初四第一次考试题

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初四第一次月考数学试题

初四第一次月考数学试题

大庆市第六十九中学初四第一次月考数学试题考生注意:1、考生须将自己的姓名,准考证号填写到试卷和答题卡规定的位置。

2、选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,在选涂其他答案标号。

3、非选择题用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡相应位置作答,在试题卷上作答无效。

4、考试时间120分钟。

5、全卷共26小题,总分120分。

一.选择题(共10小题,每题3分,共30分)1.下列函数表达式中,一定为二次函数的是()A.y=-3x﹣5B.h=-C.y=ax2+bx+c D.y=-x2+2.把二次函数y =﹣x2﹣2x+3用配方法化成y=a(x﹣h)2+k的形式()A.y =﹣(x+4)2+7B.y =﹣(x-4)2+7C.y =(x﹣4)2-1D.y=-2221⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+x+73.对于二次函数y=(x﹣5)2+2的图象,下列说法不正确的是()A.开口向上B.顶点坐标是(5,2)C.与x轴有两个交点D.对称轴是直线x=54.抛物线y=x2+bx+c的图象先向右平移3个单位,再向上平移2个单位,所得图象的函数解析式为y=(x﹣2)2+3,则b、c的值为()A.b=-10,c=30B.b=2,c=2C.b=2,c=6D.b=0,c=-1 5.已知抛物线y=x2-4bx-5经过(﹣4,n)和(2,n)两点,则n的值为()A.7B.﹣3C.19D.36.抛物线y=-2x2+4上有两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),若y1<y2,则下列结论正确的是()A.x1<x2≤0B.0≤x2<x1C.0≤x2<x1或x1<x2≤0D.以上都不对7.如图,已知:正方形ABCD边长为2,E、F、G、H分别为各边上的点,且AE=BF=CG=DH,设小正方形EFGH的面积为s,AE为x,则s关于x的函数图象大致是()7题A .B .C.D .8.如图,将函数y =(x﹣3)2+2的图象沿y轴向上平移得到一条新函数的图座位号班级姓名出题教师宋慧琼审题教师马丽第1页共4页象,其中点A (1,m ),B (4,n )平移后的对应点分别为点A '、B '.若曲线段AB 扫过的面积为15(图中的阴影部分),则新图象的函数表达式是()A .()3321y 2--=x B .()12321y 2+-=x C .()8321y 2--=x D .()7321y 2+-=x 9.设函数y =a (x ﹣h )2+k (a ,h ,k 是实数,a ≠0),当x =-1时,y =1;当x =-8时,y =8,以下判断错误的是()A .若h =-4,则a <0B .若h =-5,则a <0C .若h =-6,则a <0D .若h =-7,则a <010.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0)的图象如图所示,下列结论①abc <0;②b ﹣a >c ;③2a +b =1;④3a +b >﹣c ;⑤2c <3b ;⑥(k +1)(ak +a +b )≤a +b(k 为任意实数),其中正确的个数是()8题10题A .3B .4C .5D .6二.填空题(共8小题,每题3分,共24分)11.已知A (﹣2,y 1)、B (﹣1,y 2)是二次函数y =x 2+3x ﹣2图象上的两个点,则y 1与y 2的大小关系为y 1y 2.12.已知二次函数y =x 2+(m +2)x +1,当x<-3时,y 随x 的增大而减小,而m 的取值范围是.13.在平面直角坐标系中,把抛物线y =x 2+2x ﹣3关于y 轴作轴对称变换,所得的新抛物线的解析式为.14.当﹣2≤x ≤4时,二次函数y =-x 2﹣2x +5有最小值m ,则m =.15.已知抛物线y =a (x ﹣h )2+k 与x 轴有两个交点A (﹣3,0),B (2,0),抛物线y =a (x ﹣h +m )2+k 与x 轴的一个交点是(5,0),则m 的值是.16.已知二次函数y =﹣x 2+2x +3及一次函数y =x +b ,将该二次函数在x 轴上方的图象沿x 轴翻折到x 轴下方,图象的其余部分不变,得到一个新图象(如图所示),当直线y =x +b 与新图象有4个交点时,b 的取值范围是.17.如图,点A ,B 的坐标分别为(2,5)和(5,5),抛物线y =a (x ﹣m )2+n 的顶点在线段AB 上运动,与x 轴交于C 、D 两点(C 在D 的左侧),点C 的横坐标最大值为2,则点D 的横坐标最小值为.18.在平面直角坐标系中,正方形ABCD 的顶点A ,B 的坐标分别为(0,3),(1,0),顶点C 在函数y =21x 2+bx ﹣1的图象上,将正方形ABCD 沿x 轴平移后得到正方形A ′B ′C ′D ′,点D 的对应点D ′落在抛物线上,则点D 与其对应点D ′间的距离为.16题图17题图18题图三.解答题(共8小题,共66分)19.(5分)已知二次函数的图象顶点是(﹣2,1),且经过(1,﹣3),求这个二次函数的表达式.20.(6分)已知抛物线y=(m﹣1)x2+m2﹣2m﹣2的图象开口向上,且经过点(0,-2).(1)(2分)求m的值.(2)(2分)求此抛物线的顶点坐标及对称轴.(3)(2分)当x为何值时,y随x的增大而增大?21.(6分)我们规定:若抛物线的顶点在坐标轴上,则称该抛物线为“数轴函数”.例如抛物线y=x2和y=(x﹣1)2都是“数轴函数”.(1)抛物线y=x2﹣6x+9和抛物线y=x2﹣5x是“数轴函数”吗?请说明理由;(2)若抛物线y=3x2+6mx+m2+8是“数轴函数”,求该抛物线的表达式.22.(9分)已知y关于x的二次函数y=(1-k)x2+2kx-k-2的图象与x轴有两个交点.(1)(3分)求k的取值范围;(2)若x1,x2是函数图象与x轴两个交点的横坐标,且满足kx1+kx2=2x1x2.①(3分)求k的值;②(3分)当k-2≤x≤k+2时,请结合函数图象确定y的取值范围.23.(9分)为备战2016年里约奥运会,中国女排的姑娘们刻苦训练,为国争光,如图,已知排球场的长度OD为18米,位于球场中线处球网的高度AB为2.24米,一队员站在点O处发球,排球从点O的正上方2米的C点向正前方飞出,当排球运行至离点O的水平距离OE为6米时,到达最高点G,建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系.(1)(3分)当球上升的最大高度为2.8米时,求排球飞行的高度y(单位:米)与水平距离x(单位:米)的函数关系式.(不要求写自变量x的取值范围).(2)(3分)在(1)的条件下,对方距球网0.6米的点F处有一队员,他起跳后的最大高度为2.6米,问这次她是否可以拦网成功?请通过计算说明.(3)(3分)若队员发球既要过球网,又不出边界,问排球飞行的最大高度h 的取值范围是多少?(排球压线属于没出界)23题座位号班级姓名第3页共4页24.(12分)如图,已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象过A(2,0),B(0,﹣1)和C(4,5)三点.(1)(3分)求二次函数的解析式;(2)(3分)设二次函数的图象与x轴的另一个交点为D,并在抛物线的对称轴上找一点P,使三角形PBD的周长最小,求出点D和点P的坐标;(3)(3分)在直线CD下方的抛物线上是否存在一点E,使得△DCE的面积最大,若有求出点E的坐标及面积的最大值.(4)(3分)在同一坐标系中画出直线y=x+1,并直接写出当x在什么范围内时,一次函数的值大于二次函数的值.25.(9分)温州某商店以每件30元的价格购进一种商品,经市场调查发现:在一段时间内,该商品的日销售量y(件)与售价x(元/件)成一次函数关系,其对应关系如下表.售价(元/件)455060日销售量(件)130120100(1)(3分)求y关于x的函数表达式.(2)(3分)求售价为多少时,日销售利润w最大,最大利润是多少元.(3)(3分)该商店准备搞节日促销活动,顾客每购买一件该商品奖m元(m >0),要想在日销售量不少于90件时的日销售最大利润是2700元,若日销售量与售价仍然满足(1)中的函数关系,求m的值.(每件销售利润=售价﹣进价)26.(10分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象与x轴相交于A,B两点,与y轴交于点C,已知点A(2,0),点B(8,0),且BC=10.(1)(3分)求二次函数的解析式;(2)(3分)若点D的坐标为(﹣29,0),试判断△DCB的形状,并说明理由;(3)(4分)在抛物线的对称轴上是否存在点P,使得以B,C,P为顶点的三角形是直角三角形?若存在,请求出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.。

