翻译理论与实践 (文稿)
翻译实践报告实训内容(精选9篇)
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翻译理论与实践 第一节
(二)理解逻辑关系
为了透彻理解原文，译者往往还得上下有联系地理 解原文的逻辑关系。有时原文里的一个词、一个词 组或一个句子可能有几种不同的意思，就得仔细推 敲，估计实际情况，根据逻辑推理来决定哪一种是 确切的译法。 It is good for him to do that. 这样做对他有好处。 他这样做是件好事。
第三部分：“五四”之后的近代翻译 史
“五四”是我国近代翻译史的分水岭。“五四” 以前最显著的表现是，以严复、林纾等为代 表翻译了一系列西方资产阶级学术名著和文 学作品，“五四”以后，我国翻译事业开创 了一个新的历史时期，开始介绍马列主义经 典著作和无产阶级文学作品。
第三部分：“五四”之后的近代翻译 史：
玄奘：
世称三藏法师，俗称唐僧 。他在唐太宗贞观 二年出发去印度求经，十七年后才回国。他 带回佛经657部，主持了比过去组织制度更加 健全的译场。他不但把佛经由梵文译为汉文， 而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文，成为第 一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人。
第二部分：“五四”之前的近代翻译 史
翻译理论与实践
第一章：我国翻译史简介
第一部分：佛经翻译 安世高 三支 释道安 佛教三大翻译家
安世高：
佛经翻译是在东汉桓帝建和二年（公元一四 八年）开始的，安世高是当时的译者，也是 佛经翻译的创始人。
三支：
支娄迦谶（支谶）：月支国人，译了十多部佛经， 译笔生硬，读者不易看懂。 支亮：支谶的弟子 支谦：字恭明，三国时期高僧，月支国优婆塞人， 体形细长黑瘦。汉末来中国，他的祖父法度在东汉 灵帝时，率国人数百移居中国，支谦同来，至洛阳， 受业于支谶的门人支亮。他懂得多种西域文，精通 梵语，博览经籍，翻译了数十种佛经重要典藉。因 其博学超众，曾被吴主孙权拜为博士。
翻译理论与实践(29)
作业讲评：The Founders of Modern ScienceThe men who founded modern science had two merits which are not necessarily found together: immense patience in observation, and great boldness in framing hypothesis. The second of these merits had belonged to the earliest Greek philosophers; the first existed, to a considerable degree, in the later astronomers of antiquity. But no one among the ancients, except perhaps Aristarchus, possessed both merits, and no one in the Middle Ages possessed either. Copernicus, like his great successors, possessed both. He knew all that could be known, with the instruments existing in his days, about the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies on the celestial sphere, and he perceived that the diurnal rotation of the earth was a more economical hypothesis than the revolution of all the celestial spheres.创立近代科学的那些人有两种不一定并存的长处：作观察时十分耐心，设假说时有大无畏精神。
[英语学习]翻译理论与实践
![[英语学习]翻译理论与实践](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/99dcc22e0912a216147929cd.png)
The definition is:
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
成都家教，成都家教网；
综合各家之长: (Sum Up)
• 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种 语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、 传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是 推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 • Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.
