名词的抽象译法

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名词的抽象和具体译法

名词的抽象和具体译法
• 开门见山→come straight to the point
• 狗急跳墙→do something desperate • 另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的
具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法, 主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词, 如:
• 谦虚态度→modesty
• 发展过程→development
3.Her indifference kept all the away from the exhibition hall.
她的冷漠态度把许多参观者挡在展览馆门外。
4.Every life has its roses and thorns.
每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
5.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature.
从事教学使我的工作进程有了规律, 使我的生活变得丰富多彩,既向我提 出了挑战,也为我提供了不断学习的 机会。
2.The stars twinkled in transparent clarity.
星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。
3.Public opinion is demanding more and more urgently that something must be done about air pollution.
翻译的具体和抽象
杨鉴琳 李孟云
原文抽象,译文具体
• 英语抽象名词具体化
• 以具体法补充外围语义成分
• 用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化
英语抽象名词具体化
从词类的使用来看, 英语多用名词,有 静,虚,抽象的特点;汉语多用动词, 有动,实,具体的特点。抽象名词中, 有许多为英语所独有,在汉语中很难 找到对应词。因此,在英译汉时,需 要运用词类的转化,意义的引申或加 适当的范畴词使其具体化,以便符合 汉语的习惯。

英汉翻译要点归纳

英汉翻译要点归纳

英汉翻译要点归纳一、翻译步骤1.断句:在标点符号、连词、关系词、介词、不定式符号to、分词处断句,找出句子主干On the whole, /(标点符号处)such a conclusion can be drawn /with(介词处) a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom(关系词处) he is being compared, /and(连词处) only if he was not punished/ by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.2.翻译:根据断句断开翻译并适当调整语序*语序问题:①中文为主语+废话+主要内容英文为主语+主要内容+废话or废话(多为状语)+主语+主要内容中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。

As a major developing country,(状语先译) China attaches great importance to the bilateral relations between China and the U.S(废话后译).②总分关系:中文先分后总,英文先总后分③事实与评论:中文先事实后评论,英文先评论后事实我们要努力学习英语,这是很重要的。

It is very important(先评论) for us to make efforts to study English.●比较级属于评论性词,最后译3.重读:看是否符合中文习惯二、两个规律1.谓语动词过渡:只译主要动词(强势动词,有感情色彩),不译次要动词(弱势动词,无感情色彩)I give you my support.我支持你(give弱势动词,不用翻译)2.抽象名词译法:【抽象名词:the+n.+of结构中名次通常为抽象名词,且常以“-tion,-sion,-ment,-ing”形式出现】译法:A.有动词词根:译为动词The suggestion of mine is that 我建议……B.无动词词根:进行增词the spirit of our nation我们民族所具有的精神C.AB互换(“偏正互换”译法)在英译汉中偏正→正偏treasury of silt宝贵的泥沙 European’s today当今的欧洲人三、中英文两个差异1.长短差异:中文善用短句,用标点隔开;英文善用长句,不用标点→在进行英译汉时要进行断句翻译2.动静差异:中文是动态性语言,善用动词副词,善用强势动词;英文是静态性语言,善用名词,善用弱势动词→在汉译英中常把ad.转化为v.,把v.转化为n.在经济上,我们要加快(副词)建立(动词)社会主义市场经济体制。

1 名词的抽象译法

1 名词的抽象译法

三、抽象译法句子翻译实例
1. 我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题 差距问题。 差距问题 【译文1】We must pay close attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas. 【译文2】We must pay close attention to the gap between coastal and inland areas. 2. 我们必须与腐败和各种不公正现象 不公正现象作斗争。 不公正现象 【译文】We must fight against corruption and injustice.
名词的抽象译法
抽象译法就是把具体的或比较具体的名词 用抽象的或比较抽象的名词来翻译。 一般认为,汉语中名词倾向于具体,常常 用实的形式表示虚的概念,以具体的形式 表达抽象的内容;而抽象名词的大量使用, 是现代英语的一个特点。 因此在汉译英的过程中,为了让译文忠实 通顺,我们不得不把原文中带有具体意义 或具体形象的名词进行抽象化处理。
9. 不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 【译文1】Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet. 【译文2】Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 10. 允跪而言曰:“百姓有倒悬之危,君臣有危 卵之急,非汝不能救也。”(罗贯中《三国演 义》) 【译文】Wang Yun knelt saying,”The people are on the break of destruction, the prinjeopardy, and you, you are the only saviour.

汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结

汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random(with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二.翻译下列句子(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。

英汉翻译要点整理

英汉翻译要点整理

英汉翻译要点整理一、翻译步骤1.断句:在标点符号、连词、关系词、介词、不定式符号to、分词处断句,找出句子主干On the whole, /(标点符号处)such a conclusion can be drawn /with(介词处) a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom(关系词处) he is being compared, /and(连词处) only if he was not punished/ by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.2.翻译:根据断句断开翻译并适当调整语序*语序问题:①中文为主语+废话+主要内容英文为主语+主要内容+废话or废话(多为状语)+主语+主要内容中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。

As a major developing country,(状语先译) China attaches great importance to the bilateral relations between China and the U.S(废话后译).②总分关系:中文先分后总,英文先总后分③事实与评论:中文先事实后评论,英文先评论后事实我们要努力学习英语,这是很重要的。

It is very important(先评论) for us to make efforts to study English.●比较级属于评论性词,最后译3.重读:看是否符合中文习惯二、两个规律1.谓语动词过渡:只译主要动词(强势动词,有感情色彩),不译次要动词(弱势动词,无感情色彩)I give you my support.我支持你(give弱势动词,不用翻译)2.抽象名词译法:【抽象名词:the+n.+of结构中名次通常为抽象名词,且常以“-tion,-sion,-ment,-ing”形式出现】译法:A.有动词词根:译为动词The suggestion of mine is that 我建议……B.无动词词根:进行增词the spirit of our nation我们民族所具有的精神C.AB互换(“偏正互换”译法)在英译汉中偏正→正偏treasury of silt宝贵的泥沙 European’s today当今的欧洲人三、中英文两个差异1.长短差异:中文善用短句,用标点隔开;英文善用长句,不用标点→在进行英译汉时要进行断句翻译2.动静差异:中文是动态性语言,善用动词副词,善用强势动词;英文是静态性语言,善用名词,善用弱势动词→在汉译英中常把ad.转化为v.,把v.转化为n.在经济上,我们要加快(副词)建立(动词)社会主义市场经济体制。

科技英语翻译-第3章

科技英语翻译-第3章

Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles


名词的翻译 一、直译 所谓直译,就是把原文中名词或名词短语本身的含义翻 译出来。如: A power reactor has no need of air, for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of unclear fission, not of combustion. 动力反应堆不需要空气,因为在铀堆中产生的热室核裂 变而不是燃烧的结果。 Differentiation can also be expressed in terms of biochemical activities. 分化也可以用生化活动来表达。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles


名词的翻译 三、增译 名词的增译多数是为了使译文更符合汉语的表达方式与习惯。如: Breeding of hummingbirds takes? place in May and June. 蜂鸟生育繁殖的时间是每年的五月和六月。 译文在breeding后增译了“时间”;在in May and June前增译了 “每年”,使整个句子读起来更加通顺,意思表达更准确完整。 A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a? reamer. 钻好的孔可用铰刀加工,使其尺寸精确,表面光滑。 该句在形容词accyrate and smooth前分别增译了名词“尺寸”和 “表面”,译文的意思表达的更明确一些。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles

具体译法和抽象译法

具体译法和抽象译法

非常罕见
→once in a blue moon
干苦差事
1
→hold(carry)the baby
2
反应快
3
→think on one’s feet
4
→quick on the trigger
5
保密
6
→keep something under one’s hat
7
05
We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.
6
顺手牵羊→walk off with something
7
唇枪舌剑→engage in a battle of argument
8
黔驴技穷→at one’s wit’s end
9
I was practically on my knees but he still refused.
我几乎是苦苦哀求,但他依然拒绝。
我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发作用。
All the people were exasperated by his fault-find怒了。
His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.
他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。
He is a rolling stone I don’t think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。
I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.
我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事,但是我不能打包票。