2021到2022学年第二学期第一次模拟考试初四英语试题

2021到2022学年第二学期第一次模拟考试初四英语试题

2021到2022学年第二学期第一次模拟考试初四英语试题1、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair2、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a3、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost4、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient5、Every means _____ but it's not so effective. [单选题] *A. have been triedB. has been tried(正确答案)C. have triedD. has tried6、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles7、The famous writer, _____ writings for China Daily I appreciate a lot , is invited to give a speech in our university. [单选题] *A. thatB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. who8、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法9、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. ()[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me10、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither11、The black coal there shows a sharp()white snow. [单选题] *A. contract withB. content withC. contact toD. contrast to(正确答案)12、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or13、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)14、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers?I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant15、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap16、He prefers to use the word “strange”to describe the way()she walks. [单选题] *A. in which(正确答案)B. by whichC. in thatD. by that17、Mary is interested ______ hiking. [单选题] *A. onB. byC. in(正确答案)D. at18、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die19、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes20、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a21、Was()that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself22、I hope Tom will arrive _______ to attend the meeting. [单选题] *A. in timesB. on time(正确答案)C. at timesD. from time to time23、John suggest _____ anything about it until they found out more facts. [单选题] *A not to sayB. not sayC to say notD not saying(正确答案)24、I _______ to the tape yesterday evening. [单选题] *A. lookB. listenC. listened(正确答案)D. hear25、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown26、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /27、We have ______ homework today. ()[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much28、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use29、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she(B)me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told30、34.My mother usually_______ much time shopping in the supermarkets on weekends. [单选题] *A.spends (正确答案)B.costs C.takes D.pays。

2023年黑龙江省大庆市肇源县中考一模语文试题

2023年黑龙江省大庆市肇源县中考一模语文试题

肇源县初四毕业班第一次摸底考试语文试题考生注意:1、考生须将自己的姓名、准考证号填写到试卷和答题卡规定的位置。

2、选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

3、非选择题用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答,在试题卷上作答无效。

4、考试时间120分钟。

5、全卷分三部分,基础知识部分24分,阅读部分46 分,作文部分50分,总分120。

一、基础知识积累与运用(24分)1.根据拼音写汉字,要求规范、工整、美观。

(2分)少一点对物欲的追求,多一点对知识的渴求;少一点人云亦云的跟风,多一点独立思考的精神,人生境界才能达到zhǎn新的高度,活出不一样的精彩。

当别人在埋头刷朋友圈和微博,聊最新的娱乐圈八卦,玩新出的网络游戏时,你则手捧一本书,坐在放有一杯咖啡或清茶的茶几旁,或是在庸懒的午后,或是在寂liáo 的夜晚,独自享受这一份静好。

