中英文翻译_材料格式模板
英文翻译材料格式参考
北方民族大学毕业设计材料翻译系(部)名称: 计算机科学与工程学院学生姓名:专业: 学号:指导教师姓名:北方民族大学教务处制目录I. Introduction (1)II. Language Types (1)III. Classification of High-Level Languages (2)IV. Language Structure and Components (3)V. History (4)一、引言 (1)二、语言类型 (1)三、高级语言的分类 (2)四、语言的结构与成分 (3)五、历史 (3)Computer Language and ProgrammingI. IntroductionProgramming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. However, natural languages are not suited for programming computers because they are ambiguous, meaning that their vocabulary and grammatical structure may be interpreted in multiple ways. The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures, and the rules for their grammar, spelling, and punctuation must be precise.Programming languages vary greatly in their sophistication and in their degree of versatility. Some programming languages are written to address a particular kind of computing problem or for use on a particular model of computer system. For instance, programming languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL were written to solve certain general types of programming problems—FORTRAN for scientific applications, and COBOL for business applications. Although these languages were designed to address specific categories of computer problems, they are highly portable, meaning that they may be used to program many types of computers. Other languages, such as machine languages, are designed to be used by one specific model of computer system, or even by one specific computer in certain research applications. The most commonly used programming languages are highly portable and can be used to effectively solve diverse types of computing problems. Languages like C, PASCAL , and BASIC fall into this category.II. Language TypesProgramming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages, or machine languages, are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer. Machine languages differ depending on the manufacturer and model of computer. High-level languages are programming languages that must first be translated into a machine language before they can be understood and processed by a computer. Examples of high-level languages are C, C++, PASCAL, and FORTRAN. Assembly languages are intermediate languages that are very close to machine languages and do not have the level of linguistic sophistication exhibited by other high-level languages, but must still be translated into machine language.1. Machine LanguagesIn machine languages, instructions are written as sequences of 1s and 0s, called bits, that a computer can understand directly. An instruction in machine language generally tells the computer four things: (1) where to find one or two numbers or simple pieces of data in the main computer memory (Random Access Memory, or RAM), (2) a simple operation to perform, such as adding the two numbers together, (3) where in the main memory to put the result of this simple operation, and (4) where to find the next instruction to perform. While all executable programs are eventually read by the computer in machine language, they are not all programmed in machine language. It is extremely difficult to program directly in machine language because the instructions are sequences of 1s and 0s. A typical instruction in a machine language might read 10010 1100 1011 and mean add the contents of storage register A to the contents of storage register B.2. High-Level LanguagesHigh-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human language. They are more similar to normal human languages than assembly or machine languages and are therefore easier to use for writing complicated programs. These programming languages allow larger and more complicated programs to be developed faster. However, high-level languages must be translated into machine language by another program called a compiler before a computer can understand them. For this reason, programs written in a high-level language may take longer to execute and use up more memory than programs written in an assembly language.3. Assembly LanguagesComputer programmers use assembly languages to make machine-language programs easier to write. In an assembly language, each statement corresponds roughly to one machine language instruction. An assembly language statement is composed with the aid of easy to remember commands. The command to add the contents of the storage register A to the contents of storage register B might be written ADD B, A in a typical assembly language statement. Assembly languages share certain features with machine languages. For instance, it is possible to manipulate specific bits in both