句子成分及简单句的五大基本句型
句子成分和简单句五个基本句型
句子成分和简单句五个基本句型一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
（一）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。
（名词）2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure。
（不定式)5。
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）6.The rich should help the poor。
（名词化的形容词）7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided。
（主语从句）8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（二)谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning。
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold。
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students。
（三）表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be，become，get，look, grow，turn, seem等）之后。
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1．主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides（任何事物都有两面性）Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2．谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
5种简单句基本句型及句子成分名词解释
5种简单句基本句型及句子成分名词解释前五个句型属于简单句的基本句型，后面三个是中考中重要的简单句句型，最后面是句子成分的名词解释。
—一.五种简单句基本句型1.主语+谓语”即主谓”句型）这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明某人或某物如何动作”，或者说某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they主语）“ arrived谓语）。
2.主语+谓语+宾语”即主谓宾”句型）这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“ I主语）“study谓语动作）“ English宾语即动作涉及的对象）。
3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”即主谓双宾”句型）这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明某人为谁（间接宾语为人）做某事”，或者说某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例: Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher主语）教”谓语动作）“us间接宾语）“English直接宾语）。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”即主谓宾宾补”句型）这一句型说明某人或某物要求（使、让）某人做什么”或某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例：He asked her to go there.分析：“ he主语）asked谓语动作）“ her宾语即动作涉及的对象）“to go there 补”（语—补充说明宾语做什么）。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”即（“主系表”句型）这一句型用以说明“某人（某物、某事、某种概念）具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。
常用的联系动词有be, keep ，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)
• 6.Many teachers live in another city. 主+谓
1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens. 并列句 2. Work hard or you will fall behind. 并列句
4. ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.
---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What a bad B. How bad C. What bad
选择疑问句中一般用or连接，回答时不能使用 yes或no，而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。
① —Do you like apples or pears? ② —Which would you like better, tea or coffee?
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直击中考考点
◆反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的常见用法 (1) 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。
意为“某人也一样”， 是表示肯定的倒装。 Ou Baizi passed this English exam, so did I .
欧百子通过了这次英语考试，我也通过了。 2. 易混句式：so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
意为“确实是……”。
—Ouyang Xue dances very well.欧阳雪舞跳得很好。
句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
❖2. 位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
系动词（必背）
❖be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持
*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特
点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
定语
❖ 用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形 容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
简单句的五种句型
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型1、主语＋谓语（不及物动词）2、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语3、主语＋系动词＋表语4、主语＋谓语＋间宾（表示人）＋直宾（表示物）5、主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语▲主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、系动词）、宾语及宾语补足语可以称为基本句子成分。
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。
主语：名词、代词、The + adj、V-ing、动词不定式、从句宾语：名词、代词、The + adj、V-ing、动词不定式、从句宾补：名词、形容词、副词、V-ing、V-ed、从句等联系动词：be / feel/ taste / smell / look（感官动词）/appear /seem/（好像）become /get / grow / turn/go （变化）remain/ keep/stay（保持）等表语：名词、代词、形容词、副词、V-ing、V-ed、动词不定式、从句等主语＋谓语（不及物动词）总结：这种句型常与副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等状语一起连用主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语总结：作宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词等接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词有：admit, advice, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help主语＋谓语＋间宾（表示人）＋直宾（表示物）总结：to：give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, sell, send, show, teach, tellfor：buy, choose. get, leave, make, save, sing主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语总结：作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词等Eg：allow, advise, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, force, expect, get, hate, invite, order, warn, teach, tell, want + sb. to do sth.Eg：feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, watch, see + sb. do sth.。
高中英语语法_句子成分
Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. The boy made his sister cry.
以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可 扩展成相应的从句，从而成为复合句。同时， 复合句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型 组成的。如： What he says doesn’t agree with what he does. Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way. It occurred to me that I had much work to do. He promised me that he would attend the lecture. What has made the city what it is now?
2.谓语: 说明主语的动作或所处的状态。 谓语 (predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般 在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或 情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1)
The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. 3) I have tried this way three times. 4) We should pay attention to the English idioms. 5) He is working in the garden.