2.下列各组词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一组是()(2分)A.娉.婷(pīng)筵.席(yán)顷.刻(qīng)强.聒不舍(qiǎng)B.鲜妍.(yán)掺.杂(cān)挑剔.(tī)浮光掠.影(luè)C.佝偻.(lóu)熏陶.(táo)诡谲.(jué)间不容发.(fà)D.游弋.(yè)恣雎.(suī)囫.囵(hú)怒不可遏.(è)3.下列句子中加点的词语使用不恰当的一项是()(3分)A.人的一生,有艰难困苦的逆境,也有峰回路转....的风景。

B.就写景来说,无论何种景物,要描写得惟妙惟肖....,都要费许多笔墨。

C.面对妈妈精心烹制的一桌美味菜肴,求职失利的他吃着却味同嚼蜡....,毫无食欲。

D.季羡林讲课,语调平稳,语言朴实,没有一丝的煽情,却叫人不能不正襟危坐....,洗耳恭听。

4.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()(3分)A.一个人如果要开创光明的前程,关键在于持之以恒的努力和付出才能够实现。

初四英语考试试卷(含答案)

初四英语考试试卷(含答案)

初四英语第一次月考测试题命题教师:茂兴中学 李忠梅考生注意: 1. 考试时间120分钟第一部分 听力测试 (共25分)一、听句子,根据内容和问题提示,选择正确图画。

听一遍。

(每小题1分,共5分) ( )1. What is John looking for?( )2. How does Tom learn Chinese?( )3. What time does Miss Yuan drive to the office?( )4. How does Mr Huang go to work?( )5. What' s Linda' s favourite subject?二、 听下面5段对话,每段对话后面有一个小题,从题中所给的A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。

每段对话读两遍。

(每小题1分,共5分) ( )6. What's the man going to do? A. He's going to Wuchang.B. He's going to Wuchang railway station.C. He's going to meet someone.( )7. What are the two friends talking about?A. Summer holidays.B. Their hometown.C. Their friends. ( )8. When does Jim go to school every day? A. At six. B. At seven. C. At five. ( )9. Why did Mr. Smith go to Nanjing?A. To visit a factory.B. To give a talk.C. To have a holiday. ( )10. .Which book is the most interesting to the man?A. The storybook.B. The picture book.C. The detective book. 三、听下面3段对话,每段对话后面有几个小题,从题中所给的A.B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2013.10.23.初四第一次期中考试答案

2013.10.23.初四第一次期中考试答案
济宁一中分校 2013.10.24.
一、选择题: 1、将少量粉末状的樟脑球装入烧瓶,用酒精灯缓慢 加热,封闭在瓶内的树枝上逐渐出现玲珑洁白的 “人造雪景”,取出树枝,美丽的“雪景”会慢慢 消失,消失时发生的物态变化是( ) C A、汽化 B、液化 C、升华 D、凝华 2.小王将一杯常温的开水放入正常工作的冰箱的冷 冻室中,经过一段较长时间后,杯中的水发生了物 态变化,图1四个图像中能正确反映这杯水的物态变 化过程的是( D )
11.两带电小球,当它们靠近时互相排斥,则这两个小 球( D ) A、一定带负电荷 B、一定带正电荷 C、一定带异种电荷 D、一定带同种电荷 12.如图5(a)所示,当闭合开关S后,两个电压表的指 针偏转情况均如图(b)所示,则电灯L1和L2两端的电压 分别为( A ) A、4.8V,1.2V B、6V,1.2V C、1.2V,6V D、1.2V,4.8V
(3)
η=
Q水吸 Q木放
×100%
3.36×107J = 7J ×100% 9.6×10
=35 % 答: 水吸收的热量是3.36×107J ;干木柴完全燃烧 放出的热量是9.6×107J ;此灶锅的效率是35 % 。
7.内燃机在做功冲程中,高温气体迅速膨胀而做功, 此时气体的温度和内能的变化情况是( B ) A、温度不变,内能不变 B、温度降低内能减小 C、温度升高,内能增大 D、温度降低内能增大 图3 8.对如图3所示电路的分析,错误的是( C ) A.当断开S1、S2,闭合S3时,R1与R2为串联 B.当断开S3,闭合S1、S2时,R1与R2为并联 C.当断开S1,闭合S2、S3时,R1与R2为串联 D.只要同时闭合S1、S3,就会出现短路现象
图9
22.如图10所示是验证串联电路电压特点的实验器材, 请用笔画线代替导线完成电路连接,然后在方框内画出 电路图。要求:电压表测量L1两端电压,导线不能交叉。