assembly and machine languages. Programmers use assembly languages when it is important to minimize the time it takes to run a program, because the translation from assembly language to machine language is relatively simple. Assembly languages are also used when some part of the computer has to be controlled directly, such as individual dots on a monitor or the flow of individual characters to a printer.III. Classification of High-Level LanguagesHigh-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages. In these languages, one or more related blocks of statements that perform some complete function are grouped together into a program module, or procedure, and given a name su ch as “procedure A.” If the same sequence of operations is needed elsewhere inthe program, a simple statement can be used to refer back to the procedure. In essence, a procedure is just a mini-program. A large program can be constructed by grouping together procedures that perform different tasks. Procedural languages allow programs to be shorter and easier for the computer to read, but they require the programmer to design each procedure to be general enough to be used in different situations.Functional languages treat procedures like mathematical functions and allow them to be processed like any other data in a program. This allows a much higher and more rigorous level of program construction. Functional languages also allow variables—symbols for data that can be specified and changed by the user as the program is running—to be given values only once. This simplifies programming by reducing the need to be concerned with the exact order of statement execution, since a variable does not have to be redeclared, or restated, each time it is used in a program statement. Many of the ideas from functional languages have become key parts of many modern procedural languages.Object-oriented languages are outgrowths of functional languages. In object-oriented languages, the code used to write the program and the data processed by the program are grouped together into units called objects. Objects are further grouped into classes, which define the attributes objects must have. A simple example of a class is the class Book. Objects within this class might be Novel and Short Story. Objects also have certain functions associated with them, called methods. The computer accesses an object through the use of one of the object’s methods. The method performs some action to the data in the object and returns this value to the computer. Classes of objects can also be further grouped into hierarchies, in which objects of one class can inherit methods from another class. The structure provided in object-oriented languages makes them very useful for complicated programming tasks.Logic languages use logic as their mathematical base. A logic program consists of sets of facts and if-then rules, which specify how one set of facts may be deduced from others, for example:If the statement X is true, then the statement Y is false.In the execution of such a program, an input statement can be logically deduced from other statements in the program. Many artificial intelligence programs are written in such languages.IV. Language Structure and ComponentsProgramming languages use specific types of statements, or instructions, to provide functional structure to the program. A statement in a program is a basic sentence that expresses a simple idea—its purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction. Statements define the types of data allowed, how data are to be manipulated, and the ways that procedures and functions work. Programmers use statements to manipulate common components of programming languages, such as variables and macros (mini-programs within a program).Statements known as data declarations give names and properties to elements of a program called variables. Variables can be assigned different values within the program. The properties variables can have are called types, and they include such things as what possible values might be saved in the variables, how much numerical accuracy is to be used in the values, and how one variable may represent a collection of simpler values in an organized fashion, such as a table or array. In many programming languages, a key data type is a pointer. Variables that are pointers do not themselves have values; instead, they have information that the computer can use to locate some other variable—that is, they point to another variable.An expression is a piece of a statement that describes a series of computations to be performed on some of th e program’s variables, such as