Institutions: Extension Service System 農村新機構: 農業推廣系統
a) Farmers’ Associations(農會): One in every prefecture since 1900s. b) Small Agricultural Units(農業小組): Several thousands. c) Credit Cooperatives(信用合作社): 13 (1913), 214(1920), 332 (1930), 443 (1940).
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Ⅴ.日本時期的台灣經濟發展
A.農業發展 Technological Change in Agriculture (1900-1945)
1. Modern Agricultural Science The Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, established in 1903, followed by district agricultural improvement stations. Successful adaptation of seeds with higher yields, greater resistance to disease and high wind, and more receptivity to fertilizer and intensive care. Sugar Cane: native bamboo cane rose bamboo cane from Hawaii: minor improvements. 1920s, new cane varieties with average yield more than twice and sugar content 40% higher.
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Ⅲ.日本治台政策辯論
Japanese Policy Debates
1. Law # 63 (六三法) (March 30, 1896) gave the Governor-General a special authority to issue executive ordinances “having the same effect as the law of Japan.” 2. 特別統治主義 3. 內地延長主義
X and H: a primary sector, with agriculture its main economic activity. N: a small, emerging non-agricultural sector of services (trade, financial services, transportation and communication) with some manufacturing. J: primary exports. M: manufactured imports. C: commercial services. N supplies X with manufactured goods and commercial services.
The Taiwan Affairs Bureau (Taiwan Jimukyoku 台灣事務局)
The TAB met in June 1895 to discuss the management of Taiwan.
Michel Lubon, a French adviser, recommended that Taiwan be regarded as a prefecture of Japan in the future, if not now, and that those sections in the Japanese constitution that related to the people’s rights and liberties, and criminal law be implemented at once in the new territory. Lubon asked the Japanese government to follow the example of French relations with Algeria.
日本在台灣的殖民統 治: 經濟發展
高雄醫學大學 通識教育中心 客座教授 蕭欣義
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日本在台灣的殖民統治: 經濟發展(大綱)
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 殖民主義的三種模式 外籍顧問給「台灣事務局」的建議 日本治台政策辯論 殖民地時代的台灣經濟如何評估? 日本時期的台灣經濟發展 公共衛生的改進
A. Comparative Colonialism: Three Major Models of Colonialism 1) The British Model: Allowed the possibility of
autonomous development of the emperium’s various components, while still bearing the common burden of trusteeship.
Foreign trade sector
F
M
J
Primary-export sector
N C
X
H
Primary sector
Enclave
Hinterland or subsistence sector
Dualistic Economy
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Source: Samuel Ho, “Colonialism and Development: Korea, Taiwan, and Kwantung,” in Ramon Myers and Mark Peattie, eds.,The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), p. 381. The above figure is borrowed, with some minor modification, from Douglas A. Paauw and John C. H. Fei, The Transition in Open Dualistic Economies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973), p. 4
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2) The French Model: France, drawing on the
republican principles of 1789, which its statesmen and thinkers believed were applicable in all times and places, held to the theory (though less in practice) that her colonies were parts of an indivisible republic whose global purpose was a mission civilisatrice, the propagation of French civilization. 3) The German Model: creation of a “scientific colonialism.” This approach was based on the German passion for methodical research and investigation, both of which were seen as prerequisites for economically sound administration and maximum efficiency in the extraction of wealth from colonial territories.
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Rice Seeds:
Tsailai rice (在萊米): 1,379 kg/ha [hectare公頃=2.47 acres 英畝] Ponglai rice (蓬萊米) #1 Nakamura (中村), 1924: 1,594kg/ha Ponglai rice, Taichung (台中) #65, 1926, 1930s: 1,935kg/ha
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A different view was submitted by Montague Kirkwood, a British adviser. He made clear that it would be to the advantage of both Japan and the people of Taiwan to regard the island as a colony, legally, politically, culturally, and financially separate from Japan, in the same way that the British colonies of India and Hong Kong were separated from Great Britain. He recommended that the Japanese government create a legislative council in Taiwan, appointed by the governor-general, with himself as ex-officio president, to enact necessary colonial laws. He also urged the appointment of several Taiwanese as its members. He also suggested the appointment of as many Taiwanese as possible as local administrators and judges. The TAB accepted the French proposal, but the TAB was disbanded in April 1896.