12-Abstract Nouns

12-Abstract Nouns

• modesty
• Sympathy
• • • • • •
preparation transition tension backwardness brutality anti-violence
谦虚态度 同情心理 准备工作 演变过程 /过渡阶 段 紧张局势/气氛 落后状态 残暴行为 防暴措施
Practice
Other Examples of Abstract → Concrete
I only know the basic moves of Chinese chess. 象棋,我只懂马走日,象走田。
This is not a real gun, but it is a good imitation . 这不是真枪,却是一件上佳的仿制品。
1.
English Abstract N. → Chinese Concrete V.
(1) The growing awareness by millions of people of their intolerable condition of life had promoted them to revolt. 千百万人民日益意识到自己的生活条件不堪忍受,这促使他们 起来反抗。
1) He felt the patriotism rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
2) His new car made him the envy of every boy in the neighborhood. 他有了一辆新车,这使他成了邻里男孩们羡慕的对象。
Practice
1. He was always an unwelcome intruder. 他经常不请自来,冒冒失失地闯入别人的家里。 2. The teacher told me to set a high value on our time. 老师告诉我们要珍惜时间。 3. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 任何事情,只要他一露面,就算是成功了。
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3.对于他向你做出这种粗陋无礼的行为,我深感抱歉。 I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.
名词的抽象译法
具体名词到抽象名词的转换实则是形象思维到抽象思维的转换。汉语名 词倾向于具体,而英语则倾向于抽象,因此,英译时,在无法保留形象 的情况下,要采取抽象的意译处理,以求双语符号的语义对应,让译文 忠实通顺。
名词的抽象译法
名词抽象译法
成语和习语抽象译法
抽象译法句子翻译
一、名词抽象译法
实例: 实例
Chinese
暴力事件 耐心态度 过敏反应 主要旅游观 光场所
English violence patience allergy
Chinese
隔离政策 紧张局势 不公正现象
English segregation tension injustice the educated Boston
名词的抽象和具体译法
名词的抽象译法
具体名词
张三李四 绫罗绸缎 生米煮成熟饭 木已成舟
抽象名词
-ment -tion -ism -ity -ence
(化实为虚) 化实为虚)
从语义角度出发,汉语中名词倾向于具体,许多表示具体概念的词语 往往有泛指意义或引申意义。翻译时用表示泛指意义的概括词语或表 示引申意义的词语表达。
海阔天空: 海阔天空
单枪匹马: 单枪匹马
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
两袖清风 译文1:clean hands 译文2:free from wrong-doing(or guiltless)
练习: 练习: 灯红酒绿 灌迷汤 dissipated and luxurious butter sb. up 鸟语花香 老古董 a fine spring day
三、抽象译法句子翻译
例:我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人. 我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人 I knew that many families today were conscious of absences. 例:我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.
例:只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不尽。 只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不尽。 If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
三、抽象译法句子翻译
练习: 练习: 1.不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 2.我们都来自五湖四海。 We are from all corners of the country.
粗枝大叶: 粗枝大叶 with big branches and large leaves 正译: to be crude and careless with a vast sea and boundless sky 正译:to talk with random with a solitary spear and a single horse 正译:to be single-handed in doing sth
old fashioned person
三、抽象译法句子翻译
我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题. 我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题 译文1: 译文 :We must pay close attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas. 译文2: 译文 :We must pay close attention to the gap between coastal and inland areas. “差距问题”进行了抽象化处理 类似的范畴词语有:任务、现象、因素、态度、活动、状况等. 练习: 练习: 他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。 Their optimism moved us greatly.
the major tourist 波士顿的知识 界人士 attractions
汉语命名中倾向于增加范畴词, 如"问题"、"态度"、" 局势"、“现象”等,这 些词有的是出于表达形象具体的需要, 有的则是修辞上的需要,没有实质意义。 英译时都可以用抽象的词语来表达,进行抽象化处理。
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
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