英语初四月考建桥2014年第一次试题

英语初四月考建桥2014年第一次试题

2011级初四第一学期英语月考试题第一卷一、单选(15分)( )21.-Do you have ___electric dictionary?—No,but my parents will buy one for me .A.aB.anC.someD.the( )22.Peter____ come with us tonight, but he is not sure yet.A must B may C can D will( )23.The work is too hard for him. He _______ finish it on time.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t( )24.—Should a teenager _____ to get a driving license?—First go to a training center.A.be allowB.allowC.be allowedD.allowed( )25.The 20th World Cup _________ in Brazil,right?-Yes,It ______this summer.A.held;took placeB.was held ;was taken placeC.held;was taken placeD.was held;took place ( )26.who would you like to sit with, Wendy?--_____is OK.I don’t mind.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.AnybodyD.Everybody( )27.It’s 5:00 pm now. There must be some boys ____football in the playground.A.playB.playsC.playingD.to play( )28._______do you think this coat is? Is it Jim’s?----No,Jim is wearing a jacket today. I know _____it belongs to . It’s Tom’s.A.Who;whoB.Who;whoseC.Whose;whoD.Whose;whose( )29.My parents say that Guo Jingming’s movies are absurd(荒谬的).---Maybe they are right. But Guo is good at making films ___are liked by teenagers.A.whatB.thoseC.whoD.that( )30.The movie hunger game3 is so wonderful. Do you feel like ____it tonight?-----Yes.But I am afraid I won’t be allowed ____out too late.A.to watch; to stayB.watching; to stayC.watching;stayingD.to watch;staying( )31.Why do you look so sad?---Everyone will go to the party ____me.A.expectB.besidesC.exceptD.with( )32.--How was your trip to Hainan this summer?----Well,there was a typhoon (台风).________you can imagine,we had to stay in the hotel.A.AsB.SinceC.ThoughD.If( )33.--Did you rent a car when you were in Hong Kong?----yes.But I____there because the traffic moves on the left.A.didn’t use to driveB.didn’t use to drivingC.wasn’t used to drivingD. wasn’t used to drive ( )34.--I seldom keep _____on my computer for more than an hour.---Is that so ? But you seem to be comfortable ____games on your ipad for hours .A.working ;playingB.working;playC.to work;playingD.to work;play( )35.----I am sorry for being late for the party,Jane.---________We have just started.A.What a pity!B.How come?C.You’re welcome.D.It’s no big deal.二、完形填空(10分)Marc sat next to me when we were in Hill Junior School. He had a serious 36 incommunicating with people. One always had to guess what he was saying. 37 ,most of my classmates did not like to be with him because his hands and shirts were always 38 . I tried to let him know the importance of being clean by 39 him several times a day to wash his hands. But he just could not understand.One day,our teacher Miss West walked up to Marc.40 saying anything,she took Marc to the washroom. Slowly,Miss West washed his 41 and told him that he should keep himself clean. She did that every day for one month. 42 ,Marc understood. Miss West's love has given me a good example to follow when I 43 my job. I always remember to teach my students by showing them the right 44 to do things. And most important of all,I always remember to give them 45 to learn and to grow up.()36. A. question B. problem C. accident D. hobby()37. A. Instead B. However C. Besides D. Except()38. A. dirty B. clean C. new D. old()39. A. talking B. saying C. speaking D. telling()40. A. With B. Without C. After D. Above()41. A. face B. feet C. shirts D. hands()42. A. At last B. At first C. Such as D. So far()43. A. did B. am doing C. have done D. am going to do()44. A. ways B. answers C. time D. food()45. A. more advice B. less advice C. more time D. less time三、阅读(20分,A、B每题1分,C每题2分)(A)In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerrotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerro’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them. For example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的). Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the feelings, like other kinds of art.46、The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of .A.his business B.his house C.his garden D.his window47、The Daguerrotype was ________.A.a Frenchman B.a kind of pictureC.a kind of camera D.a photography48、If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to _______.A.watch lots of filmsB.buy an expensive cameraC.stop in most citiesD.take many films and something else with him49、Mathew Brady ________.A.was very lifelikeB.was famous for his unusual picturesC.was quite strongD.took many pictures of moving people50、This passage tells us ________.A.how photography was developedB.how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC.how to take pictures in the worldD.how to use different cameras(B)A recent report from Dazhou Daily says about 18% of Dazhou teenagers can have problems with their minds(内心,精神). Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.Zhang Qiang, a Junior 2 student from Dazhou, could not understand his teachers in class and was doing badly in his lessons. He was afraid of exams. When he looked at the exam paper, he couldn’t think of anything to write.Another student, a 15-year-old girl called Wu Yan from Guang’an often argued with her classmates even her parents because of some different ideas. She became so annoyed about them that she started to cut her finger with a knife.However, many students who have problems won’t go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid(愚蠢的)if they go to see a doctor. Others don’t want to talk about their secrets. In order to solve the teenagers’problems, here is some advice :●Talk to your parents or teachers often.●Take part in group activities and play sports.●Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell.51. It is reported that students in Dazhou can have problems with their minds.A.mostB. manyC. someD. all the52.From the passage we know teenagers have problems with their minds because of .A. their studyB. getting on with other peopleC. their hobbiesD. A and B.53. Wu Yan started to cut her finger with a knife because .A.she couldn’t get on well with her classmates and even her parentsB. she could not understand her teachers in classC. she was afraid of examsD. she had no money for a new shirt54. Why don’t the students who have problems want to go for help ?A.Because they think no one will help them.B. Because they don’t want to talk about their secrets and they think it’s stupid to see a doctor.C. Because they think they can solve the problems by themselves.D. Because they think the doctors could do nothing with their problems.55. How many pieces of advice are given to the teenagers who have problems in this passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.(C)Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country. It is a very serious prom. So she starts a health program to deal with it. The health program is to reduce(减少) the amount (数量)of fat students today and in the future.The program will get families, schools, newspapers, magazines and TVs to join together and deal with the students’obesity so that students will be at a healthier weight. The program includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods. Schools should serve healthier meals with less fat and should also offer gym classes.The lady is trying to fight the students’obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher health cost. She wants the students to eat right, exercise more and control (控制) their weight. She also wants the students to understand it is important to have less sweet food, and drink water, milk and fresh juices, but not to choose cokes. At the same time she has also set a good example by planting a vegetable garden. She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too.The health program is really helpful to the students today and in the future. As she says, we cannot always build the future for youth, but we can build our youth for the future.56. In Michelle’s country over _______ of the students are too fat.A. 75%B. a quarterC. a halfD. 15%57. The word “obesity”in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese.A. 厌食症B. 抑郁症C. 肥胖症D. 强迫症58. What does the lady want the shops to do?A. To offer gym classes.B. To plant a vegetable g arden.C. To serve meals with less fat.D. To sell healthier foods.59. It’s a good way for fat student to have ______ every day.A. more vegetablesB. sweet foodsC. many cokesD. much fat60. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. The lady introduces healthy drinks.B. The lady cares about food cost.C. The lady fights obesity in students.D. The lady feel worried about the height.第二卷四、首字母填空(5分)1.He w_______gets better and he needn’t stay in hospital.edies usually have happing e_______.3.Most historians agree the position of the stone must be for a special p______.4.The teacher always tell us the i__________ of the studying at school.5.Six people i__________me were invited to the party last night.五、翻译句子(10分)6.我们应当阻止人们过度砍伐树木。