推荐网站
1. 中国翻译协会
2. 传神社区
3. 众译网
4. 翻译中国
5. 正方翻译论坛
推荐期刊
1. 《中国翻译》 中国翻译协会 主办
2. 《上海翻译》
上海科技翻译学会 主办
成都家教，成都家教网；
课堂简报——《译文》
课堂简报——《译文》
成都家教，成都家教网；
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
• A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
翻译理论与实践(14)
作业讲评：British newspapers – all of them some of the time, and some of them all the time – behave badly in two ways. They intrude unnecessarily and often hurtfully into people’s privacy; and they publish inaccurate, sometimes made-up stories. The victims have little redress. If they are rich and the article is defamatory, they can sue for libel. Most cannot afford to do so, and even the rich cannot prevent an invasion of their privacy. Fierce competition, particularly between tabloid newspapers, leads to more feet in more doors.英国的报纸有两点做得很不象话。
一是无端侵犯别人的私生活，并往往给人造成精神上的伤害；二是刊登失实的，有时甚至是无中生有的报道。
所有的报纸都无一例外，有的偶尔为之，有的则几乎天天如此。
受害人名誉受损，但得不到什么洗刷。
受害人若是有钱人家，加上报纸刊登的文章又确是恶意中伤，那么他们便可以诽谤罪向法院起诉。
但大多数受害人是打不起这种官司的。
即使是有钱人也不能使自己的隐私免受侵犯。
各种报纸之间，特别是各种图片小报之间的激烈竞争，导致这种寻觅个人和家庭隐私材料作报道的行为日见其多。
Comparison between English and Chinese (continued)substitutive (替换) vs. repetitive（重复）1．Substitution (替代)1).Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.2). In any case work does not include time, but power does在任何情况下，功不包括时间，但功率却包括时间。
翻译的实习报告
翻译的实习报告一、实习背景及目的我于XX年XX月加入公司名称的翻译部门，担任翻译助理实习生。
实习期为三个月，旨在通过实践提升翻译技巧、了解翻译项目管理流程并对翻译行业进行深入了解。
二、实习工作内容1. 翻译和校对文档在实习期间，我参与了多个翻译项目。
根据分配，我负责将英文文档翻译为中文，并对翻译结果进行校对，确保准确性和流畅性。
这其中包括合同、商务文件、产品说明书等各类文档。
在翻译过程中，我积极学习和运用语境分析、术语研究等技巧，努力保持对原文意思的准确传达。
2. 协助项目管理除了翻译工作，我还协助项目经理进行项目管理和进程跟踪。
在项目开始阶段，我负责收集和整理所需的参考资料，协助翻译团队掌握背景信息和专业术语。
在项目进行中，我及时与翻译人员沟通，解答他们在文本理解或术语使用方面遇到的问题，并协助解决翻译中的难点。
3. 学习和讨论翻译技巧在实习期间，我们每周组织一次集体学习和讨论会。
在这些会议上，我们分享和探讨各自在实践中遇到的翻译问题和解决方法。
这些讨论对我提高翻译水平和增强团队合作意识起到了积极作用。
三、实习心得和收获1. 专业技能的提升通过参与实际翻译项目，我巩固了翻译基础知识，提高了翻译的准确性和效率。
在校对过程中，我对常见错误和注意事项进行了总结，并学会了使用各类翻译工具提高工作效率。
同时，通过与项目经理的合作，我了解了翻译项目的管理流程，包括任务分配、进度跟踪和协作沟通等方面。
2. 跨文化交流的体验在实习期间，我接触并翻译了大量来自不同国家和文化背景的文档。
这使我更加了解各国文化习俗、法律法规，提高了我的跨文化沟通能力。
同时，通过与翻译团队的合作，我学会了团队协作和解决工作中的分歧，这对我的人际交往和合作能力也带来了很大的提升。
3. 对翻译行业的认识通过实习，我对翻译行业的运作有了更深入的了解。
我明白了翻译职业的要求和挑战，同时也认识到了自身在职业发展中的不足之处，为今后的学习和提升制定了明确的计划。
翻译理论与实践(4)
浪漫
一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室工作。小伙子性格内向，不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩表达他的爱慕之意。写情书罢，小伙子是学理工的，一直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一句有文采的话。至于直截了当告诉女孩说“我爱你”，小伙子更没有那胆量。这样的恋情应该说没有什么希望的了。事实上一年后他们结了婚。有人向小伙子讨教，他说：“我上班第一件事就是为她泡上一杯她喜欢的喝的绿茶。她胃不好，我经常备些胃药放在她桌上。一开始她不知道是我做的这些事情，时间长了就知道了。”我不知道，泡茶送药是否是一种浪漫。浪漫是没有定式的，或许那些实实在在的呵护和关爱才是真正的浪漫。
翻译的单位问题
以词为单位
What is this?-------什么是这？
短语为单位
a girl in red……一个女孩穿红衣服
分句为单位
Her mother died when she was only ten.
