英汉对比研究期末考试重点
英汉对比研究
house that was built by Jack.
…
17
对.
不对.
他不对.
我认为他不对.
我告诉过你我认为他不对.
我明明告诉过你我认为他不对.
…16…
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt（麦芽）. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the
英汉语言对比
Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages
1
A Contrastive Study in General
1、谱系 ( language family)
汉语 --- 汉臧语系 Sino-Tibetan
英语 --- 印欧语系 Indo-European
2、 类型 (type) 语言 的本质
汉语 --- 分析型 (analytical)
英语 --- 综合型 (synthetic);
2
3. 文字系统 (writing system)
汉语: 表意文字 (ideographic) 表意音文字
(ideo-phonographic)
汉英语言对比 期末考试
2011-2012学年第二学期《汉英语言对比》期末考试试题1．英语汉语的差别，可以大致分为八类：刚性与柔性; 聚集与流散; 形合与意合; 物称与人称; 被动与主动; 静态与动态; 抽象与具体; 显性与隐性。
选取其中之一，结合所学内容，按照自己理解，自拟题目，写结课论文一篇，字数不少于1000字。
要求：立论明晰，例证充分，方法合理，结构完整。
或：2．下列是朱自清散文《匆匆》中的一段话和三个译本，试从汉英语言对比角度，简单评述。
要求：字数不得少于150字。
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们吧：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了吧：现在又到了哪里呢？我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。
在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。
我不禁汗涔涔而泪潸潸了。
1）Rush （translated by Zhu Chunshen）Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of re-greening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? — If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide then? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?I do not know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days has already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.2）Transient Days (translated by Zhang Peiji)If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment?I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.3）Days Gone By (translated by Zhang Mengjing)When the swallows have gone, there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered, there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded, there is still time to blossom. But please tell me, the genius, why then have my days gone and never returned? If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now?I don't know how many days I have been given, but the in my hands are becoming numbered. Counting silently, eight thousand days have slipped by. Just like water drops a pinpoint dripping slowly into the vast ocean, my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly. I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears.注：格式：5号宋体（英语部分用times new roman），题目用黑体。
《英汉对比研究》笔记
《英汉对比研究》笔记《英汉对比研究》笔记综合语与分析语聚集与流散形合与意合繁复与简短物称与人称被动与主动静态与动态抽象与具体间接与直接替换与重复第一章综合语与分析语综合语为“运用形态变化来表达语法关系”，如拉丁语、德语及古英语。
分析语为“用词序及虚词来表达语法关系”，如汉语。
英语为“综合-分析语”，表现为1.形态变化；2.固定的词序及丰富的虚词；英语为拼音文字，有语调（intonation）；汉字为形声字，有声调（tone）表达语法意义的三大手段：形态变化、词序和虚词。
（一）形态变化，即词的形式变化。
1.构词形态，词缀变化（affixation）,包括前缀（prefix）和后缀（suffix）。
英语有，汉语没有，所以英汉互译时，要改变词性、转换词类。
2.构形形态，即词形变化，包括人称代词，名词单复数和时态。
New factories are being built all over the country.全国到处都在兴建新工厂。
（二）词序形态变化越多的语言，词序越灵活，反之亦然。
英语词序比汉语灵活的一个表现就是英语中的倒装句。
原因就是“形态变化”和“连接词”；而中文缺乏形态变化，少用或不用连接词，词序较固定。
形态变化规则要求句中词语之间保持语法关系一致，只要词语之间前后呼应，就容易灵活安排；汉语无这种一致的关系，只能按照表意的需要排序词序。
a)He had to quit the position and went in exile, having beendeprived of his power.他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，流落他乡。
b)a very important questiona question of great importance一个很重要的问题c)at an unprecedented speedat a speed unprecedented以空前的速度d)There is no inconsistence in what he said.There is nothing inconsistent in what he said.他说的话并没有前后矛盾之处。
英汉语言文化比较期末重点