鲁科版五四制初四物理(第一次月考电流电路电压电阻)

第1页共6页 第2页共6页学校 班级 姓名 考号···○○○······密·····封·····线·····○○○·····○○○······密·····封·····线·····○○○·····○○○······密·····封·····线·····○○○·····○○阶段性抽考试题初四 物理(时间: 70 分钟 分值: 100 分)题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 分数一、 选择题1、如图甲所示,验电器A 带负电,B 不带电。

用带有绝缘柄的金属棒把验电器A 、B 两金属球连接起来的瞬间(如图乙所示),金属棒( )A .电流方向由A 到B B .电流方向由B 到AC .有电流但方向无法确定D .始终无电流2、一个滑动变阻器标有“1.5A 50Ω”的字样,当它与一个阻值为30Ω的电阻串联接入电路时,整个电路总电阻的变化范围为( ) A . 30﹣80Ω B . 0﹣80Ω C . 0﹣50Ω D . 0﹣30Ω3、在超导体研究领域,我国已处于世界先进水平.若能研制出常温下的超导体,则可以用它制作( ) A . 家用保险丝 B . 白炽灯泡的灯丝 C . 电炉的电阻丝 D . 远距离输电导线4、下列有关“电”的说法正确的是( )世 A .摩擦起电的实质是创造了电荷 B .运动的电荷一定形成电流 C .电路两端有电压就一定有电流D .电阻中有电流它的两端一定有电压5、从欧姆定律可以导出公式R = U /I ,下列说法正确的是( )A .当电压U 增大为原来的2倍时,电阻R 也增大为原来的2倍B .当电流I 增大为原来的2倍时,电阻R 减小为原来的二分之一C .通过导体的电流若为零,电阻也为零D .即使导体两端的电压为零,电阻也不为零6、如图所示,AB 和BC 是由同种材料制成的长度相同、横截面积不同的两段导体,将它们串联后连入电路中,这两段导体两端的电压及通过它们的电流的大小关系正确的是( )A .U AB >U BC I AB =I BC B .U AB <U BC I AB =I BC C .U AB >U BC I AB <I BCD .U AB =U BC I AB <I BC 7、下列四位科学家中,以他的名字命名电阻单位的是( ) A . 安培 B . 欧姆 C . 瓦特 D . 伏特 8、如图所示的电路实物图,下列说法不正确的是( )A.只闭合S1时只有灯L1发光 B.只闭合S2时只有灯L2发光 C.同时断开S1、 S2时两灯串联 D.同时闭合S1、 S2时两灯并联9、如图所示电路中,电源电压保持不变,闭合开关S后,将滑动变阻器R 的滑片P 向左移动,在此过程中A. 电压表V 1示数变小,电压表V 2示数变大B. 电流表A 示数变小,电压表V 1示数不变C. 电流表A 示数不变,灯泡L 亮度变亮D. 电压表V 1示数不变,灯泡L 亮度变暗 10、家用电吹风由带扇叶的电动机和电热丝等组成.为了保证电吹风的安全使用,要求:电动机不工作时,电热丝不能发热;电热丝不发热时,电动机仍能工作.下列电路中符合要求的是( )A .B .C .D .11、在做探究电流与电阻的实验中,小翔连接如图所示的电路图, 他将AB 两点接入10Ω电阻,移动电阻器的滑片,读出电压表与电流表的示数,记录数据后,改用15Ω替换10Ω,闭合开关,接下来他的实验操作应该是( ) A 、观察电压表,向右移动滑片,读取电流数据 B 、观察电流表,向右移动滑片,读取电压数据 C 、观察电压表,向左移动滑片,读取电流数据 D 、观察电流表,向右移动滑片,读取电压数据ABAB甲乙第3页共6页第4页共6页12、如图所示电路中,电源电压保持不变。

初四语文试题(含答案)

2013---2014学年度初四上学期第一次质量检测语文试题出题人:于春娟注意:1、考试时间为120分钟; 2、全卷共5页; 3、请规范书写。

一、积累与运用(本题共6个小题,共24分)1.下列词语中加点字注音全部正确..的一项是()(3分)A.吮.(shǔn)吸膂.(lǚ)力消弭.(mǐ)偌.(nuî)大B.缱.(qiǎn)绻龟.(jūn)裂舷.(xuán)窗倔.(jué)强C.冗.(rǒng)杂祈.(qí)求叱咤.(zhà)宁.(nìng)可D.风靡.(mí)瞥.(piē)见女红.(hïng )淤.(yū)泥2.下列词语中,没有错别字.....的一项是()(3分)A. 岑寂矫揉造做周道如砥越俎代疱B. 惘然风声鹤唳黯然失色张皇失措C. 沉缅万恶不赦刚愎自用睡眼惺松D. 瓦砾重蹈复辙精神矍烁大庭广众3.下列句子中成语运用有误..的一项是( ) (3分)A.伏尔泰毕生都在嘲笑那些道貌岸然....的贵族,被誉为“欧洲的良心”。