她母亲死了，当她只有十岁时
句子为单位
I cannot call riches better than the baggage of virtue. (Francis Bacon)
Some language points in the target text:
endowment
1.money that is given to a college or hospital, etc. in order to provide it with an income, or the giving of this money
The two girls set out,one just in front of the otheralong a narrow path. They had walked for some time when Daojing, who was ahead, turned and stared fixedly at her companion. Her face was unusually white,“I have got to give up my studies,…”（消除歧义）
理论与实践作文600
理论与实践作文600"英文回答，"In theory, everything seems perfect and ideal. We learn about different concepts, principles, and methods that seem to work flawlessly on paper. However, when it comes to putting these theories into practice, we often encounter various challenges and obstacles that we didn't anticipate.For example, in my economics class, we learned aboutthe concept of supply and demand. The theory made perfect sense to me, and I could easily solve problems on paper. However, when I tried to apply the same concept to real-life situations, I found that there were many other factors at play that complicated the simple supply and demand model. Things like consumer behavior, market trends, and government policies all had an impact on the actual market situation."中文回答，"理论和实践之间总是有一定的差距。
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翻译理论与实践复习资料应英081班痞子第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则一、翻译的定义1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flaver.( Columbia Encyclopedia)2. Translating consists in reproducing in the recepter language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
（孙致礼 2003：6 ）二、翻译的原则1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize “faithfulness”! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance. (译事三难，信，达，雅。
求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉)Faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text.Expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. Elegance means the translated text should keep the style of the original.① Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war。
那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.――作用力与反作用力大小相等，方向相反．③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.――我们都会想念他的，我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿．④ For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.古往今来多少离合悲欢,谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸！⑤ Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.――有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之．2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)In the case of the effect, translating is like painting from a copy what to desire and get is not alike in appearance but in spirit.(以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
)① From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the villege. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.――从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往．② He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.――他经营生意，可是几乎血本无归．3.Qian ZhongshuTheory of Huajing: The highest standard of literary translation is “Hua” (化)(digestion), when a translator converts a language into another one, his or her version can completely keep the original flavor as well as show no signs of stiff word-for-word translation because of the conventional differentiation of language and culture.（文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”。
把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于“化境”。
）① Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石，沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里，但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑，使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色，卡普里岛远离尘嚣，但景色宣人，生机盎然。
② The young people were all in high favour, especially Alice, whose sweet face and temper would have endeared her to the devil himself, but there was much shaking of heads over her handsome husband, Peter, who had a hot eye for a fine leg, as Matty put it, and was apt to put an arm round the kitchen girls if he had the chance.仆人们对家里年轻的主人都充满好感，特别对艾丽丝更是如此。
她的脸蛋长得甜甜，脾气又特别随和，就是魔鬼见了她也会喜欢。
但谈起她那位英俊的丈夫——彼得，许多仆人是摇头的，玛蒂形容说，他见了女人标致的大腿，眼睛就会色迷迷的，如果逮着机会还会去搂一把年轻厨娘的腰。
4. Alexander Fraser Tytler(1)A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.(2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.(3) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.① You country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the people who struggle against terrorism. ――贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列．② It is the champion of apartheid.――它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首③A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.――千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容．④ Being invited to dance, she would not very well refuse.――有人请她跳舞，她不好意拒绝．5. Eugen A. Nida(1) Dynamic equivalence is therefore to be defined in terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language.(Nida and Taber: The Theory and practice of Translation: 1969; 24)(2)The reader of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of text must have understood and appreciated it 。
Nida: Language, Culture and Translating, 1993; 118①Poison (a name of cosmetic)――百爱神②Coca-Cola――可口可乐③《半夜鸡叫》 A Cock Crying at Midnight6. Peter Newmark(1)The main functions of language are expressive (the subjective or ‘I’ form), the descriptive or infor mative (the ‘it’ form) and the vocative or directive or persuasive (the ‘you’ form), the minor functions being the phatic, the metalingual and the aesthetic. All texts have aspects of the expressive, the informative and the vocative function(2)Semantic t ranslation is used for ‘expressive’ texts, communicative for ‘informative’ and ‘vocative’ texts.(3)Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.①迎客时说：路上辛苦了．――Did you enjoy your trip?②请客时说：没什么菜，随便吃．――Help yourself.7. Vermeer and Nord:(1) Skopo s: The translation purpose justifies the translation process…the end justifies the means.(2) The viability of the brief depends on the circumstances of the target culture, not on the source culture.(3) One of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee.(4) A text is made meaningful by the receiver and for the receiver.① Red Star Over China——《西行漫记》②While facing foreign pressure, China was also weakened by social unrest which resulted from a great increase in population and inadequate farmland. This led to peasant uprisings. The Taiping Rebellion. The most seriousone was the Taiping Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan. The rebellion was one of the most destructive unrest in history, taking as many as 30 million lives. …中国面临外患的同时，又因人口大增而耕地不足，引发社会动荡，国力减弱，农民起义此起彼伏。