《英汉语言文化比较》讲义第1讲语言与文化概述1.The relationship between language and culture.Language and culture are inseparably intertwined.(1) Language is a part of culture.(2) Language is a manifestation of culture. (Culture manifests itself both in patterns of language and thought, and in forms of activity and behavior.)(3) Language is the stimulus of culture (A flourished language can promote the development of culture.)2.English speakers are good at abstract thinking while the Chinese are aptto think in terms of images.3.English speakers prefer analytical thinking while the Chinese prefercomprehensive thinking.4.English speakers think more in a linear way while the Chinese think moreor less in a curving way.5.According to Whorf hypothesis, “The language that an individual speaksfacilitates particular ways of thinking.”第2讲英汉语发展简史11.Based on morphological classification (形态分类法), English belongs toinflected language (屈折语), while Chinese belongs to isolating language (孤立语).2.Based on structural classification (结构分类法), both English and Chinesebelong to analytic language (分析语).3.Based on genetic classification (谱系分类法), English belongs toIndo-European Language Family, and Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan Language Family.4.English is a West Germanic (西日耳曼语支) language that originated fromthe Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders.5.English is a phoneme language (表音文字) and Chinese is an ideographiclanguage (表意文字).6.The first people in England about whose language we have definiteknowledge are the Celts.7.After the Norman Conquest, English entered the period of Middle English.8.The period from 450 to 1150 is known as Old English. From 1150 to 1500the language is known as Middle English. The language since 1500 is called Modern English (1500-1700, early Modern English, 1700 until now, later Modern English).9.The main differences between Chinese words and English words: a)Letters in English are like strokes in Chinese. b) Morphemes in English are like radicals in Chinese. c) Chinese associative compounds (会意字) are like English compound words.第3讲英汉语发展简史21.Chinese and most related languages share features that make them unlikemost Western languages: They are monosyllabic, have even less inflection than English, and are tonal.2.In Chinese, a syllabic structure has three essential components: initials(声母), finals (韵母), and tones (声调). Chinese pinyin system has 21 initial consonants, 36 final vowels and 4 tones.3.According to Xu Shen’s (许慎) research, Chinese characters can be dividedinto six groups: 1) Pictographs (≈4%) 象形; 2) Ideographs (≈1%) 指事; 3) Logical Aggregates (≈13%) 会意; 4) Phonetic Complexes (≈82%) 形声; 5) Associative Transformations (a small portion) 转注; 6) Borrowings (a small portion) 假借.第4讲英汉语构词法1.Word formation in English:1)Compounding (合成法): T wo or more words are joined together toform a new word. (For example: home + work →homework)2)Prefixation (前缀法): Prefixation is the formation of new words byadding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. (For example:Pejorative prefixes (贬义前缀): mal-, pseudo-, mis-, ill-).3)Suffixation (后缀法): Suffixation is the formation of new words byadding suffixes to stems. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, the primary function of suffixes is to change the grammatical function of stems.4)Conversion (转化法): Conversion is a word-formation whereby a wordof a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix. It is also called zero derivation (零位派生). (For example: 1) Problems snowballed by the hour. 2) Sandwich the two bread halves together and cut into 1-inch-wide slices.)5)Shortening (缩略法)6)Blending (拼缀法): Blending is a process of word-formation in which anew word is formed by combining parts of two words. The result of such a process is called a blend. Blending is a process of both compounding and abbreviation. For example, smog (smoke＋fog).7)Back-formation (逆成法): a process of word-formation by which aword is created by the deletion of a supposed suffix. It is also known as a reverse derivation.8)Eponyms9)T oponyms2.Word formation in Chinese:1)The overwhelming majority of the Old-Chinese morphemes aremono-syllabic.2)61% of the 3,000 most commonly used Chinese words are disyllabic.3)Chinese prefixes mostly involve morphemes such as 老, 小, 第, and初.4)Some so-called Chinese suffixes are added as a way of nominalization,like 度, 性, etc.