B.听到总理这样风趣幽默的回答,一名外国记者忍俊不禁....。

C.如今团购市场方兴未艾....,各家团购网站之间竞争激烈。

D.水浒传这部小说情节跌宕起伏,抑扬顿挫....,具有很强的感染力。

4.对病句提出的修改意见不正确.......的一项是()(3分)A. 我估计他这道题一定做错了。

修改意见:把“一定”改为“可能”。

B. 经过阿富汗和伊拉克两次战争,美国得出无须依靠大型军事基地也可以打赢一场战争。

修改意见:在句末加“的结论”。

C. 震后,用我们勤劳的双手,在废墟上重建社会主义美好家园。

修改意见:把“用”移至“我们”后。

D. 父亲从头到脚凝视着面前的儿子,激动得热泪盈眶,一句话也说不出来。

修改意见:把“凝视”改为“注视”。

5.古诗文默写(共8分)(1)庭下如积水空明,,盖竹柏影也。

(苏轼《记承天寺夜游》)(2)新时代的中学生应志存高远,在成功与挫折面前努力保持一种“,”的良好心态。

山东淄博初四数学测试(一)第一次月考试题

初四数学阶段性检测试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一.选择题(共10小题)1.二次函数y=x2﹣4x+3的二次项系数、一次项系数和常数项分别是()A.1,4,3B.0,4,3C.1,﹣4,3D.0,﹣4,3 2.已知α为锐角,且2sin(α﹣10°)=,则α等于()A.50°B.60°C.70°D.80°3.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,sin A=,BC=2,则AB等于()A.B.4C.4D.64.如图,点A(3,4)在第一象限,OA与x轴所夹的锐角为α,则cosα=()A.B.C.D.5.在直角△ABC中,∠C=90°,sin A=,那么tan B=()A.B.C.D.6.如图,一根3米长的竹竿AB斜靠在墙边(∠O=90°),倾斜角为α,当竹竿的顶端A 下滑到点A′时,底端B向右滑到了点B',此时倾斜角为β,则BB'的长为()A.(3sinα﹣3sinβ)米B.(3sinβ﹣3sinα)米C.(3cosα﹣3cosβ)米D.(3cosβ﹣3cosα)米7.若y=(m﹣1)是关于x的二次函数,则m的值为()A.﹣2B.﹣2或1C.1D.不存在8.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,则下列选项正确的是()A.sin A+sin B<1B.sin A+sin B>1C.sin A+sin B=1D.sin A+sin B≤19.在同一平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y=﹣kx+1与二次函数y=x2+k的大致图象可以是()A.B.C.D.10.如图,一渔船以32海里/时的速度向正北航行,在A处看到灯塔S在渔船的北偏东30°,半小时后航行到B处看到灯塔S在船的北偏东60°,若渔船继续向正北航行到C处时,此时渔船在灯塔S的正西方向,此时灯塔S与渔船的距离()A.16海里B.18海里C.8海里D.8海里二.填空题(共4小题)11.二次函数y=x2﹣3的顶点坐标是.12.在△ABC中,(tan A﹣3)2+|2cos B﹣|=0,则△ABC为三角形.13.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,D为边AC上一点,∠A=∠CBD,若AC=8cm,cos∠CBD=,则边AB=cm.14.构建几何图形解决代数问题是“数形结合”思想的重要性,在计算tan15°时,如图,在Rt△ACB中,∠C=90°,∠ABC=30°,延长CB使BD=AB,连接AD,得∠D=15°,所以tan15°====2﹣.类比这种方法,计算tan22.5°的值为.三.解答题(共4小题)15.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,∠A﹣∠B=30°,a﹣b=2﹣2,解这个直角三角形.16.2021年“五一”期间,修复后的安阳老城东南城墙及魁星阁与市民见面,这一始建于北魏天兴元年(公元398年)的建筑,在1600多年后,以崭新的面貌向世人展示历史印记,古代安阳“魁星取水”景观即将重现.某数学学习小组利用卷尺和自制的测角仪测量魁星阁顶端距离地面的高度,如图所示,他们在地面一条水平步道FB上架设测角仪,先在点F处测得魁星阁顶端A的仰角是26°,朝魁星阁方向走20米到达G处,在G处测得魁星阁顶端A的仰角是45°.若测角仪CF 和DG的高度均为1.5米,求魁星阁顶端距离地面的高度(图中AB的值).(参考数据:sin26°≈0.44,cos24°≈0.90,tan26°≈0.49,≈1.41,结果精确到0.1米)17.邓州杏山地质公园位于河南省邓州市西南约50公里处,紧邻丹江口水库南水北调渠首,面积32.5平方公里.公园地质景观及自然景观为原始状态,是一座集岩溶地貌、典型底层剖面和地质构造为主,水体为辅、人文和生态相互辉映的综合性公园(如图1).双休日期间,小明携带测量工具随妈妈到杏山地质公园游览,为测量杏山主峰的高度.如图2,小明在坡角为30°(∠CDE=30°)的斜坡C处测得峰顶A的仰角为31°,沿斜坡CD 走80m到平坦地面上点D处,测得峰顶A的仰角为45°.(1)求主峰到地面的高度AB(结果保留整数;参考数据sin31°≈0.5,cos31°≈0.9,tan31°≈0.6,≈1.73)(2)妈妈借助手机某项功能得到杏山主峰海拔为469m,所测水平地面的海拔为263m,请你算出小明测量主峰高度的误差,并帮助他提一条减小误差的方法.18.已知二次函数y=ax2(a≠0)与一次函数y=kx﹣2的图象相交于A、B两点,如图所示,其中A(﹣1,﹣1),求△OAB的面积.。

初四物理第一次月考试卷

初四物理第一次月考试卷 姓名: 班级:一填空题(共32分)1、为了得到6伏电压,应用___________节干电池串联起来。

给电池充电时,实际就是___________能转化成__________能的过程。

电池工作时,在电池内部不断的把正电荷运送到干电池的 极。

2、 把一捆塑料绳扎紧,用干燥的手向下捋几下,发现塑料绳张开了,原因是3、甲铁块的质量是乙铁块质量的2倍,它们吸收了相等的热量,则甲、乙比热容之比____________,甲、乙升高的温度之比____________。