X+Y/Z, in which the variables are X, Y, and Z and the computations are addition and division. An assignment statement assigns a variable a value derived from some expression, while conditional statements specify expressions to be tested and then used to select which other statements should be executed next.Procedure and function statements define certain blocks of code as procedures or functions that can then be returned to later in the program. These statements also define the kinds of variables and parameters the programmer can choose and the type of value that the code will return when an expression accesses the procedure or function. Many programming languages also permit minitranslation programs called macros. Macros translate segments of code that have been written in a language structure defined by the programmer into statements that the programming language understands.V. HistoryProgramming languages date back almost to the invention of the digital computer in the 1940s. The first assembly languages emerged in the late 1950s with the introduction of commercial computers. The first procedural languages were developed in the late 1950s to early 1960s: FORTRAN, created by John Backus, and then COBOL, created by Grace Hopper. The first functional language was LISP, written by John McCarthy in the late 1950s. Although heavily updated, all three languages are still widely used today.In the late 1960s, the first object-oriented languages, such as SIMULA, emerged. Logic languages became well known in the mid 1970s with the introduction of PROLOG, a language used to program artificial intelligence software. During the 1970s, procedural languages continued to develop with ALGOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C, and Ada. SMALLTALK was a highly influential object-oriented language that led to the merging of object-oriented and procedural languages in C++ and more recently in JA V A. Although pure logic languages have declined in popularity, variations have become vitally important in the form of relational languages for modern databases, such as SQL.计算机语言与编程一、引言在计算机科学中，编程语言是用来编写可被计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。
毕业设计中英文翻译【范本模板】
英文The road (highway)The road is one kind of linear construction used for travel。
It is made of the roadbed，the road surface, the bridge, the culvert and the tunnel. In addition, it also has the crossing of lines, the protective project and the traffic engineering and the route facility。
The roadbed is the base of road surface, road shoulder，side slope, side ditch foundations. It is stone material structure, which is designed according to route's plane position .The roadbed, as the base of travel, must guarantee that it has the enough intensity and the stability that can prevent the water and other natural disaster from corroding.The road surface is the surface of road. It is single or complex structure built with mixture。
The road surface require being smooth，having enough intensity，good stability and anti—slippery function. The quality of road surface directly affects the safe, comfort and the traffic。
外文翻译译文模板
要求：1、外文资料翻译内容要求：外文资料的内容应为本学科研究领域，并与毕业设计（论文）选题相关的技术资料或专业文献，译文字数应不少于3000汉字以上，同时应在译文末注明原文的出处。
不可采用网络中直接有外文和原文的。
2、外文资料翻译格式要求：译文题目采用小二号黑体，居中；译文正文采用宋体小四号，段前、段后距为0行；行距：固定值20磅。
英文原文如果为打印的话用新罗马（Times New Roman）小四号字。
装订时原文在前，译文在后。
文章中有引用的地方在原文中也要体现。
参考文献也要翻译成中文！用于无线传感器网络数据估算的节能协调算法摘要：无线传感器网络的各节点是用电池供电的，网络的生存期取决于各节点的能耗大小。
考虑到这类传感器网络在不同地方，节点都是检测单一现象并发送信息到汇聚中心(Fusion Center， FC为其缩写形式)，以便汇聚中心能够处理实时信息。
在传统的系统中，数据处理任务是由汇聚中心来完成的，在传输之前是没有进行加工处理的。
在综合各种适值计算方法基础上，把网络分成了多个簇，数据分两个部分进行处理。
第一个部分是在各个簇的各个传感器节点上完成本地数据共享。
第二部分将在汇聚中心从各簇节点接收到所有的信息后完成。
本地数据共享将会使比特数据传输方面更高效。
在每个簇的所有节点上，我们可以采用相同的数据备份和一个虚拟的多输入-多输出（V-MIMO）架构，在簇到汇聚（FC）中心之间进行数据传输。
一个虚拟V-MIMO网络是由一组的分布式节点组成，每个节点都有自己的天线。
通过他们之间的数据共享，这些节点将变成传统的MIMO 系统。
在协同/虚拟的MIMO架构提出之前，协同阶段是没有进行任何数据处理或压缩的。
我们改变现有的V-MIMO网络算法来适应我们所关心的特殊类别的传感器网络。
我们用正交的时空分组码（STBC）作为MIMO部分。
通过仿真表明，这种算法相比于传统系统更加节能。
I.简介一个典型的无线传感器网络是由一组小型的、低价的和只有有限能源的传感器节点组成。
合同翻译模板英文