第5讲英汉词语的文化涵比较11.In Chinese, the word xīn (心) that primarily denotes the heart organ mayalso refer to the “organ for thinking”and the “seat of thought and emotions”.2.In contrast, according to the Western view, heart is seen as the center ofemotions/feelings and the head (the locus of the brain with which the mind is associated) as the center of thought.3.Based on the metaphor “heart as a physical entity”, the following wordsare formed in Chinese: 心房, 心窝, 心田, 心地, and 心弦.4.Research proves that if a language only has two color words, they must beblack and white; if the language has the third color word, it must be red;if it has the fourth one, it must be yellow or green.第6讲英汉词语的文化涵比较21.Dog has a negative connotation in “a dog in the manger”.2.Traditionally, people have talked about “fixed expressions”, stressing thefixedness of these expressions, but corpus studies have shown that many of the phrases can actually be varied.3.An idiom is a fixed or semi-fixed expression whose meaning cannot bededuced from its parts. But very few idioms are 100% fixed.第7讲英语抽象名词和汉语具体名词1.The plural forms of abstract English nouns often have the function ofconcretization, for example, ratings, attractions and breakdowns.第8讲形合与意合1.Hypotaxis (形合): The dependent or subordinate relationship of clauseswith connectives. For example: It was cold because the snows came.2.Parataxis (意合): The arranging of clauses or phrases without connectivesshowing the relations between them. For example: It was cold; the snows came.第9讲英汉句法比较1. A topic-prominent language is a language that organizes its syntax toemphasize the topic–comment structure of the sentence. Chinese is considered to be a topic-prominent language, where the topic of the sentence takes precedence in the sentence.2. A subject-prominent language (e.g. English) is a language in which thegrammatical units of subject and predicate (S V) are basic to thestructure of sentences and in which sentences usually have subject-predicate structure.第10讲英语被动句和汉语主动句1.English uses far more passive sentences than Chinese./ Passive voicesentences are more common in English than in Chinese.2.Many sentences in English have inanimate/impersonal subjects (无灵主语),while Chinese use this pattern less frequently. For example, “The thick carpet on the corridor killed the sound of my footsteps.”第11讲语篇对比11.According to Halliday and Hasan, collocation is “cohesion that is achievedthrough the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur”. The association is achieved when the lexical items have a tendency to appear in similar lexical environments or when they are related lexicosemantically.2.a) This is a fine hall you have here. I’m proud to be lecturing in it.(Reference)b) This is a fine hall you have here. I’ve never lectured in a finer one.(Substitution)c) This is a fine hall you have here. I’ve never lectured in a finer. (Ellipsis)第12讲语篇对比21.The normal pattern to develop an English paragraph: topic sentence (mainpoint/ central thought) – supporting details.