4、质量为50千克的铁块,温度从100℃降低到20℃,则铁块放出的热量是 焦。

5、两个物体间要进行热传递,必须存在 ,太阳能热水器是通过 方式从太阳获得热量的,从滑梯上下滑的小朋友感觉很烫,是通过 方式增加内能的。

6、内燃机一共有 个冲程,其中压缩冲程是把 能转化为 能,做功冲程是把 能转化为 能,其中 冲程是直接提供动力的冲程。

7、铜比铝的比热容小,意思是在相同质量及相同温度变化的情况下,铜吸收或放出的热量比铝_________,或者在相同质量及相同吸热或放热的情况下,铜的温度变化________。

8、现有质量和初温都相等的铝块、铁块和铜块,其比热容C 铝>C 铁>C 铜,它们吸收相等的热量后,末温最高的是______块,末温最低的是______块。

9、右表为几种物质的比热容,查表可知酒精的比热容 铁的比热容。

(选填“大于”、“等于”、“小于” ),质量为2千克的铜块,温度升高50℃,吸收的热量是 焦。

10、如图所示,验电器的金属箔片张开是因为 种电荷互相排斥,用手接触验电器的金属球后金属箔片闭合,这种说明人体是 ,用久的风扇扇叶上布满尘土主要是由于风扇旋转与空气发生 ,从而有了 性质。

11、闭合开关S1, 灯发光,闭合开关S2, 灯工作,同时闭合开关S1和S2 ,L1和L2是 联,L2和L3是 联。

二、选择题:(共分)12、热水和冷水相互混合的时候,热水降低的温度和冷水升高的温度( )A. 相等B. 热水降低的温度一定大于冷水升高的温度;C. 当热水质量等于冷水质量时,热水降低的温度等于冷水升高的温度;D. 热水降低的温度一定小于冷水升高的温度. 13、下列情况中,比热容会发生变化的是 ( )A.将水由杯中泼到地面B.将橡皮泥捏成泥人C.砖块的体积减少一半D.水结成冰 14、汽车发动机需用水来冷却,这主要是因为( )A .水的温度低B .水便宜C .水冷比风冷更简便些D .水的比热容大,冷却效果好15、把温度为-4℃的冰块投入密闭隔热盛有0℃水的容器中,混合后的温度仍为0℃,下列判断正确的是( )A .冰的质量减少了.B .冰的质量没变化.C .冰的质量增加了.D .以上情况均有可能16、现有A 、B 、C 三个轻质小球。