7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、
1)
因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
句子成分及简单句的五种形式
句子成分及简单句的五种形式简单句的五种形式：1.主语+谓语（vi）2.主语+谓语+宾语（vt）3.主语+系动词+表语系动词：(1) be(2) become get grow turn come go fall(3) look smell taste sound feel(4) remain hold keep stand stay(5) turn out prove(6) seem appear4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（复合宾语）elect,feel,find get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start ,watch, appoint, believe, call, catch ,allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know,tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at5.主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, wish, show ,teach ,get ,award, lend, rent, buy ,pay, hand, recommend句子成分1 主语( 动作的发出者，是一个句子的主体，必须用主格形式I you he she we they)He is a boy. The book is interesting.To find a good friend is difficult.Smoking is bad for your health.What is more important is how to get there.2 宾语（动作的承受着，放在及物动词的后边，必须用宾格形式me you him her us them)We often do homework at 6.I teach him English.I don’t know how to do it.We all believe he is honest.3 谓语（既是动词，表示具体的动作，分为及物动词和不及物动词）Later land animals appeared.The scene looks real.We can’t put up with the pollution.4 主语补足语既主补，用来补充说明主语，可以由名词形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词副词等充当。
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简单句的五大基本句型英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
基本句型一、1.Great changes have taken place .2.We all breathe, eat and drink.3.The blind study in special schools.4.Fighting broke out between the South and North.5.To tell the truth always pays.6.What he said doesn’t matter.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的主语。
主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句等等。
谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。
以上例句中，我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，这些不及物动词可以是单个的动词，也可以是短语。
由此，可以归纳出句型一：主语+不及物动词。
S+v.( Subject+Verb)基本句型二：is a teacher.??best composition is hers.and five is ten. ?is asleep.?father is in.?picture is on the wall.?watch is gone \ missing\ lost.?see is to believe.question is whether they will come.?以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的表语。
表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分，通常有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，形容词化的分词，不定式或者表语从句充当。
句子中的be 是系动词。
由此可以总结出句型二：主语+系动词+表语。
S+Link V.+P ( Subject+link verb+Predicate)本句型中，系动词除了be 之外，还可以是：1). Several players lay flat on the playground.2). We should remain modest and prudent any time.3).The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.4).It is getting warmer and warmer.5).Don't have the food. It has gone bad.6). The facts prove true.以上系动词可以分类。
感觉（feel, look. Smell, taste, sound）; 仍然（ remain, continue, stay, keep）; 变成（become, come, go, get, grow, turn）; 似乎（ seem, appear）; 证明是（prove）.基本句型三：like China.（名词）?hates you. （代词）many do you need We need two. （数词）should help the old and the poor.enjoy working with you.?（动名词）hope to see you again.?（不定式）?you write down what he said （宾语从句）’m looking forward to hearing from you..9. It took me a while to adapt to the job.10. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays.分析以上例句，可以看出斜体部分是句子的宾语。
句子的宾语可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句充当，它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或者用于介词后构成介词短语。
句中的谓语动词可以是单个的动词，也可以是短语，如例句中的look forward to, adapt to, look after等等。
由此，归纳基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语。
S+V+O( Subject+Verb+Object)基本句型四：1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dictionary.4. He denies her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures.6. I gave my car a wash.7. I told him the bus was late.8. He showed me how to run the machine.仔细观察以上例句，可以看出，斜体部分是句子的宾语，下划线部分也是句子的宾语，也就是一个句子中有两个宾语。
不难发现，斜体部分为“人或者物等”，称为间接宾语；下划线部分为“物或者事”，称为直接宾语。
至此，可以总结出此句型为：主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
S+V+o+O( Subject+Verb+Indict object+Direct object).此句型中，常见的谓语动词有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。
本句型也可以把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面，不过间接宾语前需要加上适当的介词。
如上面的句1，可以表达为：She ordered a new dress for herself.句子5，可以表达为：I showed my pictures to him.基本句型五：1. They named the child Jim.2. He boiled the egg hard.3. He painted the door green.found the book very interesting.saw him out.comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。
’t take his kindness for granted.分析以上句子，可以看出，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，这个补充成分叫宾语补足语。
（斜体部分即宾语的补足语）才能使意思完整。
可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。
?由此归纳，基本句型五为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语，S+V+O+C( Subject+Verb+Object+Complement).常用于这个句型的动词有：（1）感官动词：see, notice, observe. watch, hear, listen to, feel, find(发现), smell（2）役使动词： have, let , make, get（3）表示心里状态的词：consider, think, believe, discover,find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove（4）表示情感状态的动词： love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect（5）动词keep/leave 使/ 让…保持某种状态以上是英语简单句的五种基本句型。
英语的复杂句式都是由这五种基本句型拓展而成。
如果在名词或者代词前面加上词、短语或者句子来修饰，那么这些修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子就是定语。
Yanling is a chemistry teacher.?is our friend.belong to the third world.??was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.man over there is my old friend.?woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.boys playing football are in Class 2.trees planted last year are growing well now.?have an idea to do it well.should do everything that I do.由以上例句可以看出，用做定语（斜体部分）的可以是名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词，---ing形式，不定式或从句。
假如修饰名词或代词的是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫定语从句。
在英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的成分叫状语。
如：1．The girl is improving remarkably.这个女孩大有进步。
2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等，如果做状语的是一个从句，那么这个从句叫做状语从句。
3．状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。
（1） Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow As soon as he comes,I’ll tell you.时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中(2). There are plenty of fish in the sea.On the platform, she kissed her mother.地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。
（3）. Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.I eat potatoes because I like them.原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。
(4). She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said. 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。