第13讲隐喻、文化和世界观1.Sports metaphors are used by all Americans, regardless of class,professions, race, age or gender. The reasons are as follows:1)Most Americans believe competition to be one quality that has madeAmerica great.2)“Being the best” American mentality has often turned everyday lifeinto a sport game. People compete in almost everything.3)American schools are another contributing factor to the Americansports mania. In many schools, athletics outweighs all other programsin terms of money and attention received.4)As a country, from the national to the local level, Americans go out oftheir way to honor athletes.2.The literal use of 吃includes 吃面, 吃饭. (not吃惊, 吃香, 吃官司, 吃败仗). The literal use of 吃饭includes 吃冷饭. (not 吃干饭, 吃闲饭, 吃软饭)第14讲基于语料库的英汉语比较与翻译考察1.Corpus (pl. corpora or corpuses): a collection of text, now usually inmachine-readable form and compiled to be representative of a particular kind of language and often provided with some kind of annotation.2.Parallel corpus is most useful for translation studies.第15讲个人主义与集体主义1.Highly individualistic cultures include the U.S., Australia, Great Britain,Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Italy. Some examples of collectivist cultures include India, Japan and China.Short Answer Questions:1.What are the different types of transliterations (音译)? Give theChinese borrowings from English as examples.Answer: The first type is phonetic loans: 摩登、咖啡、咖喱、巧克力、克隆。
汉英翻译期末考试整理
汉英翻译期末考试整理————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：她望着蔚蓝的大海。
She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。
As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。
(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航承前启后，继往开来的重要时期。
汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点
1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。
英汉对比与翻译期末复习指南
英汉对比与翻译概论期末复习指南Cha. 1一、汉语的注音⏹汉语是象形文字，不具有表音的作用。
⏹历史上曾有过多种为汉字注音的尝试，如：❑直音：午，音五。
❑反切：力，了一切。
∴王力→王了一❑注音字母(1918)：ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌ(bpmfdtnl)❑Wade-Giles (威妥玛–翟理斯式拼音法,简称威氏拼音法, 1867/1912): Mao Tse-tung, Chou Enlai❑汉语拼音(1958/1978)：Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai❑2009年初台湾宣布采用汉语拼音二、英语的注音⏹国际音标⏹KK音标⏹韦氏音标Cha. 2一、音译⏹音译法⏹是用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词或词组的发音而引入吸收新词的一种主要方法。
❑音译法常用来翻译专有名词(人名、地名)，但有些外来商品的商标，部分书名、电影、电视剧、戏剧名，科技发明创造，以及某些新生事物所产生的新词语也采用音译法。
❑音译往往是不得已而为之，音译过来的东西往往无法从字面上看出其内涵，有时译文会使读者产生文化隔膜，导致理解上的困难。
⏹全音译：⏹指全部按照英语单词的发音来选择汉字表达的翻译方法。
❑这种译法很有异国情调，给人以新鲜感，时髦感，体现时代精神，紧跟时代潮流。
⏹analgin 安乃近⏹Bisquit 百事吉⏹copy 拷贝⏹Delicious 得利斯⏹Fiyta 飞亚达⏹Kodak 柯达⏹Ford 福特⏹Lactov 乐口福⏹Lucky 乐凯⏹Paloma 百乐满⏹party 派对⏹Polaroid 宝利莱⏹salad 色拉⏹shampoo 香波⏹toast 吐司⏹部分音译部分意译：⏹指在英语名词音译前或后再加上说明性文字，让人们知道该名称的性质是什么。
❑但随着该词的流行和接受程度，意译部分逐渐淘汰，弃而不用。
⏹B owling 保龄球⏹Cookies 曲奇饼⏹Clean & Clear 可伶可俐洗面奶⏹Disco 迪斯科舞⏹Jacket 夹克衫⏹Golf 高尔夫球⏹Good 古德面包⏹Head & Shoulders 海飞丝洗发露⏹Jeep 吉普车⏹More 摩尔香烟⏹Pizza 比萨饼⏹Safeguard 舒肤佳香皂⏹Sardine 沙丁鱼罐头⏹Toffee 太妃糖⏹Top 脱普洗头膏⏹Sony 索尼电器⏹Waltz 华尔兹舞⏹约定俗成的译名不应重新改译，最好尽量保留原译名。
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.参考答案:up2.英语的句子书面上以句号、问号或感叹号结尾，句子的界限非常清晰。
参考答案:正确3.古英语词汇在现代英语词汇中无足轻重。
参考答案:错误4.______进入英国，使得英语越来越规范。
参考答案:印刷术5.声母和韵母相同的字、词，其意义往往靠不同的______来区别。
参考答案:声调6.I cannot care less about the result of the interview. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我一点也不在乎这次面试的结果。
7.汉语的被动式所表达的一般是不如意或不企望的事情参考答案:正确8.I'd do it with pleasure, only that I am too busy. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我很高兴去做这件事，只是我太忙了做不了。
9.隐喻类似于传统意义上修辞学中的暗喻，指人们用一个具体的概念来理解另一个抽象概念的方式。
参考答案:正确10.英语的结构被动句要比汉语结构被动使用频率高得多。
参考答案:正确11.汉语中的婚姻表达比英语中包含更多的容器隐喻。
参考答案:正确12.“他最近情绪很低落。
"该句的译文是 He's been so ______ lately.参考答案:down13.“望子成龙”的译文是“to hope one's children will ______”。
参考答案:have a bright future14.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?参考答案:开玩笑15.“喜结连理，百年好合。
”该句中包含的婚姻隐喻是______？参考答案:婚姻是连接16.连动结构中所有动词与同一主语构成主谓关系。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
， ， a ， , , , .
一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼，称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。
1)a ．
彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。
2)a ．
他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。
P107
6) ’s — ．
这小伙子面相老实，性情随和，（因此）到处吃得开（有人缘）。
8）.
在美国国土上，没有一座城市曾经遭受过如此严重的破坏。
10）.