合同翻译模板英文Contract Translation Template[Your Name][Your Address][City, State, Zip][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Client's Name][Client's Address][City, State, Zip]Dear [Client's Name],RE: CONTRACT TRANSLATION SERVICESI am writing to offer my professional contract translation services to assist you in translating your contract from Chinese to English. I have extensive experience in providing accurate and high-quality translations, ensuring that the linguistic and legal nuances of the original document are faithfully preserved.Below, you will find the terms and conditions of our agreement:1. Translation Scope:I will translate the entire Chinese contract into English, including all sections, provisions, and appendices. The translated document will maintain the same structure and formatting as the original text.2. Quality Assurance:I guarantee a high level of accuracy and will meticulously review the translated document to ensure it is error-free and ready for immediate use. I will also cross-reference legal terminology and consult relevant dictionaries and reference materials to ensure terminological consistency.3. Confidentiality:I understand the sensitivity of the information contained in your contract, and I assure you of complete confidentiality. I will not disclose any part of the contract or its contents to any third party without your prior written consent.4. Timeline:The turnaround time for the translation will depend on the length and complexity of the contract. However, I will strive to deliver the translated document within [number of days/weeks]. I will provide regular updates on the progress of the translation project.5. Payment Terms:My rate for contract translation is [rate per word/hour]. I will provide you with an accurate quote based on the word count of the document. Payment is to be made via [preferred payment method] upon completion and delivery of the translated contract.Please note that the terms and conditions stated above are subject to negotiation and amendment. If there are any specific requirements or preferences you would like to discuss, please do not hesitate to contact me.To proceed with the contract translation, kindly sign and return a copy of this letter by [deadline]. Upon receipt of the signed letter, I will prepare an official translation agreement for both parties to sign.Thank you for considering my services, and I look forward to the opportunity to work with you. Should you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to contact me at [email address] or [phone number].Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。
毕业设计中英文翻译封皮格式及装订顺序
毕业设计中英文翻译学生姓名： 学号： 学专 指导教师：年 月（小二号居中）三号楷体 三号楷体 三号楷体1．×××××××（一级标题用小3号黑体，加粗，并留出上0.5行，段后0.5行）（作为文章2级标题，用小4号黑体，加粗）×××××××××（小4号宋体）××××××…………1.1.1 ××××（作为正文3级标题，用小4号黑体，不加粗）×××××××××（小4号宋体，行距1.5倍）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××………装订顺序：1、英文文章2、中文翻译外文翻译译文题目一种自动化夹具设计方法原稿题目A Clamping Design Approach for Automated Fixture Design原稿出处Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 18:784–789一种自动化夹具设计方法塞西尔美国，拉斯克鲁塞斯，新墨西哥州立大学，，工业工程系，虚拟企业工程实验室（VEEL）在这片论文里，描述了一种新的计算机辅助夹具设计方法。
对于一个给定的工件，这种夹具设计方法包含了识别加紧表面和夹紧位置点。
通过使用一种定位设计方法去夹紧和支撑工件，并且当机器正在运行的时候，可以根据刀具来正确定位工件。
翻译资料格式
山东理工大学
毕业设计
（外文翻译材料）
电气与电子工程学院学院：
专业：
学生姓名：
指导教师：
外文翻译材料格式要求：
1.页边距：上3.8；下3.8；左3.2，右3.2；页眉距边界
2.8，页脚距边界3
2.原文题目：Simulation Modeling of UML Software Architectures Arial，小三；间距：段前18磅，段后12磅，间距21磅
3.原文正文：Times New Roman，小四；间距：段前0磅，段后6磅，间距21
磅
4.译文题目：黑体，小三；间距：同原文题目
5.译文正文：宋体，小四；间距同原文正文
6.页眉页脚：原文页眉处写：外文翻译（原文），宋体，五号。
译文页眉处写：
外文翻译（译文），宋体，五号。
原文译文的页脚统一编页码（不要单独编页码）。
- 1 -
- 2 -。
文章作文模板英语翻译
文章作文模板英语翻译Title: Article Writing Template。
Writing articles is an essential skill that is required in various fields. Whether you are a student, a professional, or a content creator, knowing how to structure and write an article is crucial. In this article, we will provide a template for writing an article in English. This template can be used as a guide to help you organize your thoughts and present your ideas in a clear and effective manner.Introduction。
The introduction is the opening paragraph of your article. It should grab the reader's attention and provide a brief overview of what the article will be about. In the introduction, you can start with a quote, a question, or a startling fact to engage the reader. Then, you should provide some background information on the topic and clearly state the main idea or thesis of the article.Body。
户口本和身份证中英文翻译模板
签证用户口簿翻译模板（标准版）看到网上有不少办理出国签证用的户口簿英文翻译模板，其中很多翻译不准确，甚至闹笑话，或者犯一些严重的原则性错误，可谓“误人子弟”（其中最不可容忍的，是将“民族，民族成分”译为nationality！甚至我所见过的几乎90%的“专业”翻译公司都这么译，真真正正地误人子弟！）。
更重要的是，误导签证官，最终白白耽误驴友自己的工夫。
现将标准版户口翻译件模板，以及英文个人信息填写指南贴上来，希望能够方便各位驴友。
译者的专业是法律，经常接触和处理一些外国的法律文件，因此对一些专用名词的翻译还是很有自信的。
同时希望英文高手和法律专家对本模板提出宝贵意见，共同完善之，以造福广大驴友。
友情提醒：在填写个人信息内容时，请务必反复核对，确保真实、准确、完整。
有时候一个小小的失误甚至笔误，足可以引起签证官的怀疑，平添不必要的麻烦。
译者本人去过10几个国家，多次办理个人签证，这方面的经验教训还是有的。
Register of Residence ChangeInformation of MemberUpdates of Member's Information翻译及填写注意事项：1．户号：Household number注意，我不知道其他地区的户口簿中这个“户号”是如何打印的。
北京的户号是红色字体，打印在表格外右上角。
表格内“户号”一栏反而是空的。
填写的时候一定要注意，不要忘了将模板上的No. 88888888改为实际的户号。
2．集体户：Corporate很多人将“集体户口”译为collective，是根据字面按照汉语思维做的机械翻译。
译为corporate较为恰当。
非农业家庭户即为Non-agricultural family。
非农业集体户即为Non-agricultural corporate。
其他依此类推。
有的户口簿“户口类型”一栏不注明“农业”或“非农业”，直接就是“家庭户”或“集体口”。