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2010-2011年初四英语第一次阶段性评价一、单项选择:( ) 1. The girl won ____ dollars in the lottery.A. million ofB. millionsC. millions ofD. two millions( ) 2. I would also rather ____ at home than ____ out.A.staying, goB. to stay, to goC. stay, to goD. stay, go( ) 3. Do you have ____ to tell us?A. important somethingB. some thing importantC. important anythingD. anything important( ) 4. There is ____ snow on thr road. The snow is _____ heavy.A.too much, too muchB. much too, much tooC. too much, much tooD. much too, too much( )5. The book ___ Linda’s. Look! Her name is on the cover.A. can beB.could beC.must beD.may be( )6. Look! The children are having fun ___.A.flying kitesB. fly kitesC. to fly kitesD.are flying kites() 7. The villagers urged their children ______ hard.A. to studyB.of studyC.to studyingD.study()8. This is my new pen. It _____ me 18 yuan.A. costB. spentC.paidD.took()9. This kind of food is cooked by a cooker _____ Jack.A. callB.callsC.calledD.calling()10.Tom was born ____ June12,1994. A. on B. in C.at D.with() 11. The teacher asked me ___ late for school.A.why was I.B. why am IC. why I wasD. why I am()12. The news was so _____ that he was very _____.A.thrilled, thrillingB. thrilling, thrillC. thrill, thrilledD. thrilling , thrilled ()13. —I’m sorry I ____ my homework at home.—That’s all right. Don’t forget ___ it to school tomorrow.A.forgot, to takeB.forgot, to bringC.left, to takeD.left, to bring.()14. The news shocked ____ country.A. whole theB.the wholeC.the allD.all( ) 15. My parents ___ a new bike for me.A.against buyingB. are against to buyC.are against buyingD.against buy ( ) 16. I don’t think any of the jackets is all right. They are ___ too big ___ too small..A.both, andB. neither, norC.either,orD. not only, but also( )17.---Who the paper in the world? ----Cai lun .A. invented, didB. was intented, wasC.did invent,wasD. invented, was ()18. Would you please stop ____ and _____ to me carefully?A.to talk,to listenB. talking, listenC. to talk, listeningD.talking, to listen()19. Table is made ____ wood, and paper is made _____ wood.A. of, fromB. of ,byC.from, ofD.from, into( ) 20. There ___ a good TV show this evening.A.hasB. will haveC. wasD. is going to be二、完形填空A little boy wanted to meet God, so he started his trip with some cakes and orange juice. On his way he saw an old woman 1 in the park. The boy sat down next to her. The old lady looked 2 , so he offered her a cake. She 3 it thankfully and smiled at him. Her smile was 4 pretty that the boy wanted to see it again, so he gave her a bottle of orange juice. Once again she smiled at him. The boy was very happy! They sat there all afternoon eating and smiling, but they never say a word. As it grew dark, the boy got up to leave.5 he left, he gave her a kiss. She gave him her6 smile ever.When the boy 7 home, his mother saw the look of joy 8 his face. She asked him, 9 made you so happy?" He replied, "I had lunch with God. She's got the most beautiful smile I' ve ever seen!" The old woman also returned to her home__10__. Her son asked, "Mother, why are you so happy?" She answered, " I ate cakes in the park with God.You know, he's much younger than I expected . "( )21.A. sits B. sitting C. to sit D. sat( )22 .A. hungry B. angry C. thirsty D. tired( )23. A. received B. gave C. accepted D. refused( )24. A. very B. too C. so D. quite( )25. A. Before B. After C. Since D. Until( )26. A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest ( )27. A. got to B. got C. reaches D. arrived in( )28. A. in B. with C. at D. on( )29. A. Which B. Where C. What D. Why ( )30.A. happily B. happy C. happiness D. happier三、阅读理解AWhen pet get sick, you can usually take them to an animal doctor or an animal hospital. Sometimes animals are so sick or hurt that you shouldn't move them . That's why Dr. Bird, a veterinarian, has a traveling hospital. Dr. Bird drives his hospital, which is really a van, to the animals.Dr. Bird has run the hospital for over10 years , and he has saved the lives of many pets. The van has an operating table, medicines and everything else he needs to treat animals. Dr. Bird says that there will soon be many more traveling hospitals to help sick or injured animals.31. The best name is ____.A. Why People Get SickB. A Traveling HospitalC. Dogs Make Good PetsD. A Very Sick Animal32. Dr. Bird has run the hospital for ______.A. 12 yearsB. 10 yearsC. 15 yearsD. 20 years33. The story says that Dr Bird's hospital has _____.A. thick rugsB. no lightsC. toysD. medicines34. Dr Bird is ______.A. a dentistB. an animal doctorC. very youngD. very sick35. The word "veterinarian" means_______.A. animal doctorB. nurseC. farmerD. truck driverBMr Turner liked fishing. It was his favourite sport. He often fished for hours without catching anything. But this did not worry him. Some fishermen couldn't catch fish. Sometimes they caught old boots or rubbish . Mr Turner was even worse than the fishermen. He never caught anything –not even old boots. After he spent whole morning on the river, he always went home with an empty bag."You must give up fishing !" his friends said ," It's a waste of time." "But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing.I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all. It can make me forget the noise of the city and live quietly for some time. " he always said to himself.36. Mr Turner always went fishing because ______.A. he could sell the fish and get some moneyB. he thought it was a good sportC. he could cook the fish for supperD. he could sit in a boat37. Mr Turner liked to fish_____.A. by the riverB. in a boat on the riverC. in the riverD. with the fishermen38. He always went home with an empty bag because ______.A. he couldn't fish at allB. there weren't any fish in the riverC. he gave the fish to the fishermenD. he didn't pay attention to fishing at all39. His friends told him _____ when they knew he couldn't catch anything.A.to learn how to fishB. to change the way of fishingC.not to fish any moreD. to buy fish to eat40. From the story we knew Mr Turner______A. lived in the countryB. was a good fishermanC. was interested in fishingD. disliked the noise of the cityCSoon it would be the holidays. But before that, there were the end of year exams. All the students had been working hard for some time. If they didn’t pass, they would have to retake the exams in September. There were usually a few who failed, but Kate decided not to be one of them. She had worked hard all day, but just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister was worried about her. She was staying up too late. The night before the first exam, Barbala insisted (坚持) that she should have an early night and take a sleeping pill. She promised (许诺) to wake her in the morning.As she was falling asleep, Kate was worried in case(万一) she over-slept. Her mind kept jumping from subject to subject. At last, with the help of the pill, she fell asleep. In no time at all, she was sitting in the examination hall, looking at the paper. S he couldn’t answer any of the questions. Everyone round her was writing pages and pages. However hard she thought, she couldn’t find anything to write about. She kept looking at her watch. Time was running out. There was only one hour left. She started one question, wrote two sentences, gave up and tried another one. With only half an hour left she wrote another two sentences. By this time she was so worried that she started crying. Her whole body shook(摇晃,震颤). It shook so much that it woke her up. She was still in bed and it had all been a terrible dream. A minute later, Barbala called her name.41. Which of the following is true?A All the students were usually successful in their exams.B Most of the students usually passed the year exams.C Only some of the students could pass the end of year exams.D None of the students would take the exams again in September.42. When you prepare for an exam,________A you go over your lessons.B You read new books.C You take the exam again and again.D You look through the exam.43. Kate worked very hard before the exams for ______A she was very poor at her lessons.B she decided to be the best one in her class.C she didn’t work hard all year.D she didn’t want to fail in them.44. Why did Barbala insist that Kate should take a sleeping pill?A Because she thought Kate should oversleep before the first exam.B Because Kate was so worried about her exams that she couldn’t go to sleep at all.C Because Barbala hoped her sister would have a good sleep before the first exam.D Because she had promised to wake her up the next morning.45. Kate dreamed a terrible dream simply because ______A she had taken a sleeping pill.B she was too worried about her exams.C her sister had forgotten to wake her up.D she did not pass the exams.四、首字母填空:47. Whose pen is this? —It might b_________ to Alice.48. We have p________ of money. We can buy anything we want.49. Zoos provide clean and safe places for e___________ animals to live in.50. She sells the model toys to r________ money for the Children’s Hospital.51. The tea was invented by a___________.52. A__________ to the weather report, we are going to have seven rainy days.53. Don’t p_______ the car on this busy street.54. We might first say, “ I’m sorry to t_________ you but.” Before asking others for help.55. Why were you late this moring? Because my car b_______ down on the way.56. There is nothing in the bottle. It’s e_________.五、综合填空阅读短文,根据短文内容和已给出的首字母,在空白处填入适当的单词。

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