我有过两次不同场合的重要经历，这使我产生了一种几乎带有神秘色彩)一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。
—．
2)近来忙于其他事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。
a ．
第五章 物称与人称
P106
1) ’s , . ( ： )
一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地受到关怀与照顾。
2) ．
我兴奋得什么话也说不出来。
3) ．(： 3200)
我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。
4) —— , ．(W．： )
丽贝卡看见她周围的小姐那么福气，享受种种优越的权利，却有说不出的眼红。
3) a , ． ．
这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。
4) a ．
电流可以把动力传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计。
5)a ．
当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。
P79
2)人(若)不犯我，我(则)不犯人。
．
3)说是说了，没有结果。(=我虽然说了，但是没有结果。)
I 1．
4)凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。
I ．
5)调查结果证明，他就是那婴儿的生父。
.
6)他走起路来，不知何时起给人一种庄重的印象。
A .
8)丛林中死一般沉寂，他还是毫无睡意。
a .
10)我觉得有三分怅惘，三分无奈。然而，思之又觉释然。
A a .
13)小梅心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼。
’s ’s ．
P110
6）A .
许多人由于消息不灵通，或者由于没有受过正规的教育训练，因此不能用一般都判读标准去判断这种新奇的现象。
7） ’s .
由于香港地理位置优越，加上免征各种进口税，这个东方城市长期以来成为各种进出亚洲货物的理想中转货运基地。
P111
4）I .
我感到很饿，又发现日影移动，这使我明白：自从我睡着以后，太阳已走了很长的路了。
， ．
第六章 被动与主动
P125
1) ． ( )
每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村。
2) ．
在教堂里，人们不仅要有礼貌，而且应该有一种虔诚的态度。
3) , , ．
人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。
为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。
a , , a , , a .
那是个天气晴朗，金黄可爱的秋天，美好的秋色为那些青年送别。待到战后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，昔日的青年已经失去了青春。
, .
认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是言过其实。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
抵达伦敦的第一天上午，我就去参观大英博物馆。
6）.
在西部沙漠，士兵们没有装甲车和大炮的掩护是不行的（是进不去的/是寸步难行的/是没有立足之地的）
P116
2)看树看果实，看人看作为。
A ， a ．
3)必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改进教学方法。
.
4)只要知道电压和电流，就能确定电阻。
．
5)当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便从一个物体转到另一个物体。
5）.
谁想要理解拿破仑其人及其对近代欧洲所产生的影响，谁就得稍微注意他的家族特征。
1）a .
要掌握一门语言，必须下苦功夫。
2).
即使抄最近的路，也要花5小时才能到达那里。
4).
黄昏时分，人们发现这个小女孩在街上哭泣。
5）a .
只稍再经过几次失败，（我们）就能研制出价廉的人工心脏了。
P112
3)a .
P59
不到黄河不死心。
’s .
这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。
a , ．
许多房子，盖着琉璃瓦，曲曲折折，无数的朱红栏杆。（吴敬梓：《儒林外史》）
．
第三章 形合与意合
P74
a .
过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。
I , , .
I‟ ， ．
4)打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。
， ．
2)种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
， ．
5)聪明一世，糊涂一时。
a ， a 1．
6)不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜?
， ?
第四章 繁复与简短
P96
1).
以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的，行不通的，并以此聊以自慰，这样的岁月早已一去不复返。
2）） ?
对于与自己的救世活动密切相关的事情视而不见，充耳不闻的人，难道我们心甘情愿与之为伍吗？
P97
1) ．
门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。(比较：门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。)
2) I I ．
我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着哩。(比较：关于我所访问的一些地方和遇见的不少人有许多奇妙的故事可以讲。)
P100
2)因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。
英汉对比研究期末考试重点：
第二章 刚性与柔性
P53.
a , a .
现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。
“” “”.
谈判期间，各国的利益变化不断，好像万花筒似的，这就使人难以分辨出究竟谁是“胜者”，谁是“输家”。
A , ; a .
人们所知道的几千个星球并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数的星球却大得足以容下成千上万个地球还绰绰有余；我们到处都能遇见大得足以容纳千千万万个地球的巨星。
1 ．
P101
4)他这时已是将近六旬的人，一表人才，高个儿，眉目清秀，头发又多又黑，略带花白，恰好衬出他那堂堂的仪表。
，a ， ．
5)我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的河水滚滚流过。
。 ．
6)倾刻之间，滚滚的浊水象堵墙一般压了下来，一古脑儿连人带车都给冲走了。这情景，直到现在还印在我的脑海里。